Assessment of Muscle Mass and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and function, and it represents a significant and prevalent condition in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, limited research has been conducted to document techniques for the early detection of sarcopenia in PD patients. This review addresses the pathophysiology, prognostic implications, and various assessment techniques for sarcopenia, including creatinine kinetics, anthropometry, imaging techniques (computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound sonography), bioimpedance spectrometry, and the modified creatinine index. Each of these techniques presents unique strengths and limitations, necessitating careful consideration of the most appropriate assessment method based on specific clinical conditions. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review aims to evaluate the strengths and limitations of available muscle-assessment techniques and assist in the development of improved diagnostic strategies for sarcopenic PD patients.