PAHFKB: A Knowledge Base and an Online Service for Personalized Physical Activity in Prevention and Intervention of Heart Failure

Background: Exercise recommendations in guidelines are at the population level which overlooks individual heterogeneity, hampers the clinical practice of exercise training on a specific individual with complex conditions. To address this issue, we constructed PAHFKB: a knowledge base and an online service for personalized physical activity (PA) in prevention and intervention of heart failure (HF). Methods: Firstly, 3,186 citations associated with physical activity and heart failure were screened from PubMed. Then, the personalized PA-HF relationships (PAHF) were defined with the entity-relationship model. This was followed with data extraction and standardization to screen the PAHF information. Lastly, a user interface (pahfkb.sysbio.org.cn) was implemented by MySQL and ASP.NET, providing the PAHF information and personalized PA recommendation tools for HF prevention and intervention. Finding: PAHFKB included 357 studies published from 1989 to 2021, involving more than 900,000 subjects from 43 countries (age: 18-88; gender: 47% female, 53% male; HF conditions: without 5%, NYHA class I 12%, NYHA class II 39%, NYHA class III 39%, NYHA class IV 5%). 1010 PAHF items were extracted, covering 258 exercise training protocols for prevention and intervention of HF, 333 outcomes, and 42 risk factors. Among all protocols, 3 60-minute sessions moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training accounted on a weekly basis the highest frequency found. Interpretation: The present work integrated personalized PAHF data standards, PAHF dataset, and PA recommendation tools, which can not only assist clinicians to prescribe effective and safe exercise prescriptions but also promote the development of explainable artificial intelligence in the future digital healthcare and digital therapeutics.Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 32070671), the Covid-19 research projects of West China Hospital Sichuan University (Grant no. HX2019-nCoV-057) as well as the regional innovation cooperation between Sichuan and Guangxi Provinces (2020YFQ0019). Declaration of Interest: None declared