Parent-Young People Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors Among Students in Agaro Town, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

Parent-Young People Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors Among Students in Agaro Town, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Parent-Young People Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors Among Students in Agaro Town, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study Daba Abdissa, Workitu Sileshi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-678931/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Jan, 2023 Read the published version in Reproductive Health → Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is at the base of young people's living and wellbeing. A significant number of young peoples are affected by avoidable SRH problems due to a lack of appropriate knowledge regarding SRH. Parent-young communication on SRH is critical in informing them about risk and protective behaviors which in turn decrease the likelihood of involvement in risky sexual behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the parent-young communication on SRH issues among secondary and preparatory school students at Agaro town, Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods School based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 13 to April 20, 2019 using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire entered into Epi data version 3.1; and analyzed using SPSS version 20. A variable having a p-value of <0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression model was subjected to multivariable logistic regression analysis to avoid the confounding variable’s effect. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated at the 95% confidence interval and considered significant with a p-value of <0.05. Results A total of 315 students were included to the study. The mean age of the respondents was 20.2±2.6 years. The study finding showed that 61.3% of the participants were discussed on SRH issues with their parents. Educational status of mother [primary education (AOR=3.67; 95%CI=1.93,6.97),secondary education(AOR:2.86;95%CI=1.20,6.80)],educational status of father[primary education (AOR=5.8;95%CI=2.8,12.3,secondary education (AOR=3.21; 95%CI=1.55,6.59)],having family size of <5 (AOR= 6.4; 95%CI= 3.36,12.37) and having boy/girlfriend(AOR=1.99; 95%CI=1.0,3.8) were significantly associated with parent-young people communication. Conclusion About two third of the participants communicate with their parents about SRH issues. Parents’ educational status, family size of <5 and having boy/girlfriend were significantly associated with the parent-young people communication. The main reasons for not communicated was cultural taboos, shame and parents lack of knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to educate and equip students and parents to address the identified problems. Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Communication sexual and reproductive health young population Parent Ethiopia Figures Figure 1 1. Introduction Globally, there are 1.8 billion young people (age10-24 years) and 90% of them live in developing countries(1,2). Young age is a critical stage of rapid biological and psychosocial changes that affect all aspects of life, and it is also an important period to lay the foundations of good health in adulthood (3). Unsafe abortion, early pregnancy, high rates of sexually transmitted infections(STIs), difficulty accessing contraception, cultural factors and socio-economic are some of the challenges faced by young people(4). Each year around the globe sixteen million late adolescent girls give birth, in which 95 percent of them occur in developing countries(5). Young people usually engage in risky sexual behaviors and highly affected by the burden of unwanted pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, STIs and other reproductive ill health due to lack of awareness about risky sexual behaviors (6–8). Globally greater than 60% of young people were living with HIV, and they also account for 58% of newly acquired HIV infections(9). Unplanned and unwanted pregnancy for unmarried young women results in dropout of school, rejection from family and community. The main cause for the above situation is the gap in promoting the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) agenda and young population health is usually ignored area in health priority (10). One of the priorities of the Sustainable Development Goals is improving the SRH of the young population(11). To this end, Ethiopia has also developed a strategy specifically targeting young people (12). However, the problem of SRH among young people remains a challenge(13). Moreover, lack of integration and shortage of young-friendly services are common problems in most developing countries, including our country(4). Parent-young population communication on SRH issues is vital in reducing risky sexual behaviors and negative its consequences (14). It is fundamental process through which parents transmit sexual values, information, beliefs, and expectations to their children with the purpose of influencing sexual behaviours, attitudes and decision-making of their children(15). Parent-young population communication is one potential source of SRH information for young people(16). Evidence revealed that 29% of premarital sex is due to inappropriate parenting (17). The Ethiopian government has established a strategic goal to encourage parental participation, but little is known about parental participation (18) and the role and current status of parent-young population discussions on SRH issues have not been well addressed yet(19). Reasons for not discussing with parents include sociocultural norms, lack of knowledge and parental fear (20). As a result, most of the young people attempts regarding sexual matters is generally misguided by their peer group of the same sex and many teenagers do not have access to reliable information regarding their SRH needs (6,21). According to previous studies, the factors associated with the parent-young people communication about SRH were parental education, adolescent’s age and living arrangements, type of parents, and parents’ SRH knowledge and attitude (20,22,23). As per author’s knowledge there is inadequate evidence about the proportion of parent-young people communication in Ethiopia (24), point prevalence varies among the studies and there is no established evidence at the study area. Moreover, there are inconsistent findings with regard to proportion and factors associated with parent and young people communication on SRH issues. For instance, according to study finding gender had a positive relationship with communication on SRH (22,25) while other studies showed no association(6). Hence, this study was aimed at assessing the proportion and associated factors of parent young communication on SRH among secondary and preparatory school students for risk minimization and better health at the study area. This study will help to provide information regarding the proportion of parent young people communication on SRH and its determinants which helps as an input to design appropriate intervention programs. Furthermore, this study was attempted to generate evidence based information for concerned government bodies and policy makers to consider the situation and to design an appropriate intervention strategy. 2. Methods And Materials 2.1 Study area The study was conducted at Agaro town, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. It is located 45km from Jimma town and 391km from Addis Ababa. There are educational services from kindergarten to university in the town and it has two health centers and one primary hospital. There are 2 secondary and preparatory schools and 4 secondary schools in the town. According to the data obtained from school directors, the school had 2818 total regular secondary and preparatory students during the study period. 2.2 Study period The study was conducted from April 13 to April 20, 2019. 2.3 Study Design A descriptive facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary and preparatory school students at Agaro town. 2.4 Study population The source population comprised of all Agaro secondary and preparatory school students during the academic year of 2019, while the study population comprised all Agaro secondary and preparatory school students who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eligibility criteria Regular students were included in the study, whereas students absent from class on data collection days, sick and married students were excluded. 2.5 Sample size determination The sample size was determined using single population proportion formula considering the following assumptions: P = 28.9% (26), significance level 5% and margin of error 5%. Where n= required sample size Z = Percentiles of the standard normal distribution corresponding to 95 % confidence level assumption Coefficient at level of significance = 1.96 p =28.9% proportion of parent young communication (according to study done in Mizan) d = Margin of error=0.05 Accordingly it gives initial sample size of 317. Since the source population is less than 10,000, (2818), we employed population correction formula for a finite population. Where: n = sample size N = total population (2818) nf=final sample size By taking into consideration 10% non-response rate, the final sample size was 286+28.6= 315. 2.6 Sampling procedure Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. First the sampling frame was prepared by having lists of students from grade 9 to 12 and then the sample population was proportionally assigned to each grade. Proportional allocation was done by allocating sampling proportional to the total population of each unit, using the formula: Where ni =sample size of students from each grade, n=total sample size of students, N=total population of students, and Ni = total population of students at each grade. Finally samples were selected from each class by simple random sampling technique using students’ roster (Figure1). 2.7 Operational definition Parents : in this study mean biological parents, step parents or foster parents but does not include elder siblings(27). Parent-young communication on SRH : Students open discussion on at least two SRH issues (STIs/ HIV/AIDS, condom, sexual intercourse, premarital sex, puberty, menstrual cycle, unwanted pregnancy and contraception) with their parents in the last 12 months initiated by the young population or both(28). Secondary school students : students who were in grade 9 and 10. Preparatory school students : students who were in grade 11 and 12. Regular students : students who were assigned on working day (from Monday to Friday) on regular working hour. Young people: In this study context are peoples who are between 10–24 year olds. Ever got SRH information = in this study context participants who had SRH information on at least two SRH issues during their life time. Residence : In our study context place where students live for at least six months. Ethnicity : nation of the study participant they belongs. 2.8 Data collection instrument Data were collected using pretested, validated, self-administered structured questionnaire which was developed through reviewing different related scientific literatures(6,25,26,29) and it was pre-tested before collecting data to ensure data quality. The data were col­lected by six diploma graduate nurses under the supervision of two supervisors and principal investigator. Data collectors were supervised by two diploma midwives. 2.9 Data quality control Data quality was ensured through standardized data collection materials and the English version questionnaire was translated to local language (Oromic) version for appropriateness and easiness by language experts in both cases. The Oromic version was again translated back to English language to verify the content validity of the original version. Two days of training was given for data collectors about the aim of the study, how to approach the study subjects, sampling procedure and the content of the questionnaire. The questionnaires were pre-tested on 5% of participants at the Jiren secondary and preparatory school one week ahead of actual data collection and further modified based on the results. Continuous follow-up and supervision were made by the two supervisors and principal investigator and collected data were reviewed and checked daily for clarity, completeness and consistency. 2.10 Data entry, processing and analysis The collected data was compiled, reviewed, coded and entered in to Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Data was checked and cleaned for its completeness and errors in coding and entering before analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to compute frequency and a percentage of independent and dependent variables. A logistic regression model was computed to see the association of independent variables and dependent variables. Variables with 𝑝 ≤ 0.25 on bivariable logistic regression were considered as candidates for multivariable regression and P -values of < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant in the multivariable analysis. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were checked and gave a p value of 0.704, indicating evidence of fitness of the model. The variance inflation factor was used to verify the multico-llinearity between the independent variables, and no findings were found. 3. Results 3.1 Socio demographic characteristics of the study population A total of 315 students were included to the study. The mean age of the respondents was 20.2±2.6 years. Regarding religion most of the respondents 263(83.5%) were muslim. One hundred forty one (44.7%) was grade nine students followed by grade ten students who account 105 (33.3%). Most of young students lives with both parents 279(88.6%). Almost half (53.3%) of the participants had ever got SRH information (Table1). Table1 : Socio demographic characteristics of Agaro secondary and preparatory school students and their parents, Agaro town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019. Variables Number Percent Sex Male 150 47.6 Female 165 52.4 Age(years) 15-19 142 45.1 20-24 173 54.9 Grades 9 141 44.7 10 105 33.3 11 49 15.6 12 20 6.4 Ethnicity Oromo 263 83.5 Amhara 29 9.2 Others* 23 7.3 Residence urban 112 35.6 rural 203 64.4 Have boy/girlfriend yes 83 26.3 no 232 73.7 Had ever got SRH information yes 168 53.3 no 147 46.7 Religion Muslim 263 83.5 Orthodox 31 9.8 Others† 21 6.7 Living arrangement of adolescents With both parents 279 88.6 With one parent 17 5.4 With relative 11 3.5 Alone 8 2.5 Marital status of parents Together 295 93.7 Widowed 14 4.4 Divorced 6 1.9 Mother’s educational status Illiterate 91 28.9 Primary school 150 47.6 Secondary school and above 74 23.5 Father's educational status Illiterate 73 23.2 primary school 134 42.5 secondary school and above 108 34.3 Occupation of family House wife 71 22.5 Farmer 108 34.3 Employed 58 18.4 private 64 20.3 Others 14 4.4 Family size <5 175 55.6 ≥5 140 44.4 Estimated family income per month (in birr) <1000 34 18.9 1000-2000 81 45 ≥2000 65 36.1 I don’t know 135 42.9 *Wolayta, Dawuro, Tigre; †retired,unemployed 3.2 Communication on sexual and reproductive health issues Although 92% of the respondents reported that it was important to discuss SRH issues with parents, only 61.3% had communicated with their parents on at least two SRH topics. The major topics discussed among participants were premarital sex (40%) followed puberty (37.8%) (Table 2). Table 2 ; Different SRH issues discussed by secondary and preparatory school students in Agaro town, Southwest Ethiopia,2019 SRH issues discussed Category Male (n,%) Female(n,%) Total (n,%) Important to discuss on SRH issues agree 130(86.7) 160(97) 290(92) neutral 6(4) 2 2.5 disagree 14(9) 3 5.5 Discussion on at least two SRH issues yes 101(67.3) 92(55.7) 193(61.3) no 49(32.7) 73(44.3) 122(38.7) Contraceptive yes 24(16) 38(23) 62(19.7) no 126(84) 127(77) 253(80.3) Menstrual cycle yes 21(14) 46(27.9) 67(21.3) no 129(86) 119(72.1) 248(78.7) STIs/HIV/AIDS yes 45(30) 67(40) 112(35.6) no 105(70) 98(60) 203(64.4) Unwanted pregnancy yes 24(16) 51(30.9) 75(23.8) no 126(84) 114(69.1) 240(76.2) premarital sex yes 39(26) 87(52.3) 126(40) no 111(74) 78(47.3) 189(60) Abortion yes 12(8) 17(10.3) 29(9.3) no 138(92) 148(89.7) 286(90.7) Puberty yes 65(43.3) 54(32.7) 119(37.8) no 85(56.7) 111(67.3) 196(62.2) Sexual intercourse yes 27(18) 18(10.9) 45(14.3) no 123(82) 147(89.1) 270(85.7) Condom yes 21(14) 15(9.1) 36(11.4) no 129(86) 150(90.9) 279(88.6) Only hundred twelve (35.6%) of the students had discussed about STIs/HIV/AIDS because of parents’ lack of knowledge (49.5%) and shame (35.9%). Similarly only 23.8% of the students discussed with their parents about unwanted pregnancy due to shame(46%) and parents lack of (24.8%) (Table 3). Table 3; Reasons for young students for not discussing on SRH issues with their parents in Agaro town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019 Topic of discussion Not discussed (n,%) Reasons for not discussing Shame* Culturally unacceptable* Parents lack knowledge * Parents too busy* Difficult and embar-rassing * Others† Contraceptive 253(80.3) 129(40.9) 84(26.7) 95(30.2) 46(14.6) 54(17.1) 8(2.5) STIs/HIV/AIDS 203(64.4) 113(35.9) 76(24.1) 156(49.5) 37(11.7) 31(9.8) 11(3.4) Unwanted pregnancy 240(76.2) 145(46) 32(10.2) 78(24.8) 27(8.5) 64(20.3) 7(2.2) Premarital sex 189(60) 178(56.5) 57(18.1) 41(13) 19(6) 94(29.8) 13(4.1) Sexual intercourse 270(85.7) 190(60.3) 31(9.8) 51(16.2) 12(3.8) 75(23.8) 15(4.8) Condom 279(88.6) 201(63.8) 74(23.5) 25(7.9) 13(4.1) 87(27.6) 11(3.5) Puberty 196(62.2) 82(26) 11(3.5) 32(10.2) 43(13.7) 18(5.7) 7(2.2) *multiple responses were possible, † Belief that it initiate sex, religious belief, don’t now 3.4Factors associated with parent-young communications on SRH issues Bivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess association between each independent variable and outcome variable. Results of bivariable analysis showed that sex of student, mother education status, father education status, age, having ever got SRH information, having boy/girlfriend, residence, occupation of family and family size show association with parent-young communication. All of them were entered to multivariable analysis to control effect of confounding. The result of multivariable logistic regression model revealed that educational status of biological parents, family size of <5 and having boy/girlfriend were significantly associated with parent adolescent communication. The odds of parent-young communication were 6.4 times [AOR=6.4; 95% CI: 3.36,12.37] higher among students of family size of <5 than their counter parts. The odds of parent-young communication were 1.99 times [AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.3.0,8.0] higher among students who had boy/girlfriend than those who had no boy/girlfriend. Young students, whose mothers had primary education, were 3.67 times more likely to communicate on SRH issues with their parents than those students whose mothers were illiterate (AOR=3.67; 95%CI:1.93-6.97). Similarly, young students whose mothers had secondary education were 2.86 times more likely to communicate on SRH issues with their parents than those students whose mothers were illiterate (AOR=2.86; 95%CI: 1.2,6.8).This study also revealed fathers’ education [primary education (AOR=5.8 95%CI: 2.8,12.3),secondary education (AOR=3.21 95%CI:1.55,6.59)]were significantly associated with parent-young communication after controlling for confounders(Table 4). Table 4; Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis for factors associated with parent-young communication among participants in Agaro town, Ethiopia 2019. Variables category parent- young communication bivariable Analysis multivariable analysis Yes No P- value COR (95%CI) P-value AOR (95%CI) Age(years) 15 -19 82 60 1 1 1 20-24 111 62 .245 1.31[.83,2.1] .911 1[.58,1.81] Mother educational level Illiterate 36 55 1 1 1 1 primary 109 41 0 4[2.3,7] ≤0.001 3.67[1.93,6.97] secondary 48 26 .001 2.8[1.49,5.33] 0.017* 2.86[1.2,6.8] Father educational status illiterate 28 45 1 1 1 1 primary 96 38 < 0.001 4[2.2,7.4] < 0.001* 5.8[2.8,12.3] secondary 69 39 .001 2.8[1.54,5.25] 0.002* 3.2[1.55,6.59] Occupation of family Housewife 40 31 1 1 1 1 farmer 61 47 .985 1[.55,1.84] .613 1.2[.58,2.45] employed 37 21 .391 1.36[.67,2.78] .676 1.19[.52,2.73] Private worker 45 19 .095 1.83[.9,3.74] .108 2[.85,4.77] other† 10 4 .300 1.93[.55,6.76] .955 1[.25,4.3] Sex male 101 49 .036 1.636[1,2.58] .100 2.45[.84,6.89] female 92 73 1 1 1 1 Residence rural 115 88 1 1 1 1 urban 78 34 0.024 1.75[1,2.86] .774 .86[.32,2.34] Family size <5 129 46 < 0.001 3.3[2,5.34] < 0.001* 6.4[3.36,12.37] ≥5 64 76 1 1 1 1 Has boy/girlfriend yes 59 24 .034 1.79[1,3] .041* 1.99[1,3.8] no 134 98 1 1 1 1 Had ever got SRH information yes 110 58 .102 .68[.43,1] .260 .73[.43,1.26] no 83 64 1 1 1 1 * value statistically significant; † retired, unemployed; AOR- Adjusted Odds ratio; COR-Crude odds ratio; 1-reference 4. Discussion This study has attempted to assess the proportion of parent-young communication on SRH issues and its associated factors in Agaro secondary and preparatory school students, Southwest Ethiopia. Although the majority (92%) of participants reported that, it is important to discuss on SRH issues with their parents, only 61.3% (193) [95% CI: 55.6, 66.7] were discussed about SRH issues with their parents. This finding was in line with two independent studies done in Ethiopia, 59.1% in Yergalem, South Ethiopia (29)and 57.6% in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia (30). However, this result was higher than three independent studies done in Ethiopia: 48.5% in Dabat, Northwest Ethiopia (31), 47% in Robe, Southeast Ethiopia(32) and 37% in Dire Dewa, Eastern Ethiopia (6). Those differences might be due to the difference in socio-demographic, cultural difference and accessing sexual reproductive health information. For example, the possible explanation of higher prevalence in our study could be due to home to home, school and mass health education and information by Jimma University health science students during community based team training program every year. In contrast, the finding of the current study was lower than that of a study conducted in Hayik and Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia were 83%(25) and 85 % respectively(33). The possible reason for the difference in our finding and the one from Wolaita Sodo could be due to the difference in the study population, i.e., the study from Wolaita Sodo included only female university students with large sample size who have better information. Similarly in the study conducted in Hayk, more than three-quarters of the participants lived in urban areas with adequate access to reproductive health services, and all participants were from preparatory schools. Moreover, the study from Ghana reported 82.3% (34). The difference might be related to difference in sample size used, sampling technique and culture related to openness related to SRH issues. The major topics discussed among participants were premarital sex,puberty and STIs/HIV/AIDS, while topics like contraception was discussed less among participants. The possible justification might be as majority of the participants (83.5%) were Muslim followers and their religion did not encourage them to use contraception including condoms which might affect their discussion. Thus, we recommend future study supported with qualitative findings to explore on this issue. Regarding challenges for not discussing SRH issues shame, cultural taboos, embarrassments and parents' lack of knowledge were mentioned by the majority of participants. For instance, 76.2% of participants were not discussed regarding unwanted pregnancy due to shame and parents’ lack of knowledge 46% and 24.8% respectively. This was consistent with previous studies (25,27). This might be due to the fact that sexual conversations are deemed a taboo subject in many African communities, including our country. In agreement with earlier studies, in this study educational status of father and mother showed statistical significance with parent adolescent communication about SRH issues (25,35,36). This could be due to educated parents have better access to health service information, improved perceptions of SRH issue and better skill of communication. In the same manner, the study showed that those students whose family size was less than five were more likely to communicate compared to those whose family size was ≥ 5. This result agreed with previous study (37).This result demonstrated that those parents with small family size had better chance of discussing SRH issues with their children. Finally, the present study revealed that there were significant association between parent adolescent’s sexual and reproductive issues and having boy/girlfriend. The possible reason for this association might be students who enter to relationship might raise about SRH issues with each other and they may discuss with their parents for more information. Limitation of the study 1st due to cross-sectional nature of the study, it was difficult to imply cause–effect relationship. 2nd this study was done to assess parent young-people communication were based on young population perceptions, which may not reflect what parents were actually doing. 3rd, since it was based on self-reporting, it might be affected by social desirability bias because of sensitive nature and cultural barrier for open discussion and finally additional qualitative study should be done to explore more on young and parents communication. Conclusion This study showed about two third of young population had discussion on SRH issues with their parents on at least two SRH issues. Educational level of parents, having family size of <5 and having boy/girlfriend were significantly associated with communication. The main reasons for not communicated was cultural taboos, shame and parents lack of knowledge. Thus, it is necessary to educate and equip students and parents to address the identified problems. More research is required to identify barriers especially with regard to parents. Abbreviations AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome SRH: Sexual reproductive health STIs: Sexually transmitted infections HIV: Human immune virus Declarations Financial support No funding was received. Conflicts of Interest The authors of this study declare that have no competing interests . Ethical approval Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Jimma University. A formal letter of cooperation was written to the school administration Agaro District Education Office for permission and support. Consent to participate After ethical approval, the objective of the study was described and oral informed consent was obtained from study participants aged ≥ 18 years and parental informed consent was obtained for those who were aged ≥ 15 years after explaining the purpose of the study. Information was recorded anonymously and confidentiality and beneficence were assured throughout the process. Consent for publication Not applicable Data Availability The data used to support the findings of this study can be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Author contributions Both authors made substantial contributions to conception and acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; took part in drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; agreed to submit to the current journal; gave final approval of the version to be published and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. 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Parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its association with sex and perceptions of young people in Ethiopia, 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Public Health. 2020 Dec;78(1):1-1. Chane T, Cherie N. Parent–adolescent communication about sexual and reproductive health and associated factors among preparatory school students in Haiyk Town, North East Ethiopia. Res Med Eng Sci. 2018;5(2):417-23. Shewasinad S, Alelign Z, Yeshitla K, Bunga G, Negash S. Assessment of Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues among Mizan Secondary and Preparatory School Students with Parents, Mizan Town, Ethiopia, 2016. American Journal of Health Research. 2017 Sep 7;5(5):131-40. Adu-Mireku S. Family communication about HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students in Accra, Ghana. African Health Sciences. 2003;3(1):7-14. Shiferaw K, Getahun F, Asres G. Assessment of adolescents’ communication on sexual and reproductive health matters with parents and associated factors among secondary and preparatory schools’ students in Debremarkos town, North West Ethiopia. Reproductive health. 2014 Dec;11(1):1-0. Yohannes Z, Tsegaye B. Barriers of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues among secondary and preparatory school students in Yirgalem, Town, South Ethiopia. Fam Med Med Sci Res. 2015;4(181):2. Yowhanes Z, Berhe H, Hailu D. Assessment of parent-adolescent communication about sexual and reproductive health among high school students in mekelle town, Northern Ethiopia. Global Journal of Medical Research. 2016;16(2-E). Dagnachew Adam N, Demissie GD, Gelagay AA. Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors among Preparatory and Secondary School Students of Dabat Town, Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2020 Jul 25;2020. Habte NM, Melku AT, Alemayehu MT. Parent-adolescent Communication On Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters and Associated Factors Among Secondary and Preparatory School Students in Robe Town, Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia, 2017. Journal of Public Health International. 2019 Jul 9;1(4):1. Tsegay M. Assessment of sexual and reproductive health communication practice and associated factors among female undergraduate students of Wolaita Sodo University, Southern Ethiopia (Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University). Manu AA, Mba CJ, Asare GQ, Odoi-Agyarko K, Asante RK. Parent–child communication about sexual and reproductive health: evidence from the Brong Ahafo region, Ghana. Reproductive Health. 2015 Dec 1;12(1):16 Musa OI, Akande TM, Salaudeen AG, Soladoye OM. Family communication on HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in a northern state of Nigeria. African Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008 Sep 23;2(1):46-50. Fanta M, Lemma S, Sagaro GG, Meskele M. Factors associated with adolescent–parent communication of reproductive health issues among high school and preparatory students in Boditi town, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Patient Intelligence. 2016 Oct 14;8:57-70. Mekie M, Taklual W, Melkie A, Addisu D. Parental communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its associated factors among preparatory school students in Debre Tabor, Northcentral Ethiopia: institution based cross-sectional study. BMC research notes. 2019 Dec 1;12(1):598. Supplementary Files Plains.docx ResponseletterWw.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Jan, 2023 Read the published version in Reproductive Health → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Jul, 2022 Reviews received at journal 11 Jan, 2022 Reviewers invited by journal 31 Oct, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 04 Jul, 2021 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Jul, 2021 Editor invited by journal 04 Jul, 2021 First submitted to journal 01 Jul, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-678931","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":38442074,"identity":"118d4426-045b-4419-9a52-7d8dbb88cf87","order_by":0,"name":"Daba Abdissa","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCGwwMzECKmR/ESSggQQu7ZANIiwEJWvgNDoB4xGjhu9388HNBjZ208fnViR8eGDDI84sdwK9F8s4xY+kZx5KNzW683SwBdJjhzNkJ+LUY3EgwkOZhY042u3F2A0hLgsFtglrSP//m+Vdfv3nG2c0/iNSSYybN23aY2YC/dxtxtkjeyCmzntl3nFniBu82iwQDCcJ+4buRvvl2wbdqZv7+s5tv/qiwkeeXJqAFASTAKiWIVQ4C/AdIUT0KRsEoGAUjCQAA6ExGAvBapywAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-7450","institution":"Jimma University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daba","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdissa","suffix":""},{"id":38442075,"identity":"6af71497-95bc-42bd-9848-02097d9f240e","order_by":1,"name":"Workitu Sileshi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jimma Institute of Health Sciences: Jimma University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Workitu","middleName":"","lastName":"Sileshi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-07-02 16:59:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-678931/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-678931/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01553-0","type":"published","date":"2023-01-06T18:14:29+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":11387960,"identity":"5d88064d-47f8-4704-a65c-d0f484e73bdf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-07-12 18:35:22","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":131578,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Schematic diagram representation of sampling procedure for selecting participants at Agaro secondary and preparatory school, Southwest Ethiopia 2021.","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-678931/v1/55901fb5f05fd578d3db89d5.jpg"},{"id":44715937,"identity":"7ab27240-d4aa-4701-8da9-431e63612ad8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-10-16 18:20:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":540353,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-678931/v1/d754807a-d08d-478b-b436-81d2f40cb6e0.pdf"},{"id":11387961,"identity":"29b9c209-a97f-464f-bda5-2ffd2993bb6f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-07-12 18:35:23","extension":"docx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14105,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Plains.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-678931/v1/f1635b9aa99cbdbe283ff358.docx"},{"id":11387962,"identity":"921fbe00-3e86-4e86-acc6-5bb9906f6261","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-07-12 18:35:23","extension":"docx","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":27191,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ResponseletterWw.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-678931/v1/2db020c01b6a51b82fbf9d05.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eParent-Young People Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors Among Students in Agaro Town, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eGlobally, there are 1.8\u0026nbsp;billion young people (age10-24 years) and 90% of them live in developing countries(1,2). Young age is a critical stage of rapid biological and psychosocial changes that affect all aspects of life, and it is also an important period to lay the foundations of good health in adulthood (3). Unsafe abortion, early pregnancy, high rates of sexually transmitted infections(STIs), difficulty accessing contraception, cultural factors and socio-economic are some of the challenges faced by young people(4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach year around the globe sixteen million late adolescent girls give birth, in which 95 percent of them occur in developing countries(5). Young people usually engage in risky sexual behaviors and highly affected by the burden of unwanted pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, STIs and other reproductive ill health due to lack of awareness about risky sexual behaviors (6\u0026ndash;8). Globally greater than 60% of young people were living with HIV, and they also account for 58% of newly acquired HIV infections(9). Unplanned and unwanted pregnancy for unmarried young women results in dropout of school, rejection from family and community. The main cause for the above situation is the gap in promoting the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) agenda and young population health is usually ignored area in health priority (10).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the priorities of the Sustainable Development Goals is improving the SRH of the young population(11). To this end, Ethiopia has also developed a strategy specifically targeting young people (12). However, the problem of SRH among young people remains a challenge(13). Moreover, lack of integration and shortage of young-friendly services are common problems in most developing countries, including our country(4).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParent-young population communication on SRH issues is vital in reducing risky sexual behaviors and negative its consequences (14). It is fundamental process through which parents transmit sexual values, information, beliefs, and expectations to their children with the purpose of influencing sexual behaviours, attitudes and decision-making of their children(15). Parent-young population communication is one potential source of SRH information for young people(16). Evidence revealed that 29% of premarital sex is due to inappropriate parenting (17). The Ethiopian government has established a strategic goal to encourage parental participation, but little is known about parental participation (18) and the role and current status of parent-young population discussions on SRH issues have not been well addressed yet(19).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReasons for not discussing with parents include sociocultural norms, lack of knowledge and parental fear (20). As a result, most of the young people attempts regarding sexual matters is generally misguided by their peer group of the same sex and many teenagers do not have access to reliable information regarding their SRH needs (6,21). According to previous studies, the factors associated with the parent-young people communication about SRH were parental education, adolescent\u0026rsquo;s age and living arrangements, type of parents, and parents\u0026rsquo; SRH knowledge and attitude (20,22,23).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs per author\u0026rsquo;s knowledge there is inadequate evidence about the proportion of parent-young people communication in Ethiopia (24), point prevalence varies among the studies and there is no established evidence at the study area. Moreover, there are inconsistent findings with regard to proportion and factors associated with parent and young people communication on SRH issues. For instance, according to study finding gender had a positive relationship with communication on SRH (22,25) while other studies showed no association(6).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHence, this study was aimed at assessing the proportion and associated factors of parent young communication on SRH among secondary and preparatory school students for risk minimization and better health at the study area. This study will help to provide information regarding the proportion of parent young people communication on SRH and its determinants which helps as an input to design appropriate intervention programs. Furthermore, this study was attempted to generate evidence based information for concerned government bodies and policy makers to consider the situation and to design an appropriate intervention strategy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methods And Materials","content":"\u003cp\u003e2.1 Study area\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted at Agaro town, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. It is located 45km from Jimma town and 391km from Addis Ababa. There are educational services from kindergarten to university in the town and it has two health centers and one primary hospital. There are 2 secondary and preparatory schools and 4 secondary schools in the town. According to the data obtained from school directors, the school had 2818 total regular secondary and preparatory students during the study period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.2 Study period\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted from April 13 to April 20, 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2.3 Study Design\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA descriptive facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary and preparatory school students at Agaro town.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.4 Study population\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe source population comprised of all Agaro secondary and preparatory school students during the academic year of 2019, while the study population comprised all Agaro secondary and preparatory school students who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEligibility criteria\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegular students were included in the study, whereas students absent from class on data collection days, sick and married students were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.5 Sample size determination\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample size was determined using single population proportion formula considering the following assumptions: P = 28.9% (26), significance level 5% and margin of error 5%.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/69515_16346c490bab499e/69515_custom_files/img1626077842.png\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere n= required sample size\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ = Percentiles of the standard normal distribution corresponding to 95 % confidence level assumption\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/69515_16346c490bab499e/69515_custom_files/img1626077876.png\"\u003eCoefficient at level of significance = 1.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ep =28.9% proportion of parent young communication (according to study done in Mizan)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ed = Margin of error=0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccordingly it gives initial sample size of 317. Since the source population is less than 10,000, (2818), we employed population correction formula for a finite population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/69515_16346c490bab499e/69515_custom_files/img1626077910.png\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWhere:\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003en = sample size\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN = total population (2818)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003enf=final sample size\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy taking into consideration 10% non-response rate, the final sample size was 286+28.6= 315.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.6 Sampling procedure\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStratified random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. First the sampling frame was prepared by having lists of students from grade 9 to 12 and then the sample population was proportionally assigned to each grade. Proportional allocation was done by allocating sampling proportional to the total population of each unit, using the formula:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/69515_16346c490bab499e/69515_custom_files/img1626077936.png\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere ni =sample size of students from each grade, n=total sample size of students, N=total population of students, and Ni = total population of students at each grade. Finally samples were selected from each class by simple random sampling technique using students\u0026rsquo; roster (Figure1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.7 Operational definition\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParents\u003c/strong\u003e: in this study mean biological parents, step parents or foster parents but does not include elder siblings(27).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParent-young communication on SRH\u003c/strong\u003e: \u0026nbsp;Students open discussion on at least two SRH issues (STIs/ HIV/AIDS, condom, sexual intercourse, premarital sex, puberty, menstrual cycle, unwanted pregnancy and contraception) with their parents in the last 12 months initiated by the young population or both(28).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecondary school students\u003c/strong\u003e: students who were in grade 9 and 10.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreparatory school students\u003c/strong\u003e: students who were in grade 11 and 12.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRegular students\u003c/strong\u003e: students who were assigned on working day (from Monday to Friday) on regular working hour.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoung people: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eIn this study context are peoples who are between 10\u0026ndash;24 year olds.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEver got SRH information\u003c/strong\u003e = in this study context participants who had SRH information on at least two SRH issues during their life time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResidence\u003c/strong\u003e: In our study context place where students live for at least six months.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicity\u003c/strong\u003e: nation of the study participant they belongs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.8 Data collection instrument\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData were collected using pretested, validated, self-administered structured questionnaire which was developed through reviewing different related scientific literatures(6,25,26,29) and it was pre-tested before collecting data to ensure data quality. The data were col\u0026shy;lected by six diploma graduate nurses under the supervision of two supervisors and principal investigator. Data collectors were supervised by two diploma midwives.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.9 Data quality control\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData quality was ensured through standardized data collection materials and the English version questionnaire was translated to local language (Oromic) version for appropriateness and easiness by language experts in both cases. The Oromic version was again translated back to English language to verify the content validity of the original version.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTwo days of training was given for data collectors about the aim of the study,\u0026nbsp;how to approach the study subjects, sampling procedure and the content of the questionnaire. The questionnaires were pre-tested on 5% of participants at the Jiren secondary and preparatory school one week ahead of actual data collection and further modified based on the results. Continuous follow-up and supervision were made by the two supervisors and principal investigator and collected data were reviewed and checked daily for clarity, completeness and consistency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.10 Data entry, processing and analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe collected data was compiled, reviewed, coded and entered in to Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Data was checked and cleaned for its completeness and errors in coding and entering before analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to compute frequency and a percentage of independent and dependent variables. A logistic regression model was computed to see the association of independent variables and dependent variables.\u0026nbsp;Variables with\u0026nbsp;𝑝\u0026nbsp;\u0026le; 0.25 on bivariable logistic regression were considered as candidates for multivariable regression\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eand\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e-values of \u0026lt; 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant in the multivariable analysis. \u0026nbsp;Crude and adjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were checked and gave a \u003cem\u003ep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003evalue of 0.704, indicating evidence of fitness of the model. The variance inflation factor was used to verify the multico-llinearity between the independent variables, and no findings were found.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003ch2\u003e3.1 Socio demographic characteristics of the study population\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 315 students were included to the study.\u0026nbsp;The mean age of the respondents was 20.2\u0026plusmn;2.6 years. Regarding religion most of the respondents 263(83.5%) were muslim.\u0026nbsp;One hundred forty one (44.7%) was grade nine students followed by grade ten students who account 105 (33.3%). Most of young students lives with both parents 279(88.6%). Almost half (53.3%) of the participants had ever got SRH information (Table1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable1\u003c/strong\u003e: Socio demographic characteristics of Agaro secondary and preparatory school students and their parents, Agaro town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"29.984301412872842%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Sex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Age(years)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15-19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e173\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Grades\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Ethnicity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOromo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e263\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmhara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eurban\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003erural\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.4\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHave boy/girlfriend\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e232\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.7\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHad ever got SRH information\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.3\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e263\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthodox\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u0026dagger;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLiving arrangement of adolescents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith both parents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e279\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith one parent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWith relative\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital status of parents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTogether\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e295\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWidowed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorced\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMother\u0026rsquo;s educational status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIlliterate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.6\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary school and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.5\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFather\u0026apos;s educational status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIlliterate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.2\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eprimary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.5\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esecondary school and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.3\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOccupation of family\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouse wife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.5\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFarmer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.4\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eprivate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.4\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamily size\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.4\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.16954474097331%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEstimated family income per month (in birr)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.814756671899529%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;1000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"35.32182103610675%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"34.69387755102041%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1000-2000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;2000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.47940074906367%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"42.13483146067416%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"41.38576779026217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*Wolayta, Dawuro, Tigre; \u0026dagger;retired,unemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.2 Communication on sexual and reproductive health issues\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough 92% of the respondents reported that it was important to discuss SRH issues with parents, only 61.3% had communicated with their parents on at least two SRH topics. The major topics discussed among participants were premarital sex (40%) followed puberty (37.8%) (Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2\u003c/strong\u003e; Different SRH issues discussed by secondary and preparatory school students in Agaro town, Southwest Ethiopia,2019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSRH issues discussed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale (n,%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale(n,%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal (n,%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImportant to \u0026nbsp;discuss on SRH issues\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130(86.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160(97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e290(92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eneutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14(9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiscussion on at least two SRH issues\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101(67.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92(55.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e193(61.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;no\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49(32.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73(44.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122(38.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContraceptive\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24(16)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38(23)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62(19.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;no\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126(84)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127(77)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e253(80.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMenstrual cycle\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;21(14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46(27.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67(21.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;no\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129(86)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119(72.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e248(78.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSTIs/HIV/AIDS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45(30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67(40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112(35.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105(70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98(60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203(64.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnwanted pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24(16)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51(30.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75(23.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126(84)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114(69.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240(76.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epremarital sex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39(26)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87(52.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126(40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111(74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78(47.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e189(60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbortion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(10.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29(9.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138(92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148(89.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e286(90.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePuberty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65(43.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54(32.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119(37.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85(56.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111(67.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e196(62.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSexual intercourse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27(18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45(14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123(82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e147(89.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270(85.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"22.60596546310832%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCondom\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.657770800627944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.524332810047095%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21(14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.64050235478807%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(9.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"28.571428571428573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36(11.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.647058823529413%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.935091277890468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129(86)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21.50101419878296%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150(90.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"36.91683569979716%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e279(88.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOnly hundred twelve (35.6%) of the students had discussed about STIs/HIV/AIDS because of parents\u0026rsquo; lack of knowledge (49.5%) and shame (35.9%). Similarly only 23.8% of the students discussed with their parents about unwanted pregnancy due to shame(46%) and parents lack of (24.8%) (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3;\u003c/strong\u003e Reasons for young \u0026nbsp;students for not discussing on SRH issues with their parents in Agaro town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable align=\"left\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTopic of discussion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNot discussed (n,%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"71.16736990154712%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReasons for not discussing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.15748031496063%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShame*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.866141732283463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCulturally unacceptable*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.30708661417323%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParents lack knowledge\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.748031496062993%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParents too busy*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.748031496062993%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficult and embar-rassing *\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.173228346456693%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u0026dagger;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.67180925666199%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContraceptive\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.079943899018232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e253(80.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.799438990182328%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129(40.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.866760168302946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84(26.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.043478260869565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95(30.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46(14.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54(17.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.098176718092567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.67180925666199%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSTIs/HIV/AIDS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.079943899018232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203(64.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.799438990182328%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113(35.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.866760168302946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76(24.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.043478260869565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156(49.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37(11.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(9.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.098176718092567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.67180925666199%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnwanted pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.079943899018232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240(76.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.799438990182328%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145(46)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.866760168302946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32(10.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.043478260869565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78(24.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27(8.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64(20.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.098176718092567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.67180925666199%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePremarital sex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.079943899018232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e189(60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.799438990182328%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178(56.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.866760168302946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57(18.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.043478260869565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41(13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19(6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94(29.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.098176718092567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(4.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.67180925666199%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSexual intercourse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.079943899018232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270(85.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.799438990182328%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190(60.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.866760168302946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(9.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.043478260869565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51(16.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(3.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75(23.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.098176718092567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(4.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.67180925666199%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Condom\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.079943899018232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e279(88.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.799438990182328%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e201(63.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.866760168302946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74(23.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.043478260869565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25(7.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(4.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87(27.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.098176718092567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.67180925666199%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePuberty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.079943899018232%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e196(62.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.799438990182328%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82(26)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.866760168302946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.043478260869565%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32(10.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(13.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.220196353436185%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(5.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.098176718092567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*multiple responses were possible,\u0026nbsp;\u0026dagger; Belief that it initiate sex, religious belief, don\u0026rsquo;t now\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.4Factors associated with parent-young communications on SRH issues\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess association between each independent variable and outcome variable. Results of bivariable analysis showed that sex of student, mother education status, father education status, age, having ever got SRH information, having boy/girlfriend, residence, occupation of family and family size show association with parent-young communication. All of them were entered to multivariable analysis to control effect of confounding. The result of multivariable logistic regression model revealed that educational status of biological parents, family size of \u0026lt;5 and having boy/girlfriend were significantly associated with parent adolescent communication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe odds of parent-young communication were 6.4 times [AOR=6.4; 95% CI: 3.36,12.37] higher among students of family size\u0026nbsp;of \u0026lt;5\u0026nbsp;than their counter parts.\u0026nbsp;The odds of parent-young communication were 1.99 times [AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.3.0,8.0] higher among students who had boy/girlfriend than those who had no boy/girlfriend.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYoung students, whose mothers had primary education, were 3.67 times more likely to communicate on SRH issues with their parents than those students whose mothers were illiterate (AOR=3.67; 95%CI:1.93-6.97). Similarly, young students whose mothers had secondary education were 2.86 times more likely to communicate on SRH issues with their parents than those students whose mothers were illiterate (AOR=2.86; 95%CI: 1.2,6.8).This study also revealed fathers\u0026rsquo; education\u0026nbsp;[primary education (AOR=5.8 95%CI: 2.8,12.3),secondary education (AOR=3.21 95%CI:1.55,6.59)]were significantly associated with parent-young communication after controlling for confounders(Table 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eBivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis for factors associated with parent-young communication among participants in Agaro town, Ethiopia 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.2406015037594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"12.781954887218046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecategory\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"18.345864661654137%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eparent- young\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecommunication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26.165413533834588%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; bivariable Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"26.466165413533833%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003emultivariable analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.067653276955603%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.936575052854122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.10782241014799%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP- value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.67864693446089%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCOR (95%CI)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.31923890063425%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"23.890063424947147%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAOR (95%CI)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.216216216216218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge(years)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.762762762762764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 -19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.411411411411411%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.057057057057057%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.30930930930931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.816816816816818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.45945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.966966966966968%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.31[.83,2.1]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.911\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1[.58,1.81]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.216216216216218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMother educational level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.762762762762764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIlliterate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.411411411411411%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.057057057057057%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.30930930930931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.816816816816818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.45945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.966966966966968%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eprimary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4[2.3,7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.67[1.93,6.97]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esecondary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8[1.49,5.33]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.017*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.86[1.2,6.8]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.216216216216218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFather educational status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.762762762762764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eilliterate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.411411411411411%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.057057057057057%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.30930930930931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.816816816816818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.45945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.966966966966968%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eprimary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4[2.2,7.4]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8[2.8,12.3]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esecondary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8[1.54,5.25]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2[1.55,6.59]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.216216216216218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOccupation of family\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.762762762762764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousewife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.411411411411411%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.057057057057057%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.30930930930931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.816816816816818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.45945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.966966966966968%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efarmer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.985\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1[.55,1.84]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.613\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2[.58,2.45]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.391\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.36[.67,2.78]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.676\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.19[.52,2.73]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate worker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.095\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.83[.9,3.74]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2[.85,4.77]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eother\u0026dagger;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.300\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.93[.55,6.76]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.955\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1[.25,4.3]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.216216216216218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.762762762762764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.411411411411411%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.057057057057057%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.30930930930931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.816816816816818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.636[1,2.58]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.45945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.966966966966968%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.45[.84,6.89]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.216216216216218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.762762762762764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003erural\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.411411411411411%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.057057057057057%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.30930930930931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.816816816816818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.45945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.966966966966968%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eurban\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75[1,2.86]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.774\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.86[.32,2.34]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.216216216216218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamily size\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.762762762762764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.411411411411411%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.057057057057057%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.30930930930931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/u\u003e 0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.816816816816818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.3[2,5.34]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.45945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/u\u003e0.001*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.966966966966968%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4[3.36,12.37]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.216216216216218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHas boy/girlfriend\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.762762762762764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.411411411411411%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.057057057057057%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.30930930930931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.816816816816818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.79[1,3]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.45945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.041*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.966966966966968%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.99[1,3.8]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"16.216216216216218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHad ever got SRH information\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.762762762762764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.411411411411411%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.057057057057057%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.30930930930931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.816816816816818%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.68[.43,1]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.45945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.260\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.966966966966968%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.73[.43,1.26]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.232974910394265%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13.620071684587813%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.422939068100359%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.11111111111111%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.07168458781362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.290322580645162%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"20.25089605734767%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e value statistically significant; \u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003eretired, unemployed; AOR- Adjusted Odds ratio; COR-Crude odds ratio; 1-reference\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study has attempted to assess the proportion of parent-young communication on SRH issues and its associated factors in Agaro secondary and preparatory school students, Southwest Ethiopia. Although the majority (92%) of participants reported that, it is important to discuss on SRH issues with their parents, only 61.3% (193) [95% CI: 55.6, 66.7] were discussed about SRH issues with their parents. This finding was in line with two independent studies done in Ethiopia, 59.1% in Yergalem, South Ethiopia (29)and 57.6% in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia (30). However, this result was higher than three independent studies done in Ethiopia: 48.5% in Dabat, Northwest Ethiopia (31), 47% in Robe, Southeast Ethiopia(32) and 37% in Dire Dewa, Eastern Ethiopia (6). Those differences might be due to the difference in socio-demographic, cultural difference and accessing sexual reproductive health information. For example, the possible explanation of higher prevalence in our study could be due to home to home, school and mass health education and information by Jimma University health science students during community based team training program every year.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn contrast, the finding of the current study was lower than that of a study conducted in Hayik and Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia were 83%(25) and 85 % respectively(33). The possible reason for the difference in our finding and the one from Wolaita Sodo could be due to the difference in the study population, i.e., the study from Wolaita Sodo included only female university students with large sample size who have better information. Similarly in the study conducted in Hayk, more than three-quarters of the participants lived in urban areas with adequate access to reproductive health services, and all participants were from preparatory schools. Moreover, the study from Ghana reported 82.3% (34). The difference might be related to difference in sample size used, sampling technique and culture related to openness related to SRH issues.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe major topics discussed among participants were premarital sex,puberty and STIs/HIV/AIDS, while topics like contraception was discussed less among participants. The possible justification might be as majority of the participants (83.5%) were Muslim followers and their religion did not encourage them to use contraception including condoms which might affect their discussion. Thus, we recommend future study supported with qualitative findings to explore on this issue.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding challenges for not discussing SRH issues shame, cultural taboos, embarrassments and parents' lack of knowledge were mentioned by the majority of participants. For instance, 76.2% of participants were not discussed regarding unwanted pregnancy due to shame and parents\u0026rsquo; lack of knowledge 46% and 24.8% respectively. This was consistent with previous studies (25,27). This might be due to the fact that sexual conversations are deemed a taboo subject in many African communities, including our country.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn agreement with earlier studies, in this study educational status of father and mother showed statistical significance with parent adolescent communication about SRH issues (25,35,36). This could be due to educated parents have better access to health service information, improved perceptions of SRH issue and better skill of communication.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the same manner, the study showed that those students whose family size was less than five were more likely to communicate compared to those whose family size was \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;5. This result agreed with previous study (37).This result demonstrated that those parents with small family size had better chance of discussing SRH issues with their children. Finally, the present study revealed that there were significant association between parent adolescent\u0026rsquo;s sexual and reproductive issues and having boy/girlfriend. The possible reason for this association might be students who enter to relationship might raise about SRH issues with each other and they may discuss with their parents for more information.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eLimitation of the study\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1st due to cross-sectional nature of the study, it was difficult to imply cause\u0026ndash;effect relationship. 2nd this study was done to assess parent young-people communication were based on young population perceptions, which may not reflect what parents were actually doing. 3rd, since it was based on self-reporting, it might be affected by social desirability bias because of sensitive nature and cultural barrier for open discussion and finally additional qualitative study should be done to explore more on young and parents communication.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study showed about two third of young population had discussion on SRH issues with their parents on at least two SRH issues. Educational level of parents, having family size of \u0026lt;5 and having boy/girlfriend were significantly associated with communication. The main reasons for not communicated was cultural taboos, shame and parents lack of knowledge. Thus, it is necessary to educate and equip students and parents to address the identified problems. More research is required to identify barriers especially with regard to parents.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSRH: Sexual reproductive health\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSTIs: Sexually transmitted infections\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHIV: Human immune virus\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinancial support\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors of this study declare that have no competing interests\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Jimma University. A formal letter of cooperation was written to the school administration Agaro District Education Office for permission and support.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter ethical approval, the objective of the study was described and oral informed consent was obtained from study participants aged \u0026ge; 18 years and\u0026nbsp;parental informed consent was obtained\u0026nbsp;for those who were aged \u0026ge; 15 years after explaining the purpose of the study. Information was recorded anonymously and confidentiality and beneficence were assured throughout the process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data used to support the findings of this study can be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth authors made substantial contributions to conception and acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; took part in drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; agreed to submit to the current journal; gave final approval of the version to be published and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe want to acknowledge our study participants and data collectors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col start=\"1\" type=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization. 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BMJ global health. 2018 May 1;3(2).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGA U. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Division for Sustainable Development Goals: New York. 2015.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNational Adolescent and Youth Health Strategy of Ethiopia. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health. 2016.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia(FDROE), Ministry of Health (MOH). National adolescent and youth Reproductive Health Strategy (2007-2015)\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://extranet.who.int/countryplanningcycles/sites/default/files/planning_cycle_repository/ethiopia/ayrh_strategy.pdf\"\u003ehttps://extranet.who.int/countryplanningcycles/sites/default/files/planning_cycle_repository/ethiopia/ayrh_strategy.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYang H, Stanton B, Li X, Cottrel L, Galbraith J, Kaljee L. Dynamic association between parental monitoring and communication and adolescent risk involvement among African-American adolescents. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2007 May;99(5):517.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJerman P, Constantine NA. Demographic and psychological predictors of parent\u0026ndash;adolescent communication about sex: A representative statewide analysis. Journal of youth and adolescence. 2010 Oct 1;39(10):1164-74.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eUnited Nations Population Fund \u0026nbsp;Global sexual and reproductive health package for men and adolescent boys.2017\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFajar NA, Etrawati F, Lionita W. Determinant of Parents Role in Adolescent Premarital Sex Behavior: An Applicative Model. 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Available from \u003ca href=\"https://www.exemplars.health/-/media/files/egh/resources/underfive-mortality/ethiopia/ethiopia-fmoh_national-reproductive-health-strategy.pdf?la=en\"\u003ehttps://www.exemplars.health/-/media/files/egh/resources/underfive-mortality/ethiopia/ethiopia-fmoh_national-reproductive-health-strategy.pdf?la=en\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYadeta TA, Bedane HK, Tura AK. Factors affecting parent-adolescent discussion on reproductive health issues in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Journal of environmental and public health. 2014 May 29;2014.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAyehu A, Kassaw T, Hailu G. Young people\u0026rsquo;s parental discussion about sexual and reproductive health issues and its associated factors in Awabel woreda, Northwest Ethiopia. Reproductive health. 2016 Dec 1;13(1):19.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTesso DW, Fantahun MA, Enquselassie F. Parent-young people communication about sexual and reproductive health in E/Wollega zone, West Ethiopia: Implications for interventions. Reproductive health. 2012 Dec 1;9(1):13.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMelaku YA, Berhane Y, Kinsman J, Reda HL. Sexual and reproductive health communication and awareness of contraceptive methods among secondary school female students, northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health. 2014 Dec 1;14(1):252.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYalew M, Adane B, Kefale B, Damtie Y, Arefaynie M, Wedajo S, Bitew A, Wasihun Y. Parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its association with sex and perceptions of young people in Ethiopia, 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Public Health. 2020 Dec;78(1):1-1.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eChane T, Cherie N. Parent\u0026ndash;adolescent communication about sexual and reproductive health and associated factors among preparatory school students in Haiyk Town, North East Ethiopia. Res Med Eng Sci. 2018;5(2):417-23.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShewasinad S, Alelign Z, Yeshitla K, Bunga G, Negash S. Assessment of Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues among Mizan Secondary and Preparatory School Students with Parents, Mizan Town, Ethiopia, 2016. American Journal of Health Research. 2017 Sep 7;5(5):131-40.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAdu-Mireku S. Family communication about HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students in Accra, Ghana. African Health Sciences. 2003;3(1):7-14.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShiferaw K, Getahun F, Asres G. Assessment of adolescents\u0026rsquo; communication on sexual and reproductive health matters with parents and associated factors among secondary and preparatory schools\u0026rsquo; students in Debremarkos town, North West Ethiopia. Reproductive health. 2014 Dec;11(1):1-0.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYohannes Z, Tsegaye B. Barriers of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues among secondary and preparatory school students in Yirgalem, Town, South Ethiopia. Fam Med Med Sci Res. 2015;4(181):2.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYowhanes Z, Berhe H, Hailu D. Assessment of parent-adolescent communication about sexual and reproductive health among high school students in mekelle town, Northern Ethiopia. Global Journal of Medical Research. 2016;16(2-E).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDagnachew Adam N, Demissie GD, Gelagay AA. Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors among Preparatory and Secondary School Students of Dabat Town, Northwest Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2020 Jul 25;2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHabte NM, Melku AT, Alemayehu MT. Parent-adolescent Communication On Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters and Associated Factors Among Secondary and Preparatory School Students in Robe Town, Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia, 2017. Journal of Public Health International. 2019 Jul 9;1(4):1.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTsegay M. Assessment of sexual and reproductive health communication practice and associated factors among female undergraduate students of Wolaita Sodo University, Southern Ethiopia (Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eManu AA, Mba CJ, Asare GQ, Odoi-Agyarko K, Asante RK. Parent\u0026ndash;child communication about sexual and reproductive health: evidence from the Brong Ahafo region, Ghana. Reproductive Health. 2015 Dec 1;12(1):16\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMusa OI, Akande TM, Salaudeen AG, Soladoye OM. Family communication on HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in a northern state of Nigeria. African Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008 Sep 23;2(1):46-50.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFanta M, Lemma S, Sagaro GG, Meskele M. Factors associated with adolescent\u0026ndash;parent communication of reproductive health issues among high school and preparatory students in Boditi town, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Patient Intelligence. 2016 Oct 14;8:57-70.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMekie M, Taklual W, Melkie A, Addisu D. Parental communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its associated factors among preparatory school students in Debre Tabor, Northcentral Ethiopia: institution based cross-sectional study. BMC research notes. 2019 Dec 1;12(1):598.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"reproductive-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"reph","sideBox":"Learn more about [Reproductive Health](http://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"12978","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12978/3","title":"Reproductive Health","twitterHandle":"@Reprod_Health","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Communication, sexual and reproductive health, young population, Parent, Ethiopia","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-678931/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-678931/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSexual and reproductive health (SRH) is at the base of young people's living and wellbeing.\u0026nbsp;A significant number of young peoples are affected by avoidable SRH problems due to a lack of appropriate knowledge regarding SRH. Parent-young communication on SRH is critical in informing them about risk and protective behaviors which in turn decrease the likelihood of involvement in risky sexual behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the parent-young communication on SRH issues among secondary and preparatory school students at Agaro town, Southwestern Ethiopia. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethods\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSchool based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 13 to April 20, 2019 using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire entered into Epi data version 3.1; and analyzed using SPSS version 20. A variable having a p-value of \u0026lt;0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression model was subjected to multivariable logistic regression analysis to avoid the confounding variable’s effect. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated at the 95% confidence interval and considered significant with a p-value of \u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA total of 315 students were included to the study. The mean age of the respondents was 20.2±2.6 years. The study finding showed that 61.3% of the participants were discussed on SRH issues with their parents. Educational status of mother [primary education (AOR=3.67; 95%CI=1.93,6.97),secondary education(AOR:2.86;95%CI=1.20,6.80)],educational status of father[primary education (AOR=5.8;95%CI=2.8,12.3,secondary education (AOR=3.21; 95%CI=1.55,6.59)],having family size of \u0026lt;5 (AOR= 6.4; 95%CI= 3.36,12.37) and having boy/girlfriend(AOR=1.99; 95%CI=1.0,3.8) were significantly associated with parent-young people \u0026nbsp;communication.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConclusion\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbout two third of the participants communicate with their parents about SRH issues. Parents’ educational status, family size of \u0026lt;5 and having boy/girlfriend were significantly associated with the parent-young people communication. The main reasons for not communicated was cultural taboos, shame and parents lack of knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to educate and equip students and parents to address the identified problems.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Parent-Young People Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors Among Students in Agaro Town, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-07-12 18:35:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-678931/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2022-07-04T22:16:40+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2022-01-11T16:06:05+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-10-31T18:05:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2021-07-04T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2021-07-04T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Reproductive Health","date":"2021-07-01T09:35:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"reproductive-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"reph","sideBox":"Learn more about [Reproductive Health](http://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"12978","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12978/3","title":"Reproductive Health","twitterHandle":"@Reprod_Health","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d9c680df-0930-4c27-bb7b-4a9c8a779511","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 12th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":5640971,"name":"Sexual \u0026 Reproductive Medicine"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-10-16T18:16:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-678931","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01553-0","journal":{"identity":"reproductive-health","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Reproductive Health"},"publishedOn":"2023-01-06 18:14:29","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 6th, 2023"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-07-12 18:35:21","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12978-022-01553-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01553-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-678931","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-678931","identity":"rs-678931","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"GqpaHPwrfC8PjnIFayRh5","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}