Real-time Satellite Monitoring of the 2024-2025 dyke intrusion sequence at Fentale-Dofen Volcanoes, Ethiopia

Real-time Satellite Monitoring of the 2024-2025 dyke intrusion sequence at Fentale-Dofen Volcanoes, Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Data Note Real-time Satellite Monitoring of the 2024-2025 dyke intrusion sequence at Fentale-Dofen Volcanoes, Ethiopia Lin Way, Juliet Biggs, Weiyu Zheng, Milan Lazecky, Edna W. Dualeh, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7021770/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Between September 2024 and March 2025, a sequence of magmatic dyke intrusions occurred between Fentale and Dofen volcanoes, Ethiopia. Due to infrastructure damage, surface fissures and potential eruptions, ~75,000 people were evacuated in January 2025. Ground access to the region remains limited. This data report summarises satellite analysis conducted by the UK Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Tectonics (COMET) at the request of colleagues from Addis Ababa University and published online as a series of eight event response reports. We used data from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, COSMO-SkyMed, Pléiades and PlanetScope satellites to document the activity in real-time. Steady uplift around Fentale between 2017-2024 was followed by the intrusion of a 7 km long dyke in September-October 2024. A second, larger dyke intrusion occurred between December 2024 and March 2025. The dyke initially propagated radially, before changing direction to propagate along the rift axis, reaching 50 km in length and causing ~3 m of surface displacement. Dyke propagation stopped by mid-January, but opening continued at a variable but generally decreasing rate until mid-March. Activity within Fentale caldera, including ~ 30 cm of localised subsidence, thermal anomalies, visible plumes, and methane emissions started in mid-January. Following a magnitude 5.9 non-double-couple earthquake on 14 February, the area of localised subsidence slumped by up to 30 m. This information was used to support situational awareness and decision making by stakeholders in Ethiopia and UK. Ongoing monitoring remains critical. dyke intrusions Main Ethiopian Rift geodesy InSAR rapid response satellite data Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files DRFentalesupp.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7021770","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Data Note","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":479163295,"identity":"40bb1412-a121-4803-805f-9e9bbadeedea","order_by":0,"name":"Lin Way","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA50lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYILWfAwNgApC3APDATF2CDajEGaznAIEGEFiiduAFEEqeFnfcAM0/N4fTt0oebP3+okGDgbz/AJjkDr8P4Eph5jh3O3dmX2CZx4IwEg8SZBDbJDXi18Bgw57Adzt1whrGN4WAb0GE3GNgkHxDU8u9wusEZxuYPIC3yRGnJbTucANTSIAHSYgDSQshhh//2pRvu7GFskzhzRoLH8ExisyU+7/PznzF8OOObtbw5D/vjDxUVNnJyxw8fvNmDRwsIHGBgaIZzeAjEChzUEaNoFIyCUTAKRioAAI3XRcGj6ZsGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bristol","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lin","middleName":"","lastName":"Way","suffix":""},{"id":479163296,"identity":"2c6065ba-2364-4aad-a82f-516995f5db73","order_by":1,"name":"Juliet Biggs","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bristol","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Juliet","middleName":"","lastName":"Biggs","suffix":""},{"id":479163297,"identity":"a585a271-ed16-4552-af53-3584475f256a","order_by":2,"name":"Weiyu Zheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bristol","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weiyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zheng","suffix":""},{"id":479163298,"identity":"dd3230d3-94f6-4c5e-b67d-e24bc06f5315","order_by":3,"name":"Milan Lazecky","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Leeds","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Milan","middleName":"","lastName":"Lazecky","suffix":""},{"id":479163299,"identity":"bb1de7c0-a726-4d16-accb-9d74a7c380f9","order_by":4,"name":"Edna W. 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