Rhizobiome and Its Architecture in the Crop Improvement and Resistance Towards Pathogens

Rhizobiome is a network of beneficial microbes (fungi, bacteria, nematodes, actino-mycetes, mycorrhizae) and to study their interaction is fascinating in producing higher crop yield and increase resistance against phytopathogens. The interactions could be competitive, neutral, commensal and mutualistic. Beneficial interactions chiefly colo-nize roots and maximize plant growth parameters like plant height, leaves number & fruit/pod/seed number. The positive microinoculants fix nitrogen, solubilize P and Fe, produce phytohormones, improve plant defense chemicals and enzyme machinery in root tissues upon pathogen invasion. The rhizomicroinoculants also increase photo-synthetic and nutritional proficiency by maximizing total chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins in plants. They play a crucial role in pre-venting disease outbreak under stressful situations like drought, metal stress, salinity, high temperature, soil erosion, change in rainfall and humidity. Understanding rhi-zomicrobiome interaction and preparing novel rhizospheric microbial formulations could be good strategy to improve plant growth parameters, fruit yield and defense ability towards pathogen.