A universal topology-flow channel form for nonmonotonic friction-speed curves

A universal topology-flow channel form for nonmonotonic friction-speed curves | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A universal topology-flow channel form for nonmonotonic friction-speed curves GuoJunPan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9687939/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Nonmonotonic friction-speed curves occur when sliding reorganizes interfacial structure, but compact monotone laws cannot represent a finite-speed maximum without adding separate regimes. This paper proposes a topology-flow channel form for structure-sensitive friction. Universality is meant structurally, not as a parameter-free law: the same dimensionless channel architecture is tested across interfaces, while amplitudes, characteristic speeds, and exponents remain material and protocol dependent. The coefficient is written as a high-speed floor plus a velocity-weakening background channel and a structure-sensitive channel, in ASCII form mu(v,T)=mu_inf(T)+A_bg(T)/(1+x^beta)+A_topo(T)*x/(1+x^(1+q)), with x=v/v_c(T). On regenerated compound-C sliding-on-ice data from Miyashita et al., the topology-flow form is competitive in branchwise fits and stronger in shared-shape crosstemperature fitting: MAPE improves from 6.18% to 4.23%, RMSE from 0.04244 to 0.02888, Rˆ2 from 0.9338 to 0.9693, and AIC from -176.22 to -190.86 relative to a shared-width Gaussian-hump baseline. On an external Tada2023 rubber-ice check, performance is mixed branchwise but remains competitive in shared-shape fitting. A tested activated variant, A_topo*(1-exp(-x))*x/(1+x^(1+q)), does not improve the external check. The supported claim is a falsifiable topology-flow channel architecture, not universal constants or fixed exponents. friction nonmonotonic friction topology-flow channel constitutive model ice friction structural state Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9687939","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":638778565,"identity":"c0f23353-1958-40a8-b5ba-8f85b8ee32f8","order_by":0,"name":"GuoJunPan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAtklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNvbm4x8+GLDJ8ROthY/nWBrjjAI+Y8kGYrXISeSYMfN8kEs0OEC0w4C2PJxhYJZgfDx5A8OPim1EaAH6xeCDQVqe2ZlnBYw9Z24TZUuC5AyDY8VmN3IMmBnbiNEikWMgzWPwP3HzDBK0mAG1sCVukCBaC8+xZMMZBmzGEkC/HCTKL/LtzQcffPgDjMr25I0PflQQoQUJJBAfNQgtpOoYBaNgFIyCEQIAD7M9UHhkl8EAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5750-6523","institution":"Independent Researcher","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"","middleName":"","lastName":"GuoJunPan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-05-12 07:10:01","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9687939/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9687939/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109162085,"identity":"fa5681ae-4911-4059-8843-62b116fdb9fc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-13 07:46:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1007374,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscriptjoruniversaltopologyflowfriction20260512.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9687939/v1_covered_31df9831-d983-4c99-8c80-33f3be725d16.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eA universal topology-flow channel form for nonmonotonic friction-speed curves\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"friction, nonmonotonic friction, topology-flow channel, constitutive model, ice friction, structural state","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9687939/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9687939/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eNonmonotonic friction-speed curves occur when sliding reorganizes interfacial structure, but compact monotone laws cannot represent a finite-speed maximum without adding separate regimes. This paper proposes a topology-flow channel form for structure-sensitive friction. Universality is meant structurally, not as a parameter-free law: the same dimensionless channel architecture is tested across interfaces, while amplitudes, characteristic speeds, and exponents remain material and protocol dependent. The coefficient is written as a high-speed floor plus a velocity-weakening background channel and a structure-sensitive channel, in ASCII form mu(v,T)=mu_inf(T)+A_bg(T)/(1+x^beta)+A_topo(T)*x/(1+x^(1+q)), with x=v/v_c(T). On regenerated compound-C sliding-on-ice data from Miyashita et al., the topology-flow form is competitive in branchwise fits and stronger in shared-shape crosstemperature fitting: MAPE improves from 6.18% to 4.23%, RMSE from 0.04244 to 0.02888, Rˆ2 from 0.9338 to 0.9693, and AIC from -176.22 to -190.86 relative to a shared-width Gaussian-hump baseline. On an external Tada2023 rubber-ice check, performance is mixed branchwise but remains competitive in shared-shape fitting. A tested activated variant, A_topo*(1-exp(-x))*x/(1+x^(1+q)), does not improve the external check. 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