Analysis of the empowerment of Disabled elderly people in rural areas in Henan province: a survey

Analysis of the empowerment of Disabled elderly people in rural areas in Henan province: a survey | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of the empowerment of Disabled elderly people in rural areas in Henan province: a survey Xizheng Li, Yuwen Yan, Huizhong Zhang, Yan Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4315353/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective: To understand the health empowerment status of the rural disabled elderly, and analyze the influencing factors, to provide a reference for targeted intervention measures. Methods: The Group sampling method investigated 208 disabled elderly people in a rural community in Henan Province. Results: The total level of the rural disability score (55.43 ± 12.04), and the average score (2.42± 0.53), at the middle level, where the average score of each dimension is:.1Self-identification (113 ± 3.12), individual control (10.79 ± 3.46), decision participation (9.82 ± 2.79), knowledge and understanding (10.28 ± 3.26), empowerment (10.33 ± 3.03), The multiple regression results showed that the number of children, the type of chronic diseases with education level and the degree of disability were the influencing factors affecting the empowerment level of the disabled rural elderly (P <0.05). Conclusion: The current situation of empowerment of the disabled elderly in rural areas is at the middle level, especially in terms of self-decision, health records, and smart pension, which can be implemented or improved for the current empowerment intervention program, and accurate empowerment can be achieved by stimulating the internal potential of the disabled elderly and improving their self-health management awareness. rural areas disabled elderly active health enabling Introduction With the deepening of aging, the number of disabled elderly people in China has surged synchronously, and the problem of elderly disability is becoming increasingly serious. It is predicted that the number of disabled elderly people in China is expected to increase from 136.24 million to 136.74 million by 2030 [ 1 ] . Compared with the disabled elderly in urban areas, the rural disabled elderly have a large proportion and a low health level [ 2 ] . China Geriatric Health Research Report (2020–2021) [ 3 ] Points out, that empowerment is considered to be the key to improving the internal ability of the elderly and promoting the function to play, advocating for the elderly to explore their resources, encourage self-care, and promote health empowerment. Empowered by WHO is defined as a positive cooperative relationship to improve health status and quality of life, which is a prerequisite for health and is conducive to improving health outcomes and quality of life [ 4 , 5 ] . In healthcare, empowerment is considered a determinant of improved health status, with a positive effect on health outcomes [ 5 , 6 ] . Some foreign scholars have found that the empowerment level has a great impact on the self-management of chronic diseases, is an important factor affecting patients' participation in health self-management, and has a positive role in promoting health self-management [ 7 ] . However, China's traditional care methods mainly focus on daily living and medical care, but they ignore the willingness and ability of the disabled elderly to actively pursue health, leading to the continuous decline of internal ability and the inability to maintain their function [ 8 ] . Therefore, it is necessary to first investigate and analyze the current situation of the disabled elderly people in rural areas and analyze the influencing factors, to develop a regional-specific population health empowerment intervention program suitable for agriculture. Based on the above thinking, the researchers adjusted the empowerment level of the disabled elderly in a township and rural areas in Henan Province, to provide a valuable reference for promoting and improving the health empowerment intervention program of this group. Objects and Methods 1.1 Selection of survey respondents The disabled elderly people in the natural administrative villages of Henan Province were selected as the respondents. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were as follows: rural disabled elderly persons: ① 60 years or older; ② BI rated at least "slightly dependent" or above; ③ its caregivers were non-medical professionals; ④ voluntarily participated in the study. Exclusion criteria: ① Patients with severe mental disorders; ② participating in other clinical trials; ③ without caregivers; ④ with chronic infectious diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis and tuberculosis. 1.2 Sample size calculation The sample size was estimated using 5–10 times of the maximum number of items in the questionnaire [ 9 ] . There were 23 items in the Energy Table for Chronic Disease Patients used in this study, and the calculated sample size was 115–230. Considering 20% of invalid questionnaires, at least 138 questionnaires were needed. In this study, 214 questionnaires were issued and 208 questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.1%. 1.3 Study tools The questionnaire includes general data on the elderly, chronic disease energy scale, and the ability of daily living (ADL) -Barthel index rating scale (BI). (1) General data questionnaire The general data questionnaire for the disabled elderly in rural areas includes age, gender, education level, marital status, monthly medical expenses, income, number of children, main sources of income, types of chronic diseases disability degree, etc. Barthel Index Evaluation Scale (BI) This scale is the most widely used and studied scale for daily self-care ability (Activities of Daily Living, ADL), and was developed by Lawton and Brody in the United States in 1969 [ 10 ] The scale contains 10 items: eating, bathing, dressing, dressing, stool control, urination control, toilet use, bed and wheelchair transfer, flat ground walking, and going up and down stairs. According to the degree of help that the patient needs to complete each item (independent, need partial help, need great help, complete dependence), the full score is 100 points. According to the final score, the patient's self-care ability was divided into the following levels: Grade A (61–99 points): mild dependence, basic self-care, mild impairment, and ability to complete daily activities independently. Grade B (41–60 points): moderate dependence, self-care, moderate dysfunction, life needs help; Grade C (040 points): severe dependence, most daily activities, completely unable to self-care, severe dysfunction, or complete disability. Barthel Index rating scale has been widely used at home and abroad. This scale is simple to use, and its reliability and validity have been widely confirmed. Its weight reliability reaches 0.89, inter-rating reliability is greater than 0.95, and high sensitivity [ 11 ] 。 (2) Energy assignment table for patients with chronic diseases The scale was compiled by Nicola Small, University of Manchester, UK, and by Sun Yiqin [ 12 ] Chinese, used to assess the level of elderly chronic patients, including self-identification (five items), individual control (four items), participation in decision-making (five items), knowledge and understanding (four items), can assign others (five items) five dimensions, a total of 23 items, using Likert 5 level scoring method, from "very disagree" to "very agree", 1–5 points, the total score of 23–115 points, the higher the score, said that the higher the level of assign. The scale total Cronbach's coefficient was 0.923. 1.4 Data collection method Before the start of the survey, the two participants were uniformly trained, including filling standards, survey skills, data entry specifications, etc. The purpose, significance, and confidentiality of the study were explained to the subjects before the study, and the questionnaire was issued after obtaining the informed consent of the subjects. The questionnaire was used to issue on the spot and check and recover after completion. 1.5 Statistical methods The results were entered and analyzed using SPSS 25.0, and two results were recorded to ensure the accuracy of the data. The general data of the research subjects were statistically described by means, standard deviation, frequency, and composition ratio, t-test, one-way variance to analyze the empowerment score of the rural disabled elderly, and multiple linear regression to analyze the main influencing factors. The test level was a = 0.05. Findings 2.1 Basic information of the survey subjects Current score of disabled elderly: 208 disabled elderly in rural areas (55.43 ± 12.04). See Table 1 . Item scores are shown in Table 2 and Table 3 . Table 1 Enability scores of 208 rural disabled elderly people (score, x ± s)‾ project score Project average score Total table score 55.43 ± 12.04 2.42 ± 0.53 self-recognition .1113 ± 3.12 2.53 ± 0.78 Individual control 10.79 ± 3.46 2.42 ± 0.59 Decision participation 9.82 ± 2.79 2.16 ± 0.70 Knowledge and understanding 10.28 ± 3.26 2.45 ± 0.69 Empower others 10.33 ± 3.03 2.26 ± 0.65 Table 2 Minimum score of disabled elderly items (score, x ± s)‾ clauses and subclauses score sort I can actively manage my health status. 2.45 ± 1.12 23 I felt that I could reject the treatment decisions that the doctors had made for me. 2.15 ± 0.78 22 I felt that I could reject the treatment decisions that the doctors had made for me. 2.03 ± 0.88 21 I know how to deal with my health problems. 2.01 ± 0.92 20 Table 3 Top score of disabled elderly entry (score, x ± s)‾ clauses and subclauses score sort Despite my poor health, I feel useful in my daily life 2.92 ± 0.83 1 Despite my health problems, I feel that I am actively involved in life. 2.61 ± 1.06 3 Despite my health problems, I can live a normal life. 2.59 ± 0.98 5 Despite my health problems, I still plan to do something enjoyable. 2.69 ± 1.03 2 Despite my health problems, I feel that my life is both purposeful and meaningful. 2.60 ± 0.98 4 2.2 Analysis of the factors influencing the enabling level of the disabled elderly The results show that the level of empowerment, age, educational level, monthly income, monthly medical expenses, number of children, main sources of income, number of chronic diseases, and degree of disability, The difference was statistically significant (all p < 0.05), as shown in Table 4 . Table 4 General data and univariate analysis results of empowerment level of rural disabled elderly people (points, x ± s)‾ project Number of cases, [n (%)] Score (score, x ± s) t perhaps F p sex −0.482 0.630 man 121(58.2) 55.57 ± 12.23 woman 87(41.8) 54.63 ± 12.22 age −6.901 <0.001 60- 78(25.7) 73.15 ± 12.57 70- 90(29.7) 78.46 ± 15.96 80- 120(39.6) 79.92 ± 22.74 marital status 1.954 0.052 unmarried 6(2.9) 60.67 ± 11.67 married 156(75) 54.11 ± 10.28 other 46(22.1) 57.39 ± 17.14 degree of education 19.850 <0.001 Uneducated 36(17.3) 38.47 ± 5.63 primary school 76(36.5) 53.38 ± 6.02 junior middle school 76(36.5) 58.50 ± 8.31 High school and above 20(9.6) 77.85 ± 4.75 monthly income 8.262 <0.001 <200 123(40.6) 46.35 ± 15.81 200- 116(38.2) 52.39 ± 8.98 500- 60(19.8) 54.25 ± 8.13 1000- 4(1.4) 67.97 ± 8.80 Monthly medical expenses −4.263 <0.001 <100 37(17.8) 48.12 ± 0.83 100- 44(21.2) 61.89 ± 16.32 500- 88(42.3) 57.08 ± 6.74 1000- 39(18.8) 49.89 ± 11.36 quantity of children −8.203 <0.001 0 8(3.8) 59.25 ± 1.03 1 20(9.6) 77.85 ± 4.75 2 80(38.5) 54.81 ± 8.40 Three or more 100(48.1) 50.29 ± 11.02 Main economic sources 2.224 <0.05 sons and daughters 86(41.3) 50.44 ± 11.52 retirement pay 73(35.1) 61.05 ± 14.14 government subsidies 41(19.7) 54.05 ± 3.96 other 8(3.8) 54.25 ± 1.98 The number of chronic diseases −7.274 <0.001 0 37(17.8) 68.57 ± 11.07 1 83(39.9) 53.24 ± 11.75 ≥ 2 88(42.3) 51.01 ± 8.73 Disability degree −7.623 <0.001 Mild dependence 75(36.1) 62.45 ± 12.18 Moderate dependence 99(47.6) 52.45 ± 8.37 Heavy dependence 34(16.3) 12.92 ± 2.21 2.3 Multiple linear regression analysis of the empowerment level of disabled elderly people Enabling chronic diseases, the score of the scale as the dependent variable, age, educational level, monthly income, monthly medical expenses, number of children, major economic sources, number of chronic diseases, and Disability degree As an independent variable, a multiple linear regression was analyzed by the stepwise method (α in = 0.05, α out = 0.10). The independent variables were assigned in a way as follows, as shown in Table 5 . The results showed that the educational level, number of children, number of chronic diseases, and the degree of disability were the influencing factors for the empowerment level of the rural disabled elderly (p < 0.05), as shown in Table 6 . Table 5 The assignments of the independent variables variable Assignment description degree of education The dummy variable was set with "uneducated" as the control group, 1 = uneducated (Z1 = 0, Z2 = 0, Z3 = 0), 2 = primary school (Z1 = 1, Z2 = 0, Z3 = 0), 3 = junior high school (Z1 = 0, Z2 = 1, Z3 = 0), 4 = high school and above (Z1 = 0, Z2 = 0, Z3 = 1) quantity of children The dummy variables were set with "0" as the control group, 1 = 0 (Z1 = 0, Z2 = 0, Z3 = 0), 2 = 1 (Z1 = 1, Z2 = 0, Z3 = 0), and 3 = 2 (Z1 = 0, Z2 = 1, Z3 = 0) The number of chronic diseases The dummy variables were set with "0" as the control group, 1 = 0 (Z1 = 0, Z2 = 0, Z3 = 0), 2 = 1 (Z1 = 1, Z2 = 0, Z3 = 0), and 3 = 2 (Z1 = 0, Z2 = 1, Z3 = 0) Disability degree The dummy variable was set with "mild dependence" as the control group, 1 = mild dependence (Z1 = 0, Z2 = 0, Z3 = 0), 2 = moderate dependence (Z1 = 1, Z2 = 0, Z3 = 0), and 3 = heavy dependence (Z1 = 0, Z2 = 1, Z3 = 0) Table 6 Multiple linear regression analysis of the factors influencing the empowerment level of rural disabled elderly people variable β S.E. β' t p (constant) 39.969 8.861 4.511 <0.001 degree of education 8.935 0.773 0.646 11.553 <0.001 quantity of children -4.042 0.716 -0.265 -5.642 <0.001 Disability degree -3.82 0.754 -0.219 -5.068 <0.001 The number of chronic diseases -1.541 0.735 -0.093 -2.097 <0.05 Discussion 3.1 The empowerment level of the disabled rural elderly is at a medium level This study found that the overall level of health empowerment among disabled rural elderly was moderately low. This may be related to the relatively backward economic level and poor health conditions in rural areas, although the current national emphasis on the need to empower rural public services to promote the extension of 'Internet + nursing services' to rural areas." [ 13 ] , However, under the influence of the urban-rural dual structure in China, there is a big gap between urban and rural health services in resource allocation and service quality [ 14 ] Therefore, it is considered that domestic rural medical personnel have an insufficient understanding of empowerment and less implementation of empowerment skills in the supply of health services. The average score rates for each dimension were highest for self-identification, followed by individual control, knowledge and understanding, empowerment of others, and decision participation. The self-identification score is the highest, and the possible reason is that the disabled elderly have accepted their patient status, recognized their sick role, and started to find new meaning in life due to their long-term disease state. This may be related to the fact that the disabled old people included in this study have received some positive psychological education from relevant professionals [ 12 ] To gradually accept their disabled status from the deep heart; second, because the family caregivers mainly provide positive support to the disabled elderly in daily life and emotional companionship [ 15 ] , Old people expect to be recognized by the society, which makes them find their own value and meaning of life. This hints in the future intervention should pay attention to this phenomenon, on the one hand, shows that disability the old man is willing to accept his identity, and accept change, these are the basis of fu intervention can implement and maintain, on the other hand, it is also digging the potential of positive behavior, should pay attention to maintain and strengthen, through active intervention means mining its active participation in their health management potential, play its subjective initiative. The decision participation dimension score is relatively low. Studies have shown that while the current disabled elderly people recognize the vulnerability and dependence of their physical function, they are also extremely eager to have the ability to make independent decisions [ 16 ] . However, due to the weak health awareness of the disabled elderly in rural areas and the caregivers often take the disabled elderly passively as the leader, it is difficult to participate in their own medical decisions [ 17 ] . Therefore, in the future empowerment intervention, we should consider strengthening this weak point, reducing paternalistic " excessive care, establishing an independent and independent life circle for the disabled elderly, and enhancing the health knowledge of the disabled elderly. It is suggested that medical staff promote patient participation in decision-making and better health outcomes through shared communication. 3.2 Education level This study showed that the higher the educational level, the higher the empowerment level of the disabled elderly. The reasons may be that the elderly with higher education level have stronger learning ability and are more motivated to actively accept and learn health knowledge. Studies have proved that patients with a high level of health knowledge have better health conditions, because good knowledge can help patients to understand the disease correctly, and then implement health behaviors [ 18 ] . At the same time, health knowledge is an important factor in balancing the doctor-patient relationship, enabling patients to judge when they can act autonomously and when without physician guidance [ 19 ] . Therefore, a high level of empowerment requires corresponding health knowledge, literacy and skills. Medical staff should regard the provision and support of knowledge as the early guarantee of empowerment, not only a simple notification during treatment, but also a systematic dissemination of health knowledge in a prepared, planned and strategic way. In the empowerment intervention for the disabled rural elderly, individual differences among different participants should be considered to promote mutual communication and sharing among the elderly. Health service personnel can help the disabled rural elderly to establish common trait groups to achieve mutual empowerment. 3.3 Number of children This study shows that the more the number of children, the lower the empowerment level of the disabled elderly, compared with Pan Shuo [ 20 ] The opposite findings of et al. The reasons may affect the lack of professional knowledge and technical ability of the rural disabled elderly caregivers [ 21 ] , Ignoring the attention to the disabled elderly'the initiative to maintain their own health from the subject, and thus affecting the quality of care. In addition, at present, the caregivers of the disabled elderly in rural areas are mainly children, and if the caregivers excessively intervene and arrange the life of the elderly through top-down care, and seriously neglect their dignity and autonomy, it will have a negative impact on the empowerment level of the elderly [ 22 ] . Research shows that in the traditional "giving care" mode, there are excessive behavioral restriction and excessive emotional giving for the disabled elderly. However, too strict and compact arrangements and activities will weaken the initiative of the disabled elderly [ 23 ] . Therefore, caregivers should provide care for disabled elderly people with sufficient private space, full understanding and respect, and the opportunity to make joint decisions. For disabled elderly people who are increasingly dependent on their role due to illness or physiological aging, caregivers should be encouraged to perform their own daily activities. In conclusion, when the disabled elderly can make decisions and actively participate, it is helpful to stimulate them to obtain key information to match their personal life wishes, to actively pay attention to and decide on their own health problems. 3.4 Number of chronic diseases The results of this study showed that the disabled elderly with more types of chronic diseases. The reasons may be that the disabled elderly with more types of chronic diseases often face many health problems, such as rapid decline in physical function and quality of life, increased risk of frailty, and cross-occurrence of chronic disease symptoms [ 24 ] , Soares believes that health status is related to stress management capacity related to health empowerment, and that relatively good health status is a prerequisite for performing disease self-management [ 25 ] Therefore, due to the influence of this factor, the disabled elderly may have negative emotions towards the people and things around them, and are prone to the problems of psychological maladjustment [ 26 ] , Thus, it is difficult to adopt effective health management behaviors. In conclusion, medical staff to understanding of that old man can also should see different health conditions, in building fu can intervention program, should put the part of the disability of the elderly as the focus on object, for different chronic diseases or chronic disease comorbidity characteristics personalized support plans, regularly in grassroots health institutions and disability family to carry out chronic disease prevention knowledge education and psychological counseling activities, and the disease progress and health factors should pay attention to the important role, directly or indirectly improve their health, and motivate disability the elderly actively take healthy behavior, actively deal with their own condition. 3.5 Degree of disability The results of this study indicate that the higher the disability of the community elderly, the lower the empowerment level. The reasons may be that with the increase of disability, the worse the self-care ability, the more their families need to spend time to take care of them, and their psychological burden increases [ 27 ] Therefore, the elderly are prone to negative emotions that hinder their active health management behaviors. When the elderly body function is damaged, the social collective activities, with colleagues, friends, neighbors, relatives interaction frequency decline, thus gradually fade out once social circle, subjective social support, the formation of social self closed and social support network, lead to lack of social, spiritual emptiness [ 28 ] . When disabled elderly people experience significant changes in their social roles and interpersonal relationships, they may cause psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, and inhibit their active participation in health-promoting behaviors [ 17 ] . This suggests that families and society should pay special attention to the elderly with high disability level, help them establish correct health awareness in the future empowerment intervention, guide the elderly to participate in daily social activities and self-care, constantly enhance confidence in rehabilitation and relieve negative emotions [ 29 ] , Changing from passive empowerment to self-empowerment. Summary To sum up, the empowerment status of disabled elderly people in rural China is in the middle, among which the self-recognition dimension scores the highest. The education level, the number of children, the number of chronic diseases and disability are independent factors, so encouraging the elderly to actively participate in their health management, for different disabilities can improve their health status will be an important measure, due to time constraints, the study only for Henan parts of the township village disability the old man, so the representative of the conclusion may be limited, follow-up will be multicenter, large samples, to be more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the rural disability of the old man can assign level. Declarations Acknowledgements Not applicable. Authors’ contributions Li XZ is conceived of the study, Zhang HZ and Yan YW participated in its design, data analysis, and statistics, and Zhang Y helped draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding This study did not receive any funding in any form. Data Availability All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article. Further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of School of Nursing and Health Zhengzhou University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. References Luo Y, Su B, Zheng X.Trends and Challenges for Population and Health During Population Aging - China, 2015-2050[J].China CDC Wkly, 2021,3(28):593-598. Analysis of the disability status and change of the Chinese elderly population —— Based on the sixth and seventh national census data [J]. Health Economic Research, 2023,40 (03): 6-11. Liu Yuanli, China Geriatric Health Research Report (2020~2021) [M]. 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Scientific Research on Aging, 2015,3 (06): 48-57. Tawalbeh L I, Tubaishat A, Batiha A M, et al.The relationship between social support and adherence to healthy lifestyle among patients with coronary artery disease in the north of Jordan[J].Clin Nurs Res, 2015,24(2):121-138. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4315353","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":300622255,"identity":"c7131e54-c59a-4363-b863-f292de7cc06f","order_by":0,"name":"Xizheng Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xizheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":300622256,"identity":"00c8ecca-c13c-4216-adf4-7f1403f7d1d3","order_by":1,"name":"Yuwen Yan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuwen","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""},{"id":300622257,"identity":"0e1a9dce-e2e7-41b7-ba69-ec43bd14707e","order_by":2,"name":"Huizhong Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huizhong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":300622258,"identity":"72ea6816-b9a5-4f6a-9037-460db4fdc5b7","order_by":3,"name":"Yan Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCTBZI8fAwHzgwIcfxGs5ZszAwJZ4cGYP8VqYExsYeIwPc7ARoUN+dvOzh1/b2Bj7Z/d8OMzAwyDPL3YAvxbGOcfMjWXbZJgl7pzdcLjAgsFw5uwE/FqYJRLMpCXb2NgYbuRuODyDhyHB4DYBLWwS6d+AWph55G/kPDjMw0aEFh6JHDPJj23MEgY3chiI0yIhkVMmzXDumIHhjTQDYCBLEPaL/Iz0bZI/ymrq591Ifvzhww8beX5pAlpAgJkXER0ShJWDAOOPP8QpHAWjYBSMghEKACVuREZ+I1MXAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-24 04:19:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4315353/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4315353/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60788517,"identity":"eb3e50d0-250c-491f-a4cf-cfc147d462fc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-22 06:29:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":732506,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4315353/v1/3d94f83b-ebe2-4475-8faa-0fb0c8df2c52.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis of the empowerment of Disabled elderly people in rural areas in Henan province: a survey","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eWith the deepening of aging, the number of disabled elderly people in China has surged synchronously, and the problem of elderly disability is becoming increasingly serious. It is predicted that the number of disabled elderly people in China is expected to increase from 136.24\u0026nbsp;million to 136.74\u0026nbsp;million by 2030\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Compared with the disabled elderly in urban areas, the rural disabled elderly have a large proportion and a low health level\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. China Geriatric Health Research Report (2020\u0026ndash;2021)\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e Points out, that empowerment is considered to be the key to improving the internal ability of the elderly and promoting the function to play, advocating for the elderly to explore their resources, encourage self-care, and promote health empowerment. Empowered by WHO is defined as a positive cooperative relationship to improve health status and quality of life, which is a prerequisite for health and is conducive to improving health outcomes and quality of life\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. In healthcare, empowerment is considered a determinant of improved health status, with a positive effect on health outcomes\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Some foreign scholars have found that the empowerment level has a great impact on the self-management of chronic diseases, is an important factor affecting patients' participation in health self-management, and has a positive role in promoting health self-management\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. However, China's traditional care methods mainly focus on daily living and medical care, but they ignore the willingness and ability of the disabled elderly to actively pursue health, leading to the continuous decline of internal ability and the inability to maintain their function\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, it is necessary to first investigate and analyze the current situation of the disabled elderly people in rural areas and analyze the influencing factors, to develop a regional-specific population health empowerment intervention program suitable for agriculture. Based on the above thinking, the researchers adjusted the empowerment level of the disabled elderly in a township and rural areas in Henan Province, to provide a valuable reference for promoting and improving the health empowerment intervention program of this group.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Objects and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.1 Selection of survey respondents\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe disabled elderly people in the natural administrative villages of Henan Province were selected as the respondents. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were as follows: rural disabled elderly persons: ① 60 years or older; ② BI rated at least \"slightly dependent\" or above; ③ its caregivers were non-medical professionals; ④ voluntarily participated in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExclusion criteria: ① Patients with severe mental disorders; ② participating in other clinical trials; ③ without caregivers; ④ with chronic infectious diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis and tuberculosis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.2 Sample size calculation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sample size was estimated using 5\u0026ndash;10 times of the maximum number of items in the questionnaire\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. There were 23 items in the Energy Table for Chronic Disease Patients used in this study, and the calculated sample size was 115\u0026ndash;230. Considering 20% of invalid questionnaires, at least 138 questionnaires were needed. In this study, 214 questionnaires were issued and 208 questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.1%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.3 Study tools\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire includes general data on the elderly, chronic disease energy scale, and the ability of daily living (ADL) -Barthel index rating scale (BI).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1) General data questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe general data questionnaire for the disabled elderly in rural areas includes age, gender, education level, marital status, monthly medical expenses, income, number of children, main sources of income, types of chronic diseases disability degree, etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarthel Index Evaluation Scale (BI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis scale is the most widely used and studied scale for daily self-care ability (Activities of Daily Living, ADL), and was developed by Lawton and Brody in the United States in 1969\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eThe scale contains 10 items: eating, bathing, dressing, dressing, stool control, urination control, toilet use, bed and wheelchair transfer, flat ground walking, and going up and down stairs. According to the degree of help that the patient needs to complete each item (independent, need partial help, need great help, complete dependence), the full score is 100 points.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the final score, the patient's self-care ability was divided into the following levels: Grade A (61\u0026ndash;99 points): mild dependence, basic self-care, mild impairment, and ability to complete daily activities independently. Grade B (41\u0026ndash;60 points): moderate dependence, self-care, moderate dysfunction, life needs help; Grade C (040 points): severe dependence, most daily activities, completely unable to self-care, severe dysfunction, or complete disability. Barthel Index rating scale has been widely used at home and abroad. This scale is simple to use, and its reliability and validity have been widely confirmed. Its weight reliability reaches 0.89, inter-rating reliability is greater than 0.95, and high sensitivity\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(2) Energy assignment table for patients with chronic diseases\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe scale was compiled by Nicola Small, University of Manchester, UK, and by Sun Yiqin\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eChinese, used to assess the level of elderly chronic patients, including self-identification (five items), individual control (four items), participation in decision-making (five items), knowledge and understanding (four items), can assign others (five items) five dimensions, a total of 23 items, using Likert 5 level scoring method, from \"very disagree\" to \"very agree\", 1\u0026ndash;5 points, the total score of 23\u0026ndash;115 points, the higher the score, said that the higher the level of assign. The scale total Cronbach's coefficient was 0.923.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.4 Data collection method\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore the start of the survey, the two participants were uniformly trained, including filling standards, survey skills, data entry specifications, etc. The purpose, significance, and confidentiality of the study were explained to the subjects before the study, and the questionnaire was issued after obtaining the informed consent of the subjects. The questionnaire was used to issue on the spot and check and recover after completion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.5 Statistical methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results were entered and analyzed using SPSS 25.0, and two results were recorded to ensure the accuracy of the data. The general data of the research subjects were statistically described by means, standard deviation, frequency, and composition ratio, t-test, one-way variance to analyze the empowerment score of the rural disabled elderly, and multiple linear regression to analyze the main influencing factors. The test level was a\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Findings","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Basic information of the survey subjects\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent score of disabled elderly: 208 disabled elderly in rural areas (55.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.04). See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Item scores are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnability scores of 208 rural disabled elderly people (score, x\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;s)\u0026oline;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eproject\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003escore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProject average score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal table score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eself-recognition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.1113\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividual control\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecision participation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge and understanding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmpower others\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMinimum score of disabled elderly items (score, x\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;s)\u0026oline;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eclauses and subclauses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003escore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI can actively manage my health status.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI felt that I could reject the treatment decisions that the doctors had made for me.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI felt that I could reject the treatment decisions that the doctors had made for me.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI know how to deal with my health problems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTop score of disabled elderly entry (score, x\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;s)\u0026oline;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eclauses and subclauses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003escore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite my poor health, I feel useful in my daily life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite my health problems, I feel that I am actively involved in life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite my health problems, I can live a normal life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite my health problems, I still plan to do something enjoyable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite my health problems, I feel that my life is both purposeful and meaningful.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Analysis of the factors influencing the enabling level of the disabled elderly\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results show that the level of empowerment, age, educational level, monthly income, monthly medical expenses, number of children, main sources of income, number of chronic diseases, and degree of disability, The difference was statistically significant (all p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral data and univariate analysis results of empowerment level of rural disabled elderly people (points, x\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;s)\u0026oline;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eproject\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of cases, [n (%)]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScore (score, x\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;s)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et perhaps F\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003esex\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;0.482\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.630\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eman\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121(58.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ewoman\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87(41.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eage\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;6.901\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78(25.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90(29.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120(39.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;22.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003emarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.954\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.052\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eunmarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6(2.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156(75)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eother\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46(22.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003edegree of education\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.850\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUneducated\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36(17.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eprimary school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76(36.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ejunior middle school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76(36.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh school and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20(9.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003emonthly income\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.262\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123(40.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116(38.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e500-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60(19.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1000-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4(1.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMonthly medical expenses\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;4.263\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37(17.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44(21.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e500-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88(42.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1000-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39(18.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003equantity of children\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;8.203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(3.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20(9.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80(38.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree or more\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100(48.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain economic sources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.224\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esons and daughters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86(41.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eretirement pay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73(35.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egovernment subsidies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41(19.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eother\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(3.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe number of chronic diseases\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;7.274\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37(17.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83(39.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88(42.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisability degree\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;7.623\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMild dependence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75(36.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate dependence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99(47.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeavy dependence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34(16.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Multiple linear regression analysis of the empowerment level of disabled elderly people\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnabling chronic diseases, the score of the scale as the dependent variable, age, educational level, monthly income, monthly medical expenses, number of children, major economic sources, number of chronic diseases, and Disability degree As an independent variable, a multiple linear regression was analyzed by the stepwise method (α in =\u0026thinsp;0.05, α out =\u0026thinsp;0.10). The independent variables were assigned in a way as follows, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. The results showed that the educational level, number of children, number of chronic diseases, and the degree of disability were the influencing factors for the empowerment level of the rural disabled elderly (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe assignments of the independent variables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003evariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssignment description\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edegree of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dummy variable was set with \"uneducated\" as the control group, 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;uneducated (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;primary school (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;junior high school (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;high school and above (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003equantity of children\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dummy variables were set with \"0\" as the control group, 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0 (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1 (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), and 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2 (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe number of chronic diseases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dummy variables were set with \"0\" as the control group, 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0 (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1 (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), and 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2 (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisability degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dummy variable was set with \"mild dependence\" as the control group, 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;mild dependence (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;moderate dependence (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0), and 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;heavy dependence (Z1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, Z2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1, Z3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple linear regression analysis of the factors influencing the empowerment level of rural disabled elderly people\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003evariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eβ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eS.E.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eβ'\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(constant)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.969\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.861\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.511\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edegree of education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.935\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.773\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.646\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.553\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003equantity of children\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.716\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.265\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.642\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisability degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.754\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.219\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe number of chronic diseases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.541\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.735\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.093\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.097\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.1 The empowerment level of the disabled rural elderly is at a medium level\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis study found that the overall level of health empowerment among disabled rural elderly was moderately low. This may be related to the relatively backward economic level and poor health conditions in rural areas, although the current national emphasis on the need to empower rural public services to promote the extension of \u0026apos;Internet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;nursing services\u0026apos; to rural areas.\u0026quot;\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, However, under the influence of the urban-rural dual structure in China, there is a big gap between urban and rural health services in resource allocation and service quality\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eTherefore, it is considered that domestic rural medical personnel have an insufficient understanding of empowerment and less implementation of empowerment skills in the supply of health services. The average score rates for each dimension were highest for self-identification, followed by individual control, knowledge and understanding, empowerment of others, and decision participation. The self-identification score is the highest, and the possible reason is that the disabled elderly have accepted their patient status, recognized their sick role, and started to find new meaning in life due to their long-term disease state. This may be related to the fact that the disabled old people included in this study have received some positive psychological education from relevant professionals\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eTo gradually accept their disabled status from the deep heart; second, because the family caregivers mainly provide positive support to the disabled elderly in daily life and emotional companionship\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Old people expect to be recognized by the society, which makes them find their own value and meaning of life. This hints in the future intervention should pay attention to this phenomenon, on the one hand, shows that disability the old man is willing to accept his identity, and accept change, these are the basis of fu intervention can implement and maintain, on the other hand, it is also digging the potential of positive behavior, should pay attention to maintain and strengthen, through active intervention means mining its active participation in their health management potential, play its subjective initiative. The decision participation dimension score is relatively low. Studies have shown that while the current disabled elderly people recognize the vulnerability and dependence of their physical function, they are also extremely eager to have the ability to make independent decisions\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. However, due to the weak health awareness of the disabled elderly in rural areas and the caregivers often take the disabled elderly passively as the leader, it is difficult to participate in their own medical decisions\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, in the future empowerment intervention, we should consider strengthening this weak point, reducing paternalistic \u0026quot; excessive care, establishing an independent and independent life circle for the disabled elderly, and enhancing the health knowledge of the disabled elderly. It is suggested that medical staff promote patient participation in decision-making and better health outcomes through shared communication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Education level\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis study showed that the higher the educational level, the higher the empowerment level of the disabled elderly. The reasons may be that the elderly with higher education level have stronger learning ability and are more motivated to actively accept and learn health knowledge. Studies have proved that patients with a high level of health knowledge have better health conditions, because good knowledge can help patients to understand the disease correctly, and then implement health behaviors\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. At the same time, health knowledge is an important factor in balancing the doctor-patient relationship, enabling patients to judge when they can act autonomously and when without physician guidance\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, a high level of empowerment requires corresponding health knowledge, literacy and skills. Medical staff should regard the provision and support of knowledge as the early guarantee of empowerment, not only a simple notification during treatment, but also a systematic dissemination of health knowledge in a prepared, planned and strategic way. In the empowerment intervention for the disabled rural elderly, individual differences among different participants should be considered to promote mutual communication and sharing among the elderly. Health service personnel can help the disabled rural elderly to establish common trait groups to achieve mutual empowerment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Number of children\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis study shows that the more the number of children, the lower the empowerment level of the disabled elderly, compared with Pan Shuo\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eThe opposite findings of et al. The reasons may affect the lack of professional knowledge and technical ability of the rural disabled elderly caregivers\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Ignoring the attention to the disabled elderly\u0026apos;the initiative to maintain their own health from the subject, and thus affecting the quality of care. In addition, at present, the caregivers of the disabled elderly in rural areas are mainly children, and if the caregivers excessively intervene and arrange the life of the elderly through top-down care, and seriously neglect their dignity and autonomy, it will have a negative impact on the empowerment level of the elderly\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Research shows that in the traditional \u0026quot;giving care\u0026quot; mode, there are excessive behavioral restriction and excessive emotional giving for the disabled elderly. However, too strict and compact arrangements and activities will weaken the initiative of the disabled elderly\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, caregivers should provide care for disabled elderly people with sufficient private space, full understanding and respect, and the opportunity to make joint decisions. For disabled elderly people who are increasingly dependent on their role due to illness or physiological aging, caregivers should be encouraged to perform their own daily activities. In conclusion, when the disabled elderly can make decisions and actively participate, it is helpful to stimulate them to obtain key information to match their personal life wishes, to actively pay attention to and decide on their own health problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Number of chronic diseases\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results of this study showed that the disabled elderly with more types of chronic diseases. The reasons may be that the disabled elderly with more types of chronic diseases often face many health problems, such as rapid decline in physical function and quality of life, increased risk of frailty, and cross-occurrence of chronic disease symptoms\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Soares believes that health status is related to stress management capacity related to health empowerment, and that relatively good health status is a prerequisite for performing disease self-management\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eTherefore, due to the influence of this factor, the disabled elderly may have negative emotions towards the people and things around them, and are prone to the problems of psychological maladjustment\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Thus, it is difficult to adopt effective health management behaviors. In conclusion, medical staff to understanding of that old man can also should see different health conditions, in building fu can intervention program, should put the part of the disability of the elderly as the focus on object, for different chronic diseases or chronic disease comorbidity characteristics personalized support plans, regularly in grassroots health institutions and disability family to carry out chronic disease prevention knowledge education and psychological counseling activities, and the disease progress and health factors should pay attention to the important role, directly or indirectly improve their health, and motivate disability the elderly actively take healthy behavior, actively deal with their own condition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.5 Degree of disability\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results of this study indicate that the higher the disability of the community elderly, the lower the empowerment level. The reasons may be that with the increase of disability, the worse the self-care ability, the more their families need to spend time to take care of them, and their psychological burden increases\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003eTherefore, the elderly are prone to negative emotions that hinder their active health management behaviors. When the elderly body function is damaged, the social collective activities, with colleagues, friends, neighbors, relatives interaction frequency decline, thus gradually fade out once social circle, subjective social support, the formation of social self closed and social support network, lead to lack of social, spiritual emptiness\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. When disabled elderly people experience significant changes in their social roles and interpersonal relationships, they may cause psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, and inhibit their active participation in health-promoting behaviors\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This suggests that families and society should pay special attention to the elderly with high disability level, help them establish correct health awareness in the future empowerment intervention, guide the elderly to participate in daily social activities and self-care, constantly enhance confidence in rehabilitation and relieve negative emotions\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Changing from passive empowerment to self-empowerment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Summary","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo sum up, the empowerment status of disabled elderly people in rural China is in the middle, among which the self-recognition dimension scores the highest. The education level, the number of children, the number of chronic diseases and disability are independent factors, so encouraging the elderly to actively participate in their health management, for different disabilities can improve their health status will be an important measure, due to time constraints, the study only for Henan parts of the township village disability the old man, so the representative of the conclusion may be limited, follow-up will be multicenter, large samples, to be more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the rural disability of the old man can assign level.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLi XZ is conceived of the study, Zhang HZ and Yan YW participated in its design, data analysis, and statistics, and Zhang Y helped draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study did not receive any funding in any form.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article. Further enquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of School of Nursing and Health Zhengzhou University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLuo Y, Su B, Zheng X.Trends and Challenges for Population and Health During Population Aging - China, 2015-2050[J].China CDC Wkly, 2021,3(28):593-598.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAnalysis of the disability status and change of the Chinese elderly population \u0026mdash;\u0026mdash; Based on the sixth and seventh national census data [J]. Health Economic Research, 2023,40 (03): 6-11.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLiu Yuanli, China Geriatric Health Research Report (2020~2021) [M]. 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Scientific Research on Aging, 2015,3 (06): 48-57.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTawalbeh L I, Tubaishat A, Batiha A M, et al.The relationship between social support and adherence to healthy lifestyle among patients with coronary artery disease in the north of Jordan[J].Clin Nurs Res, 2015,24(2):121-138.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"rural areas, disabled elderly, active health, enabling","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4315353/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4315353/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003e To understand the health empowerment status of the rural disabled elderly, and analyze the influencing factors, to provide a reference for targeted intervention measures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e The Group sampling method investigated 208 disabled elderly people in a rural community in Henan Province.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eThe total level of the rural disability score (55.43 ± 12.04), and the average score (2.42± 0.53), at the middle level, where the average score of each dimension is:.1Self-identification (113 ± 3.12), individual control (10.79 ± 3.46), decision participation (9.82 ± 2.79), knowledge and understanding (10.28 ± 3.26), empowerment (10.33 ± 3.03), The multiple regression results showed that the number of children, the type of chronic diseases with education level and the degree of disability were the influencing factors affecting the empowerment level of the disabled rural elderly (P \u0026lt;0.05).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eThe current situation of empowerment of the disabled elderly in rural areas is at the middle level, especially in terms of self-decision, health records, and smart pension, which can be implemented or improved for the current empowerment intervention program, and accurate empowerment can be achieved by stimulating the internal potential of the disabled elderly and improving their self-health management awareness.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of the empowerment of Disabled elderly people in rural areas in Henan province: a survey","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-13 18:36:55","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4315353/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"24ce6b90-6074-4d7a-9b51-9cd78752ba3e","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 13th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-07-22T06:29:28+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-13 18:36:55","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4315353","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4315353","identity":"rs-4315353","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}