Enhanced Electrical Properties and Thermal Stability in WO₃-Doped Ca0.8 (Li0.1Ce0.03Bi0.07)Bi2Nb2O9 Piezoelectric Ceramics

Enhanced Electrical Properties and Thermal Stability in WO₃-Doped Ca0.8 (Li0.1Ce0.03Bi0.07)Bi2Nb2O9 Piezoelectric Ceramics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Enhanced Electrical Properties and Thermal Stability in WO₃-Doped Ca0.8 (Li0.1Ce0.03Bi0.07)Bi2Nb2O9 Piezoelectric Ceramics Jing Huang, Jiafeng Ma, Songjia Wang, Yujian Yin, Yuming Li, Heng Wang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9524965/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract WO₃-doped Ca₀.₈(Li₀.₁Ce₀.₀₃Bi₀.₀₇)Bi₂Nb₂O₉ piezoelectric ceramics were prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction method. This study systematically investigates the influence of W⁶⁺ substitution for Nb⁵⁺ at the B-site on the microstructure and electrical performance of Ca₀.₈(Li₀.₁Ce₀.₀₃Bi₀.₀₇)Bi₂Nb₂ − x W x O₉ ( x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) ceramics. WO₃ doping reduced the sintering temperature of the ceramics, increased the grain size, and significantly enhanced both the remanent polarization and piezoelectric performance were. The optimal properties were achieved at a W⁶⁺ content of x = 0.02, exhibiting a curie temperature of 919 o C. The piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 ) increased from 17.6 pC/N to 19.7 pC/N, representing a 12% growth, this value is more than three times that of pure CaBi₂Nb₂O₉ ceramics. Furthermore, the sample demonstrated excellent thermal stability, retaining a d ₃₃ value of 18.5 pC/N (a decrease of only 7%) after annealing at 800 o C for 30 minutes, indicating considerable potential for high-temperature sensor applications. High-temperature piezoelectric Tungsten oxide Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics Thermal stability Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 05 May, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 28 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 25 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9524965","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":638914748,"identity":"bc632775-cae0-4e7c-84f9-607e010ba537","order_by":0,"name":"Jing Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guilin University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jing","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":638914750,"identity":"67a232c7-3cf4-4d02-9207-28f33d593f46","order_by":1,"name":"Jiafeng 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10:53:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9524965/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9524965/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109154884,"identity":"cd2da3f6-1275-4c55-b874-f1496c1f71d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-13 06:30:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2062602,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript4253.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9524965/v1_covered_6d1e3fe4-3d43-43e5-aa96-0eef3d337aaf.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Enhanced Electrical Properties and Thermal Stability in WO₃-Doped Ca0.8 (Li0.1Ce0.03Bi0.07)Bi2Nb2O9 Piezoelectric Ceramics","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"ionics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":" Learn more about [Ionics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11581) ","snPcode":"11581","submissionUrl":"https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ionics","title":"Ionics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"High-temperature piezoelectric, Tungsten oxide, Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics, Thermal stability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9524965/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9524965/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWO₃-doped Ca₀.₈(Li₀.₁Ce₀.₀₃Bi₀.₀₇)Bi₂Nb₂O₉ piezoelectric ceramics were prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction method. This study systematically investigates the influence of W⁶⁺ substitution for Nb⁵⁺ at the B-site on the microstructure and electrical performance of Ca₀.₈(Li₀.₁Ce₀.₀₃Bi₀.₀₇)Bi₂Nb₂\u003csub\u003e\u0026minus;\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003eW\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003eO₉ (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) ceramics. WO₃ doping reduced the sintering temperature of the ceramics, increased the grain size, and significantly enhanced both the remanent polarization and piezoelectric performance were. The optimal properties were achieved at a W⁶⁺ content of \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.02, exhibiting a curie temperature of 919 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC. The piezoelectric coefficient (\u003cem\u003ed\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e33\u003c/sub\u003e) increased from 17.6 pC/N to 19.7 pC/N, representing a 12% growth, this value is more than three times that of pure CaBi₂Nb₂O₉ ceramics. Furthermore, the sample demonstrated excellent thermal stability, retaining a \u003cem\u003ed\u003c/em\u003e₃₃ value of 18.5 pC/N (a decrease of only 7%) after annealing at 800 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC for 30 minutes, indicating considerable potential for high-temperature sensor applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Enhanced Electrical Properties and Thermal Stability in WO₃-Doped Ca0.8 (Li0.1Ce0.03Bi0.07)Bi2Nb2O9 Piezoelectric Ceramics","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-13 06:27:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9524965/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"20957248514045089757432094291147657038","date":"2026-05-12T10:20:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-11T10:12:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"282196007789078648338396760908091464097","date":"2026-05-11T08:44:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-05-05T15:31:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-28T09:01:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-28T09:01:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Ionics","date":"2026-04-25T10:37:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"ionics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":" Learn more about [Ionics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11581) ","snPcode":"11581","submissionUrl":"https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ionics","title":"Ionics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"da15caeb-03d5-4346-9e60-72090a8aac2f","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 13th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"20957248514045089757432094291147657038","date":"2026-05-12T10:20:18+00:00","index":24,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-11T10:12:12+00:00","index":23,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"282196007789078648338396760908091464097","date":"2026-05-11T08:44:25+00:00","index":22,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"12","date":"2026-05-05T15:31:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-13T06:27:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-13 06:27:49","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9524965","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9524965","identity":"rs-9524965","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}