Natural killer cell function is regulated by TGF-β signaling in pregnancy and tumor progression

Abstract The immune compartment of the maternal-fetal interface must balance between supporting maternal-fetal interactions and maintaining maternal tolerance. Despite recent advances, the cellular and molecular regulators that drive maternal immune cell remodeling remain largely unknown. Using index and transcriptional single-cell sorting, we comprehensively characterized the immune compartment dynamics in the maternal-fetal interface of both human and mouse and charted the markers and functional pathways associated with these cells. Comparing immune signatures in decidua and tumors of human and mice, we identify conserved gene modules that are activated in natural killer (NK) cells of both compartments, including TFG-β signaling. Genetic ablation and antibody blockade of the TGF-β pathway in NK cells resulted in enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.