Evaluating Salinity Effects on Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency in Marine Environments

Evaluating Salinity Effects on Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency in Marine Environments | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluating Salinity Effects on Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency in Marine Environments Atsuya Mizota, Taisei Furuhashi, Hiriyuki Tanaka, Haruki Sugino, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6232846/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are used to survey undersea resources in seawater. Research is underway to integrate wireless power transmission capabilities into AUVs, where the freedom of not being tethered by a wire enhances their operational efficiency. However, seawater has varying salinity and electrical conductivity, which can affect power transmission efficiency. This paper investigates the influence of salinity on a wireless power transmission system in seawater operating at a frequency of 85 [kHz]. To investigate the power transmission in experiments, a single-wire solenoid coil with waterproofing is designed. Experimental results show that increased salinity leads to higher power loss and a decrease in transmission efficiency, which decreased significantly with higher salinity. Furthermore, computer simulations using magnetic field analysis software measure magnetic flux density, the number of flux chains, main flux, and leakage flux. From magnetic field analysis, when the salinity is increased, the magnetic flux density, the number of flux chains, the main flux, and leakage flux decreased. This was also found to be a factor in lower power efficiency. Wireless Power Transmission Power Efficiency Antenna Salinity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Jun, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 27 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 12 May, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 10 May, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6232846","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":445254486,"identity":"99c32b9a-c2a6-4c22-9011-556a1dd41efb","order_by":0,"name":"Atsuya Mizota","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokai University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Atsuya","middleName":"","lastName":"Mizota","suffix":""},{"id":445254487,"identity":"7d47ea20-c2d1-4ef9-b765-e9ebabc8e57b","order_by":1,"name":"Taisei Furuhashi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokai University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Taisei","middleName":"","lastName":"Furuhashi","suffix":""},{"id":445254488,"identity":"6c208b55-81ba-4d98-885f-315e313ad8f0","order_by":2,"name":"Hiriyuki Tanaka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokai University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hiriyuki","middleName":"","lastName":"Tanaka","suffix":""},{"id":445254489,"identity":"15bd2f92-92bf-4cf8-8ac5-89c1549d4450","order_by":3,"name":"Haruki Sugino","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokai University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haruki","middleName":"","lastName":"Sugino","suffix":""},{"id":445254490,"identity":"faf9bd6f-77e9-428f-8db2-becae98ee529","order_by":4,"name":"Mamiko Inamori","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAqklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCgw0MNjxglgQJWtJI1MLYwHCYBEfptp9OPDij4rwMP3vzAQbLHURoMTuTu+HghjO3eSR7jiUwSJ4hRssBoJaHbbd5DG7kGDBIthGj5fxbkJZzPPb3338gUssNoC0b2w7wGEgAA41ILUBbZpxJ5pE4k2ZwgDi/nM/d/LGnws6ev/3ww8eSxIQYCjgs2UCqFsaPJGsZBaNgFIyCkQAAuJs9wpl4vHUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Tokai University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mamiko","middleName":"","lastName":"Inamori","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-15 12:38:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6232846/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6232846/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81012867,"identity":"1547b4e9-a000-4a71-b4b9-1760f08a4732","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-21 08:31:57","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1380564,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"JournalDASver2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6232846/v1_covered_92a69c84-cd7b-4f26-a24d-5dac4290e96a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Evaluating Salinity Effects on Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency in Marine Environments","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-applied-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Applied Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/42452)","snPcode":"42452","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42452/3","title":"Discover Applied Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Wireless Power Transmission, Power Efficiency, Antenna, Salinity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6232846/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6232846/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are used to survey undersea resources in seawater. 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