Degradation of Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride by Peroxymonosulfate Activation on Natural Manganese Sand Through Response Surface Methodology

This study studies the degradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride（CTC）by activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with natural manganese sand（NMS）. Meanwhile, the NMS was characterized and analyzed by isothermal nitrogen adsorption (BET), X-ray energy spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be induced that NMS material may contain C, O, Al, Si, Fe, Mn, K, and the proportion of each is 6%, 9%, 13%, 34%, 27%, 5%, 6%. Critical parameters, including initial pH value, catalyst dosage and PMS amount, were optimized through response surface methodology. Results indicated that 81.65% of CTC could be degraded under the optimized conditions of PMS amount 2.02g/L, the NMS dosage 0.29g/L and pH 3.87. Also, it shows that NMS is the most powerful of each factor on the degradation efficiency. We proposed the degradation pathways of CTC from the liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) results. Therefore, NMS could be applied as an efficient activator of peroxymonosulfate to purify the water and wastewater.