Frequency of Gram Negative bacteria in neonatal septicemia and their susceptibility pattern in Omdurman Maternity Hospital

Abstract Background: Neonatal septicemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns, especially in developing countries. Identifying the causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective treatment. This study aims to determine the frequency of Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal septicemia and their susceptibility patterns in Omdurman Maternity Hospital. Results: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from neonates suspected of septicemia. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in 60% of the cases. The most prevalent isolates included Escherichia coli (35%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (90%) and gentamicin (80%), while imipenem (95%) and amikacin (85%) showed higher efficacy. Conclusions: The study highlights the high prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal septicemia and their significant resistance to first-line antibiotics. These findings underscore the need for regular surveillance and review of antibiotic policies in neonatal care units to ensure effective management of neonatal infections.