Ventrointermediate thalamic stimulation improves motor learning in humans

Ventrointermediate thalamic stimulation (VIM-DBS) modulates oscillatory activity in a cortical network including primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, and parietal cortex. Here we show that, beyond the beneficial effects of VIM-DBS on motor execution, this form of invasive stimulation facilitates production of sequential finger movements that follow a fixed sequence but not when the sequence is selected at random. These results highlight the role of thalamo–cortical activity in motor learning.