Sand Replacement in Concrete Using Marble Waste

Sand Replacement in Concrete Using Marble Waste | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sand Replacement in Concrete Using Marble Waste Rutuja Ravikant Patil, Yojana M. Pudale² This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8007311/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Use of marble for various decorative purposes is most common practice in construction industry. But in this process during various operations like cutting, polishing etc., the large amount of waste is generated which is hazardous to the environment. Marble waste affects the fertility of soil and causes soil pollution. Hence proper disposal is required for marble waste or it can be reused in various activities. Concrete is the mixture of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Marble is the metamorphic rock having specific gravity is about 2.6 to 2.8 which is nearly similar to the normal aggregates. Hence the waste marble particles can be used in the concrete as partial replacement for fine aggregates. This study represents the results of compressive strength of concrete at various percentage of replacement of fine aggregates with waste marble particles. It is found that the use optimum percentage of marble waste gives the good compressive strength which in nearly about 95% of design strength. Reuse of marble waste will help to reduce the burden on environment. Marble waste compressive strength concrete Introduction From ancient times, Marble has been used for construction. In the process of utilization of marble, a large amount of marble waste is generated. These marble waste elements are harmful to the environment. If these ingredients are released into the water, the aquatic life is disrupted and. Small particles spread in the air and pollute the air. As per the Indian Bureau of mine total 1945 million tonns of various grades of marble resources are available in our country. In same way India is the second largest granite producer in the world as it is produces near about 130 million tonnes of granite. Rajsthan is the largest marble extraction state in India. As marble is used in multiple decorative works it produces large quantity of waste. Improper waste disposal causes number of impacts on environment as well as human health. As the waste generated is in the form of tiny pieces, powder, marble grid and slurry, they contaminated the air, water and soil also. When marble waste is dumped on land, it affects the fertility and productivity of soil. If the much amount of marble waste is dumped on the fertile land it will completely losses the productivity of soil and soil becomes infertile completely. During the rainy season, the slurry is carried out to the water bodies and affects the aquatic life also quality of the water get affected. Long time deposition of marble waste affects the percolation of rain water in ground and it will affect recharge of ground water table. But due to effective reuse of marble waste it will help to reduce the burden on environment. The marble waste of specific sizes should be used as fine aggregates in concrete at some extent. The fine aggregates can be replaced by marble waste in the concrete and if it gives good strength then it will used in different components of building. If the concrete is failed to gain required strength the it will be used in PCC. Though the marble waste will be collected from number of marble suppliers hence the properties of marble partials may vary slightly. As the specific gravity of marble is varies from 2.4 to 2.7 and compressive strength is about 115 N/mm² which is slightly less than the normal aggregates, we cannot replace the fine aggregates completely by marble waste. It is also the way to produce green concrete to maintain the sustainability. The term ‘Green Concrete’ means fully or partially replacement of ingredients in concrete with the waste material or the material which is not harmful to the environment or the material which is useful to protect the environment from degradation. This project represents the feasibility of the uses of marble waste as the fine aggregates in the concrete. Experimental methodology The material used in this research is marble powder and grid, which is collected from various marble suppliers from Kolhapur. Marble sample contains 94.23 % of calcium carbonate which is considered as good quality marble for construction purpose. Then the marble sample is sieved using the IS standard sieves according to the IS 2386 (1963). The grain size passing through 4.75 mm and retained on 600-micron sieve is used for the test specimens. Marble waste sample is used as the replacement for fine aggregate in the M30 concrete as replacement about 19%, 19.5%, 20% and 20.5%. For each replacement 3 concrete cubes about 150mm x150mm x 150mm are prepared. The cubes are tested at 7 th , 14 th and 28 th day to get compression strength in the compressive testing machine. Properties of material used for mix design: Mix design of concrete is done as per the IS 10262 (2019). 1. Cement: The cement used to cast the specimen is Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). 2. Fine Aggregates: Well graded fine aggregates are used in concrete. Following table shows the grain size distribution of fine aggregates. Sample no. 2 is used for the concrete. Sieve size in mm Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 9.5 0 0 0 6.7 242.22 226.48 264.55 4.75 153.63 123.44 276.45 2.36 153.74 123.33 174.29 1.18 233.84 162.65 234.4 0.6 263.12 134.11 134.46 0.3 136.45 237.46 234.45 0.15 164.87 252.35 135.45 0.075 73.4 53.66 63.76 3. Marble Waste Waste generate from marble industry is used as a concrete ingredient. Grain size passing through 4.75 mm and retained on 0.6 mm sieve is adopted for mix design. Sample 1 is adopted for partial replacement of fine aggregates. Sieve size in mm Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 6.7 145.34 184.75 163.47 4.75 123.76 193.64 175.33 2.36 152.76 133.24 149.61 1.18 174.25 164.43 153.62 0.6 56.84 90.22 78.36 4. Coarse Aggregates Angular shaped well graded aggregate larger than 4.74 mm and smaller than 12.5 mm are used for mix design. 5. Water Cement Ratio Water cement ratio is maintained as 0.63 which is slightly greater than the water cement ratio generally adopted for mix design. The reason behind it is marble is more porous in nature than aggregates hence required more water to achieve optimum workability. Compressive strength of concrete: Three cubes were casted using the marble waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate as 19%, 19.5%, 20%, and 20.5% respectively to determine compressive strength of the concrete. Twelve sets of cube for each series are casted to tests the compressive strength at 7 th , 14 th and 28 th day of casting. The results of the concrete cubes as per the percentage of marble waste are given below in the chart. Sr. No. Marble Waste in % Compressive strength after 7 day Compressive strength after 14 day Compressive strength after 28 day 1 19 17.76 20.76 28.74 2 19.5 16.98 20.12 28.88 3 20 14.65 18.34 26.76 4 20.5 12.54 18.32 25.34 Conclusion Up to 19% to 19.5% of replacement of fine aggregates with marble waste gives good compressive strength. But if the replacement of fine aggregate is beyond the 19.5% then it will again reduce the strength of concrete. Near about 95% of strength is achieved against the mix design. Declarations Author Contribution Rutuja Ravikant Patil write the main manuscript including execution of laboratory experiments and research study. Yojana M. Pudale reviewed the manuscript. References Indian. Standard (IS) code for concrete mix design IS 10262:2009. Indian. Standard (IS) code for concrete mix design IS 383:2016. Deepti Mehta ST. (2020). Study of Marble waste and its utilization. International research journal of engineering and technology, volume 7, issue 7. Dr SD, Krishna Kumar S, Perarasan M, Niranjani E. Experimental study of Concrete using waste Marble Powder and Quarry Dust as Partial Replacement of cement and Fine Aggregate. Int J Civil Struct Eng Res. 2016;4:1. Iswarya E. Utilization of granite saw powder waste in brick. Int J Sci Res Eng trends. 2020;6(4):2395–X566. Muhammad Sufian S, Ullah KA, Ostrowski A, Ahmad. Asad Zia, klaudia Sliwa-Wieczorek, Muhammad Siddiq, Arsam Ahmad Awan (2021).An experimental and emperical study on the use of waste marble powder in construction material. Materials 2021,14,3829. Muzamil J, Dar EM, Kumar DP, Sharma. (2018).Experimental study on Concrete using Waste Marble powder as Partial Replacement of Sand. J Emerg Technol innovative Res, 5, Issue 6. Neelu S. G.,Mrs. Pauline Jini Manohar (2019). Utilization of marble waste for construction purposes. IJCIRAS, ISSN (O)-2581-5334, Volume 1, Issue 12. Prof VG, Pathan. Prof. Md. Gufam Pathan (2014). Feasibility and need of use of marble powder in concrete production. IOSR journal of mechanical and civil engineering, issn:2278 – 1684. Dhanapandiana S, Shanthib M. (2009). Utilization of marble and granite wastes in brick products. Jr industrial pollution control 25 (2). Sachin Dhanolia S, Tiwari. (2023). A study on uses of ceramic waste & granite waste in concrete. Int J Adv Eng Technol, volume 4. Sajjad Ali S, Ahmad I Ullah. Utilization of waste marble dust as cement and sand replacement. Discover Civil Engineering; 2024. Luís Bragança P, Griffiths R, Askar A, Salles V, Ungureanu K, Tsikaloudaki D, Bajare G, Zsembinszki. Circular Economy Design and Management in the built Environment. Meri Cvetkovska: Springer tracts in Civil Engineering; 2024. Yuvraj R, Patil VA, Dakwale RV, Ralegaonkar. Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste in the Sector of Construction. Wiley Advances in Civil Engineering; 2024. Lamiaa Ismail MA, Razik ES, Ateya, Ahmed, Said. (2024). Optimizing Sustainable Concrete mixes with Recycled aggregate and Portland slag cement for reducing environment impact. Discover Mateial. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8007311","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":538521562,"identity":"c9eca2b4-9cc3-49b7-8440-c4ac75958c04","order_by":0,"name":"Rutuja Ravikant Patil","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACCQYGOfvjzQcffABy2NgJqmcGazFmOHMs2XAGSAszMVqAILHhRo6ZNA9CADcwn5F/TMKi5g5jY88ZY2ObX9vk+ZgZGD98zMGtReZGMpuExLFnzMzsbYWPc/tuG7YxMzBLztyGW4uEBEgL22E2Np7Dm41ze24zArWwMfMS1PLvMA+PRIKZtGXPbXvitEi2HZaQkEgxk2b4cTuRsBaex8YWkn3PDAx4gIHc23A7uY2ZsRm/X9gTH96W+HanfgM7MCp//LltO7+9+eCHj3i0gACzBMMBCIuxDUw24FcPUvIBpoXhD0HFo2AUjIJRMAIBAPSJTsOvLewEAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rutuja","middleName":"Ravikant","lastName":"Patil","suffix":""},{"id":538521563,"identity":"9fb10b75-e638-46e4-9b79-ac697d82528a","order_by":1,"name":"Yojana M. 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In the process of utilization of marble, a large amount of marble waste is generated. These marble waste elements are harmful to the environment. If these ingredients are released into the water, the aquatic life is disrupted and. Small particles spread in the air and pollute the air. As per the Indian Bureau of mine total 1945\u0026nbsp;million tonns of various grades of marble resources are available in our country. In same way India is the second largest granite producer in the world as it is produces near about 130\u0026nbsp;million tonnes of granite. Rajsthan is the largest marble extraction state in India. As marble is used in multiple decorative works it produces large quantity of waste. Improper waste disposal causes number of impacts on environment as well as human health. As the waste generated is in the form of tiny pieces, powder, marble grid and slurry, they contaminated the air, water and soil also. When marble waste is dumped on land, it affects the fertility and productivity of soil. If the much amount of marble waste is dumped on the fertile land it will completely losses the productivity of soil and soil becomes infertile completely. During the rainy season, the slurry is carried out to the water bodies and affects the aquatic life also quality of the water get affected. Long time deposition of marble waste affects the percolation of rain water in ground and it will affect recharge of ground water table. But due to effective reuse of marble waste it will help to reduce the burden on environment. The marble waste of specific sizes should be used as fine aggregates in concrete at some extent. The fine aggregates can be replaced by marble waste in the concrete and if it gives good strength then it will used in different components of building. If the concrete is failed to gain required strength the it will be used in PCC. Though the marble waste will be collected from number of marble suppliers hence the properties of marble partials may vary slightly. As the specific gravity of marble is varies from 2.4 to 2.7 and compressive strength is about 115 N/mm\u0026sup2; which is slightly less than the normal aggregates, we cannot replace the fine aggregates completely by marble waste. It is also the way to produce green concrete to maintain the sustainability. The term \u0026lsquo;Green Concrete\u0026rsquo; means fully or partially replacement of ingredients in concrete with the waste material or the material which is not harmful to the environment or the material which is useful to protect the environment from degradation. This project represents the feasibility of the uses of marble waste as the fine aggregates in the concrete.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Experimental methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe material used in this research is marble powder and grid, which is collected from various marble suppliers from Kolhapur. Marble sample contains 94.23 % of calcium carbonate which is considered as good quality marble for construction purpose. Then the marble sample is sieved using the IS standard sieves according to the IS 2386 (1963). The grain size passing through 4.75 mm and retained on 600-micron sieve is used for the test specimens. Marble waste sample is used as the replacement for fine aggregate in the M30 concrete as replacement about 19%, 19.5%, 20% and 20.5%. For each replacement 3 concrete cubes about 150mm x150mm x 150mm are prepared. The cubes are tested at 7\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e, 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e and 28\u003csup\u003eth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eday to get compression strength in the compressive testing machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProperties of material used for mix design:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMix design of concrete is done as per the IS 10262 (2019).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. \u0026nbsp; Cement:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cement used to cast the specimen is Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. \u0026nbsp; Fine Aggregates:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWell graded fine aggregates are used in concrete. Following table shows the grain size distribution of fine aggregates. Sample no. 2 is used for the concrete.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSieve size in mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e242.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e226.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e264.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e276.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e233.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e234.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e263.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e237.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e234.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e164.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e252.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.075\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg width=\"554\" height=\"331\" src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/127393_c7e80a1c9bb65875/127393_custom_files/img176224971779.png\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. \u0026nbsp; Marble Waste\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWaste generate from marble industry is used as a concrete ingredient. Grain size passing through 4.75 mm and retained on 0.6 mm sieve is adopted for mix design. Sample 1 is adopted for partial replacement of fine aggregates. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSieve size in mm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e184.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e163.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e193.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e164.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg width=\"559\" height=\"310\" src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/127393_c7e80a1c9bb65875/127393_custom_files/img176224971748.png\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4. \u0026nbsp; Coarse Aggregates\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAngular shaped well graded aggregate larger than 4.74 mm and smaller than 12.5 mm are used for mix design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5. \u0026nbsp; Water Cement Ratio\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWater cement ratio is maintained as 0.63 which is slightly greater than the water cement ratio generally adopted for mix design. The reason behind it is marble is more porous in nature than aggregates hence required more water to achieve optimum workability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompressive strength of concrete:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree cubes were casted using the marble waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate as 19%, 19.5%, 20%, and 20.5% respectively to determine compressive strength of the concrete. Twelve sets of cube for each series are casted to tests the compressive strength at 7\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e, 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e and 28\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e day of casting. The results of the concrete cubes as per the percentage of marble waste are given below in the chart.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"596\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSr. No.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarble Waste in %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompressive strength after 7 day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompressive strength after 14 day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompressive strength after 28 day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 152px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg width=\"577\" src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/127393_c7e80a1c9bb65875/127393_custom_files/img1762249717.png\" align=\"\" alt=\"image\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eUp to 19% to 19.5% of replacement of fine aggregates with marble waste gives good compressive strength. But if the replacement of fine aggregate is beyond the 19.5% then it will again reduce the strength of concrete. Near about 95% of strength is achieved against the mix design.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRutuja Ravikant Patil write the main manuscript including execution of laboratory experiments and research study. Yojana M. Pudale reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIndian. Standard (IS) code for concrete mix design IS 10262:2009.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIndian. Standard (IS) code for concrete mix design IS 383:2016.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDeepti Mehta ST. (2020). Study of Marble waste and its utilization. International research journal of engineering and technology, volume 7, issue 7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDr SD, Krishna Kumar S, Perarasan M, Niranjani E. Experimental study of Concrete using waste Marble Powder and Quarry Dust as Partial Replacement of cement and Fine Aggregate. Int J Civil Struct Eng Res. 2016;4:1.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIswarya E. Utilization of granite saw powder waste in brick. Int J Sci Res Eng trends. 2020;6(4):2395\u0026ndash;X566.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMuhammad Sufian S, Ullah KA, Ostrowski A, Ahmad. Asad Zia, klaudia Sliwa-Wieczorek, Muhammad Siddiq, Arsam Ahmad Awan (2021).An experimental and emperical study on the use of waste marble powder in construction material. Materials 2021,14,3829.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMuzamil J, Dar EM, Kumar DP, Sharma. (2018).Experimental study on Concrete using Waste Marble powder as Partial Replacement of Sand. J Emerg Technol innovative Res, 5, Issue 6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNeelu S. G.,Mrs. Pauline Jini Manohar (2019). Utilization of marble waste for construction purposes. IJCIRAS, ISSN (O)-2581-5334, Volume 1, Issue 12.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProf VG, Pathan. Prof. Md. Gufam Pathan (2014). Feasibility and need of use of marble powder in concrete production. IOSR journal of mechanical and civil engineering, issn:2278\u0026thinsp;\u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;1684.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDhanapandiana S, Shanthib M. (2009). Utilization of marble and granite wastes in brick products. Jr industrial pollution control 25 (2).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSachin Dhanolia S, Tiwari. (2023). A study on uses of ceramic waste \u0026amp; granite waste in concrete. Int J Adv Eng Technol, volume 4.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSajjad Ali S, Ahmad I Ullah. Utilization of waste marble dust as cement and sand replacement. Discover Civil Engineering; 2024.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLu\u0026iacute;s Bragan\u0026ccedil;a P, Griffiths R, Askar A, Salles V, Ungureanu K, Tsikaloudaki D, Bajare G, Zsembinszki. Circular Economy Design and Management in the built Environment. Meri Cvetkovska: Springer tracts in Civil Engineering; 2024.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYuvraj R, Patil VA, Dakwale RV, Ralegaonkar. Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste in the Sector of Construction. Wiley Advances in Civil Engineering; 2024.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLamiaa Ismail MA, Razik ES, Ateya, Ahmed, Said. (2024). Optimizing Sustainable Concrete mixes with Recycled aggregate and Portland slag cement for reducing environment impact. Discover Mateial.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Marble waste, compressive strength, concrete","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8007311/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8007311/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUse of marble for various decorative purposes is most common practice in construction industry. But in this process during various operations like cutting, polishing etc., the large amount of waste is generated which is hazardous to the environment. Marble waste affects the fertility of soil and causes soil pollution. Hence proper disposal is required for marble waste or it can be reused in various activities. Concrete is the mixture of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Marble is the metamorphic rock having specific gravity is about 2.6 to 2.8 which is nearly similar to the normal aggregates. Hence the waste marble particles can be used in the concrete as partial replacement for fine aggregates. This study represents the results of compressive strength of concrete at various percentage of replacement of fine aggregates with waste marble particles. It is found that the use optimum percentage of marble waste gives the good compressive strength which in nearly about 95% of design strength. Reuse of marble waste will help to reduce the burden on environment.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sand Replacement in Concrete Using Marble Waste","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-04 09:52:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8007311/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4eeba16d-dde7-481c-82a5-0b13db5b4efb","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-13T11:24:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-04 09:52:02","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8007311","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8007311","identity":"rs-8007311","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}