A Qualitative Systematic Review of Cognitive Function, Metabolic Alterations, Disordered Eating, and Mood Dysregulation in the Context of the Mind–Body Connection

A Qualitative Systematic Review of Cognitive Function, Metabolic Alterations, Disordered Eating, and Mood Dysregulation in the Context of the Mind–Body Connection | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Qualitative Systematic Review of Cognitive Function, Metabolic Alterations, Disordered Eating, and Mood Dysregulation in the Context of the Mind–Body Connection Varvara Papasideri, Stylianos Sergios Chatziioannou This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7278470/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction: The co-occurrence of cognitive dysfunction, metabolic alterations, disordered eating, and mood dysregulation presents a complex interplay that challenges conventional diagnostic and treatment frameworks. While substantial evidence links these domains, their multidirectional interactions remain underexplored, particularly in relation to sociocultural and developmental influences. Understanding how these conditions manifest and influence one another across the lifespan is vital for informing holistic, integrative approaches to health and clinical care. Methods: A qualitative systematic review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for meta-aggregation. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251073979). Eligible studies were observational or mixed-methods in design, involving adolescents (≥ 12 years) or adults with obesity, insulin resistance, depression or mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, or disordered eating behaviors. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were performed in June 2025. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction. Studies with cross-sectional design, qualitative-only narrative reports, or lacking methodological rigor were excluded. Results: Out of 1,580 initially identified records, 123 studies met inclusion criteria after full-text screening and appraisal. These spanned diverse geographic regions and age groups (12–85 years), with moderate to high methodological quality overall. Nineteen studies were excluded due to insufficient methodological rigor. A total of 157 individual findings were extracted and organized into 25 thematic categories, ultimately synthesized into six overarching domains: ( 1 ) obesity is consistently linked to executive dysfunction; ( 2 ) depression acts as a mediator between metabolic dysfunction and cognitive impairment; ( 3 ) cognitive recovery often follows bariatric surgery; ( 4 ) insulin resistance negatively affects cognitive performance; ( 5 ) disordered eating behaviors are tied to emotional lability and cognitive inflexibility; and ( 6 ) sociocultural factors such as gender and socioeconomic status moderate cognitive and emotional experiences. Conclusion: This review highlights the intricate, multidirectional relationships between cognitive, emotional, metabolic, and behavioral health. The findings support the adoption of integrated, interdisciplinary care models that recognize both biological and psychosocial contributors. Although methodological quality was generally strong, heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures poses limitations. Future research should emphasize longitudinal frameworks and culturally sensitive tools to unravel causal pathways and inform personalized, mind–body-centered interventions. Psychology Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive dysfunction Metabolic syndrome Insulin resistance Mood disorders Disordered eating Emotional dysregulation Figures Figure 1 Introduction The intricate interplay among cognitive function, metabolic alterations, disordered eating behaviors, and mood dysregulation is a critical area of research that has gained momentum in both psychological and nutritional sciences. This multifaceted interaction is pivotal to understanding the complexities of eating disorders, their impacts on mental and physical health, and the implications for managing treatment through a mind–body connection perspective. Cognitive distortions commonly seen in individuals with eating disorders reflect underlying psychological issues such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, all of which can undermine cognitive functioning and emotional regulation. Disordered eating behaviors, characterized by maladaptive eating patterns, are not only manifestations of psychological distress but also contributors to metabolic and emotional dysregulation. Research indicates a high prevalence of cognitive deficits among individuals with eating disorders, particularly affecting attention, memory, and decision-making capabilities( 1 , 2 ). These cognitive impairments can make individuals more susceptible to mood dysregulation, which, in turn, can influence their eating behaviors, creating a feedback loop that complicates treatment efforts (AlHadi et al., 2022; Hay, 2020). Mood disturbances, particularly those characterized by fluctuation and instability, are often correlated with binge eating and other maladaptive eating behaviors ( 3 , 4 ). The relationship between cognitive function and metabolic alterations further complicates the clinical picture. Various metabolic changes associated with eating disorders—including dysregulation of insulin and other hormones—impact cognitive processes, leading to reduced cognitive flexibility and difficulties in regulating ( 5 , 6 ). For example, chronic stress related to disordered eating can lead to hormonal imbalance, especially in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in elevated cortisol levels that adversely affect brain function and emotional stability( 7 , 8 ). This physiological pathway highlights the importance of addressing both psychological and metabolic factors in treatment strategies. Moreover, the emergence of metabolic syndrome as a significant factor influencing both psychological health and cognitive functioning brings to light new avenues for intervention. Metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, has been shown to have a strong association with psychosocial stressors( 9 , 10 ). The chronic exposure to psychosocial stress can lead to inflammatory responses that further exacerbate cognitive impairment and mood dysregulation, illustrating a bidirectional relationship between mental and physical health( 11 , 12 ). Recent advancements in neuroimaging techniques have provided deeper insights into the brain mechanisms underlying these connections. Studies have shown that cognitive control regions in the brain—such as the prefrontal cortex—play essential roles in regulating emotional and metabolic states ( 13 , 14 ). Disruptions in neural connectivity associated with chronic psychological stress can decrease cognitive flexibility, which is critical for managing eating behaviors and emotional responses. Understanding these neurobiological frameworks allows for the development of interdisciplinary treatment methods that incorporate cognitive-behavioral strategies to improve both cognitive function and psychological resilience( 15 , 16 ). Mind-body interventions, such as mindfulness practices and yoga, have garnered attention for their efficacy in promoting psychological well-being and assuming potential benefits for metabolic health as well. These practices are thought to mitigate stress responses and enhance self-regulation, thereby promoting healthier eating behaviors. Incorporating mind-body therapies into treatment protocols for eating disorders could enhance patients’ abilities to manage their emotional responses and foster healthier metabolic profiles( 17 , 18 ). Additionally, evidence suggests that participation in programs emphasizing mindfulness leads to improvements in body image, increased mood stability, and enhanced cognitive function, supporting a holistic treatment approach( 19 , 20 ). The role of societal and environmental influences cannot be overlooked in understanding the relationships between disordered eating, cognitive function, and mood dysregulation. For many individuals, societal pressures regarding body image profoundly impact psychological well-being and dietary habits. The rise of social media has exemplified these pressures, as individuals, particularly adolescents, are increasingly exposed to unrealistic body ideals that can fuel anxiety and dissatisfaction with their own bodies, leading to disordered eating( 21 , 22 ). This societal context highlights the necessity for culturally sensitive interventions that address not just the individual’s symptoms but also the broader social constructs that perpetuate disordered eating behaviors. Moreover, understanding the unique experiences of diverse populations concerning eating disorders and related mood dysregulation is crucial. Factors such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and social environment can markedly influence the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and the associated psychological distress, suggesting that treatment must be tailored to the individual’s cultural and socio-economic context( 23 , 24 ). Implementing culturally appropriate educational and preventive measures could mitigate the onset of disordered eating behaviors and promote healthier perspectives surrounding body image and nutritional practices. The objective of this review is to systematically examine and synthesize observational evidence on the relationships between cognitive function, metabolic dysfunction (obesity and/or insulin resistance), and depression or mood disorders in human populations aged 12 years and older. This review aims to provide a clearer understanding of how these conditions co-occur and interact, contributing to theoretical models of mind-body interconnection and informing more holistic, integrated approaches to clinical assessment and intervention. In this context, the complex interrelations between cognitive function, metabolic alterations, disordered eating behaviors, and mood dysregulation are essential for developing effective intervention strategies in clinical practice. By acknowledging the multidimensional nature of these variables, healthcare providers can better understand the intricacies of eating disorders and their associated comorbidities. This comprehensive understanding emphasizes the need for integrated treatment approaches that not only address immediate psychological concerns but also foster long-term emotional and metabolic health. Continued exploration of these interrelationships through empirical research will further illuminate potential avenues for holistic interventions, ultimately enhancing our understanding of the mind–body connection in health and well-being. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest and most comprehensive systematic review conducted to date on this topic, integrating cognitive, metabolic, affective, and behavioral dimensions within a unified evidence base. Review question In individuals with metabolic or affective disorders, what associations exist between cognitive function, disordered eating patterns, and mood regulation? Materials & Methods Protocol and Registration This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD420251073979). The review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for qualitative systematic reviews using a meta-aggregation approach. Rationale A meta-analysis was not conducted due to the qualitative nature of the included studies and the substantial methodological and thematic heterogeneity observed across studies in terms of participant populations, diagnostic tools, cognitive domains assessed, and definitions of metabolic and mood-related exposures. Consequently, a systematic review employing a qualitative meta-aggregation approach was undertaken to synthesize and interpret findings across eligible studies. Eligibility Criteria Included studies were observational in design (cohort studies, case-control studies, or randomized controlled trials with relevant baseline data) and explored associations between cognitive function and one or more of the following exposures: obesity, insulin resistance, depression, or mood disorders. Eligible populations included adolescents (aged 12 and older), adults, and older adults, from clinical or community-based settings. Studies had to employ validated diagnostic tools or standardized instruments to assess both exposures and outcomes. Exclusion criteria comprised cross-sectional designs, qualitative-only reports, case studies, editorials, reviews, and conference abstracts. Information Sources and Search Strategy A comprehensive literature search was carried out across MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Scopus. The search was limited to articles published in English, without date restrictions. A peer-reviewed strategy was developed following the PRESS 2015 Guideline and included a combination of controlled vocabulary and keywords such as “cognitive function,” “obesity,” “insulin resistance,” “depression,” and “mood disorders.” The full search strategy is publicly available on the PROSPERO record. Grey literature and unpublished studies were not included. Study Selection and Data Management All records identified through the search were imported into Mendeley for de-duplication. Titles and abstracts were screened independently by two reviewers against the predefined inclusion criteria. Full-text articles were subsequently reviewed for eligibility. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. The selection process was documented using a PRISMA flow diagram to ensure transparency and reproducibility( 25 ). Data Extraction Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a standardized data extraction form based on JBI SUMARI( 26 ). Extracted data included: study design, population characteristics, exposures assessed, cognitive and psychological outcomes, measurement tools, and key findings. Qualitative findings, including participant narratives and author interpretations, were extracted verbatim when available. No authors were contacted for additional or missing data. Quality Assessment The methodological quality of each included study was appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists appropriate to the study design( 26 ). Two reviewers independently assessed each study, with discrepancies resolved through discussion or third-party adjudication. Studies were rated as “good,” “fair,” or “poor” based on methodological rigor and reporting quality. Risk of Bias and Reporting Bias Study-level risk of bias was assessed during critical appraisal. Although a formal quantitative analysis of reporting bias was not conducted, included studies were evaluated for selective outcome reporting and clarity of results related to the mind–body interplay. Ethics and Dissemination As this review was based solely on published data and did not involve human participants, ethics approval was not required. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and relevant academic conferences. Results Study Selection A total of 1,580 records were retrieved from electronic databases. After removal of 145 duplicates, 1,435 titles and abstracts were screened. Of these, 442 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Following full-text review and critical appraisal, 123 studies were included in the final synthesis. A total of 319 articles were excluded for the following reasons: ineligible study design (n = 227), irrelevant outcomes or exposures (n = 47), unavailable full texts (n = 35), ineligible population (n = 11), and inappropriate context (n = 4). Additionally, 19 studies were excluded following critical appraisal due to low methodological quality. The study selection process is illustrated in the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram (Fig. 1 ). Study Characteristics The 123 included studies were conducted across diverse geographical settings, with the majority from the United States, Iran, China, Sweden, and various European countries. Participants ranged in age from 12 to 85 years and included individuals with clinical and subclinical profiles of obesity, insulin resistance, binge eating disorder, mood dysregulation, and depressive disorders. Validated instruments were used to assess cognitive function, mood symptoms, emotional regulation, disordered eating, and metabolic health. These included: Cognitive function tools : Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color and Word Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Span, Corsi Block Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and verbal fluency tasks. Mood and affect regulation : Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Eating behaviors and emotional dysregulation : Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Metabolic assessments : Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), lipid panels, and HbA1c. The characteristics of the included studies are summarized in Table 1. Authors Year Country Study Design Age Educational Status Group of Patients Outcomes Measured Key Findings / Results Alizadeh et al. 2022 Iran Randomized controlled trial (RCT) Women aged 20–50 years N/A Women with obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) Depression severity (BDI-II), anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference), serum BDNF levels 12-week calorie-restricted diet significantly reduced depressive symptoms and BMI. Serum BDNF levels increased in the intervention group, suggesting a link between dietary intervention, weight loss, and improved mood in women with obesity and MDD. Alosco et al. 2014 United States Prospective cohort Not specified (Adult patients) N/A Bariatric surgery patients (n = 67), 47.8% with pre-op major depressive disorder (MDD) Cognitive function pre- and post-op; presence of MDD Cognitive improvements 12 months after surgery regardless of pre-op MDD history Annesi & Gorjala 2010 United States Randomized controlled trial (RCT) Mean 42.4 ± 10.1 years N/A Obese women with elevated mood disturbance scores Mood normalization (Tension, Depression, TMD); Waist circumference change CA condition led to significantly more exercise, greater mood normalization, and greater waist circumference reduction than EX and INFO conditions. Mood normalization predicted waist reduction regardless of treatment arm. Annunziato et al. 2009 United States Observational cohort study Mean age 44.6 years N/A Patients undergoing bariatric surgery (gastric bypass) Weight loss, depressive symptoms (BDI), changes in body image dissatisfaction Significant reduction in depressive symptoms and body image dissatisfaction observed 6 months after surgery. Greater body image improvement was associated with greater reductions in depressive symptoms. Ariza et al. 2025 Spain and Andorra Observational multicenter study Mean = 50.29 years (SD = 9.5) Mean = 13.94 years of education (SD = 3.33) 426 post-COVID-19 individuals with persistent cognitive symptoms Mental processing speed, executive function Cognitive reserve, depression, obesity, and employment changes predicted poor cognitive performance Bacon et al. 2002 United States Randomized controlled trial Mean age 35 years N/A Obese, dieting women (Health at Every Size vs. traditional dieting group) Weight, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, restraint, eating behavior, psychological outcomes (self-esteem, depression) The Health at Every Size (HAES) group improved physiological measures (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol), eating behavior, and psychological outcomes without weight loss. Traditional dieting group lost weight initially but regained it. HAES group maintained benefits at 2-year follow-up. Bancks et al. 2023 USA Randomized Controlled Trial (Look AHEAD) 45–76 years N/A Adults with T2D and overweight/obesity Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) / Probable dementia (PD) MCI/PD differed by T2D subgroup; highest in severe obesity group; lifestyle intervention had no modifying effect. Beeri et al. 2021 USA Longitudinal cohort study ≥ 60 years N/A Older adults from Alzheimer’s Disease Centers BMI change and cognitive decline Stable BMI over time predicted better cognitive trajectory Berk et al. 2018 Netherlands Randomized controlled trial (POWER study) Adults aged 18–75 years (median age ~ 53 years) Approximately one-third had low education level Overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes who lost ≥ 5% body weight after 8-week VLCD Primary: Body weight, weight regain over 2 years Secondary: HbA1c, insulin dose, lipids, depression/anxiety, self-esteem, quality of life, fatigue, physical activity, eating disorders (EDE-Q) Group-CBT did not significantly reduce weight regain or improve any secondary outcomes compared to usual care. Both groups regained 43–47% of initial weight loss at 2 years. No significant group differences were found. Brinkworth et al. 2009 Australia Randomized controlled trial (RCT) Mean 50.0 ± 0.8 years N/A Overweight and obese adults with abdominal obesity and at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor Weight loss, mood (Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood States), cognitive function (working memory, processing speed) Both diets resulted in significant weight loss and improved working memory. However, mood improvements were more sustained in the low-fat (LF) group compared to the low-carbohydrate (LC) group. No long-term differences in cognitive function between diets. Canário et al. 2024 Portugal Longitudinal cohort study Adults with type 2 diabetes N/A Patients with T2D and no mild cognitive impairment Brain atrophy in memory-related regions Poor glycemic control predicted irreversible brain atrophy over 7 years Chang et al. 2022 Not specified (presumed East Asia) Not fully retrievable from PDF preview Not extractable Not extractable Not extractable Not extractable Not extractable Chao et al. 2023 United States Randomized controlled trial Mean age 49.2 years N/A Women with overweight or obesity and elevated depressive symptoms Weight, depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), stress (PSS), emotional eating, self-compassion Mindfulness-based intervention resulted in greater reductions in depressive symptoms, emotional eating, and perceived stress, and increased self-compassion compared to health education. However, no significant between-group differences in weight loss were observed. Chávez-Manzanera et al. 2022 Mexico Pilot interventional study Adults with obesity N/A Patients undergoing obesity treatment Cognitive function pre/post weight loss intervention Weight loss associated with improvements in executive function and memory Chen et al. 2023 China Longitudinal cohort study ≥ 60 years N/A Older adults from CHARLS Cognitive impairment, handgrip strength, abdominal obesity Low HGS and abdominal obesity synergistically increase cognitive impairment in men Chen et al. 2020 Taiwan Case-control study Not specified; adult sample N/A 110 patients with Bipolar I or MDD and 51 controls BMI, inflammatory cytokines (CRP, TNF-α), cognitive function TNF-α levels predicted cognitive dysfunction more than obesity; obesity linked to higher inflammation Cherbuin et al. 2015 Australia Longitudinal cohort study 60–64 years N/A Community-dwelling adults Hippocampal volume Higher BMI associated with greater hippocampal atrophy over time Cigliobianco et al. 2019 Italy and Canada Cross-sectional preliminary study Not specified N/A 36 outpatients (18 with schizophrenia, 18 with bipolar disorder) Theory of Mind (ToM), BMI In men, BMI negatively associated with ToM (Faux Pas test); sex moderated effects Cody et al. 2022 USA Longitudinal cohort study Late middle-aged to older adults N/A Clinically unimpaired older adults Cognition and amyloid beta accumulation Higher Lifestyle for Brain Health index linked to better cognition and lower amyloid Cserjesi et al. 2009 Hungary and Belgium Case-control Mean age ~ 49 years N/A 30 obese women vs 30 normal-weight controls Executive function, mood Obesity associated with reduced flexibility and attention; depression partially mediated cognitive deficits Dalen et al. 2010 USA Pilot interventional study Mean age = 44 years N/A 10 obese individuals Weight, eating behavior, mindfulness, psychological distress Mindfulness-based intervention improved eating behavior, reduced weight and distress Dalkner et al. 2019 Austria Longitudinal cohort study (12-month follow-up) Mean age 40 years Premorbid IQ measured Euthymic bipolar patients (n = 38) Executive function and working memory Higher baseline BMI predicted decline in executive function; overweight group showed no improvement vs. normal-weight group. Darling et al. 2021 USA Secondary analysis of RCT 13–17 years (adolescents) N/A 66 adolescents with overweight/obesity Eating-related cognitions, depressive symptoms Shape/weight concerns decreased in females; intervention had no adverse psychological effects de Vargas et al. 2021 Brazil Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial Women aged 40–60 years N/A Middle-aged women with overweight or obesity Cognitive function (MoCA), inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6), serum zinc levels Zinc supplementation for 12 weeks significantly increased serum zinc levels, reduced CRP and IL-6, and improved cognitive function scores compared to placebo. Deckers et al. 2016 Netherlands Longitudinal cohort study 24–83 years Low/high occupational achievement Healthy adults from Maastricht Aging Study Cognitive decline (memory, executive function, processing speed) Obesity linked to cognitive decline, confounded by age and obesity definition (BMI vs WC) Demos & McDermott 2021 United States Experimental functional MRI study Young adults (Mean age ~ 21 years) College students Young adults with varying BMI levels Brain activation (fMRI) during self-referential processing; mood (PANAS), self-esteem, BMI Higher BMI was associated with greater activation in medial prefrontal cortex during negative self-referential processing. This pattern was also linked to higher negative affect and lower self-esteem. Findings suggest neurobiological differences in self-evaluation among individuals with higher BMI. Drew et al. 2022 New Zealand Randomized controlled trial Mean age ~ 47.4 years N/A Adults with overweight or obesity and elevated depressive symptoms Depressive symptoms (CES-D), weight loss, physical activity, dietary habits A multi-component intervention including behavioral activation and health coaching significantly reduced depressive symptoms and promoted modest weight loss compared to control. Improvements sustained at 6-month follow-up. Du et al. 2024 USA (HRS cohort) Prospective cohort study ≥ 60 years N/A Older adults from Health and Retirement Study Cognitive function, psychological disorder, physical disorder Mutual mediating effects of psychological and physical disorders on cognitive impairment over 8 years Dublin et al. 2015 USA Prospective cohort study ≥ 65 years N/A Older adults using opioids or NSAIDs Dementia, cognitive decline Heavy opioid or NSAID use modestly associated with increased dementia risk Durso et al. 2008 USA Online survey psychometric validation Adults > 18 years N/A 198 overweight/obese individuals Weight bias internalization, psychological measures Internalized weight bias strongly associated with depression, low self-esteem, and body image issues Espeland et al. 2017 United States Randomized controlled trial (Action for Health in Diabetes - Look AHEAD study) Mean age ~ 58.7 years N/A Overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes Cognitive function (DSST, RAVLT, Stroop, Trails), depressive symptoms, cardiovascular/metabolic risk Intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) resulted in greater weight loss and fitness improvement over 10 years compared to control. However, no significant difference in cognitive outcomes was observed between groups. Older participants with poor baseline health showed some cognitive benefit from ILI. Fang et al. 2023 Taiwan Randomized controlled trial (RCT) Adults aged 18–65 years N/A Adults with overweight or obesity enrolled in a dietary CBT telehealth program Body weight, BMI, waist circumference, dietary behavior (self-monitoring), adherence, satisfaction Use of a novel telehealth device integrating dietary cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) significantly improved weight loss, BMI, and waist circumference compared to control. Improved adherence and user satisfaction were also reported. Fausto et al. 2022 USA Propensity-matched cohort study Older African Americans N/A Older African Americans participating in cardio-dance or control Depression, attention, executive function Exercise improved mood and cognitive outcomes, especially in those with poor sleep or obesity Fernández de la Puente et al. 2024 Spain, Italy, Sweden Prospective cohort (PREDIMED-Plus substudy) Mean 65.8 years N/A Older Mediterranean adults at risk of CVD Cognitive function, telomere length Longer telomere length predicted better 4-year cognitive outcomes Ferri et al. 2021 Canada Prospective population-based cohort 40–69 years N/A Middle-aged adults without diabetes Cognitive function, metabolic factors, depression Comorbid metabolic risk, depression history, and low cognitive function increased future depression risk Formiga et al. 2023 Multi-country (Europe) Prospective multicenter cohort (SCOPE study) ≥ 75 years N/A Older adults with and without diabetes Cognitive and functional decline Diabetes associated with worse cognitive and functional outcomes in older adults Fox et al. 2016 United States Observational longitudinal study (Framingham Heart Study) Mean age 60.9 ± 9.2 years N/A Community-dwelling older adults without dementia BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), MRI-based brain volumes (total brain, gray matter, white matter, hippocampus) Higher BMI and WHR were associated with lower total brain volume and gray matter volume. Findings suggest that central adiposity negatively impacts brain structure in aging adults. Gallagher et al. 2016 United Kingdom Longitudinal analysis from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) ≥ 50 years N/A Community-dwelling older adults Cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, mediators (inflammation, physical activity, vascular risk) Depressive symptoms associated with cognitive decline, mediated by inflammation and low physical activity Ganguli et al. 2020 USA Population-based cohort study ≥ 65 years Adjusted in analysis Older adults in Pennsylvania Cognitive decline, metabolic markers (HbA1c, adiponectin), obesity indices Hyperglycemia and adiponectin predicted cognitive decline depending on obesity levels Gardener et al. 2021 USA Prospective cohort study (NOMAS) < 65 and ≥ 65 subgroup analysis Years of education included Multi-ethnic older adults Cognitive performance and decline over time Greater waist:hip ratio linked to poorer cognition and cognitive decline in < 65 group; no associations in ≥ 65 group. Mac Giollabhui et al. 2020 United States Longitudinal cohort study Adolescents aged 12–16 at baseline Not specified Adolescents (N = 350) from a longitudinal cohort of high-risk youth BMI and inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) at baseline; cognitive control (Stroop task, Go/No-Go) and depressive symptoms (CDI) at follow-up Higher baseline BMI predicted increased inflammation, which in turn predicted poorer cognitive control and higher depressive symptoms. Mediation model supported inflammation as a pathway linking BMI to neurocognitive and mood outcomes. Gómez-Martínez et al. 2021 Spain Prospective cohort study (PREDIMED-Plus) Older adults (≥ 55 years) N/A Older participants at high cardiovascular risk Cognitive function, glycemic dysregulations Glycemic dysregulations associated with worsening cognitive function over two years Goossens et al. 2011 Belgium Longitudinal cohort (6-year follow-up) Mean age 13 years at baseline N/A Overweight adolescents post weight-loss treatment Eating pathology, loss of control over eating Depressive symptoms predicted future loss of control eating episodes Grech et al. 2021 Not specified Not clearly specified in the snippet Not specified N/A Not specified Not specified Details not extractable from current snippets Green et al. 2013 United States Intervention study Older adults (mean ~ 73 years) N/A Healthy older adults using computer-based cognitive training Cognitive performance (memory, attention) Cognitive training improved memory and executive function Guo et al. 2024 China Longitudinal cohort study using CHARLS Middle-aged and elderly adults Adjusted in models Chinese adults stratified by TyG and TG/HDL-C trajectories Depressive symptom trajectories Higher TyG and TG/HDL-C linked to worsening depressive symptoms; metabolic health influences mood Halyburton et al. 2007 Australia Randomized controlled trial Mean age ~ 50 years N/A Overweight and obese adults Weight, BMI, waist circumference, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, mood (POMS), cognitive function Both low- and high-carbohydrate diets produced similar weight loss and improvements in mood. No significant differences in cognitive performance between diet groups. Hartmann et al. 2009 Germany Cross-sectional observational study Young healthy adults (age range: not clearly specified, likely 18–30) N/A Healthy individuals with high vs. low intake of high-fat, high-sugar diet Peripheral dopamine precursor availability (pDAP), dopamine-dependent cognition (working memory) High intake of high-fat, high-sugar foods was associated with lower pDAP and impaired dopamine-dependent working memory performance, suggesting diet-related modulation of dopamine pathways affecting cognition in healthy individuals. He et al. 2025 China Cohort study using CHARLS database ≥ 45 years Adjusted in models 10,828 Chinese adults Cognitive function and depression Depression mediates relationship between early-life caregiver relationships and cognitive impairment, especially in women Hildreth et al. 2014 United States Randomized controlled trial Older adults (≥ 65 years) N/A Sedentary older adults at risk for mobility disability Executive function, memory, attention Physical activity intervention improved executive function and processing speed Hindle et al. 2020 United Kingdom Prospective cohort study Adults undergoing bariatric surgery N/A Patients before and after bariatric surgery Weight loss, eating behavior, and cognition Bariatric surgery improved cognitive function and altered eating behavior, with weight loss being a contributing factor Hjelmesæth et al. 2018 Norway Prospective cohort study Mean age 44.7 years N/A Patients with obesity referred to a specialist obesity center Weight, BMI, depressive symptoms (BDI), anxiety symptoms (BAI), quality of life (SF-36), cardiovascular risk markers Substantial weight loss during follow-up was associated with significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as improved quality of life. Highlights the psychological benefits of weight reduction. Hou et al. 2024 China Longitudinal study using CHARLS data ≥ 45 years High education level protective 16,071 middle-aged and elderly individuals Cognitive frailty using health ecology model CF associated with multilevel factors (age, sex, depression, education, socioeconomic status); interventions recommended Hu et al. 2020 China & USA Prospective study with neuroimaging Obese adults (mean not clearly specified), and normal controls N/A 25 obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy and 30 controls BMI, cognitive control, brain functional/structural connectivity Weight loss and improved cognitive control associated with increased DLPFC-pgACC connectivity; hormonal changes linked to brain reorganization Huo et al. 2022 United States (Mayo Clinic) Population-based prospective cohort study 50–69 years Adjusted in multivariable model 1,857 participants from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging Cognitive decline using global and domain-specific z-scores CV conditions and risk factors associated with midlife cognitive decline; women showed stronger associations than men Hwang et al. 2023 South Korea Longitudinal cohort study ≥ 45 years Low education associated with cognitive decline 1755 retired individuals without cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder Cognitive impairment over 12 years Age, female sex, low education, and depressive mood were associated with cognitive decline; depressive mood significant in men only Jaremka et al. 2014 United States Cross-sectional observational study Mean age ~ 42 years N/A Breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity Loneliness, depressive symptoms, fatigue, body mass index (BMI), inflammatory markers (IL-6, CRP) Greater loneliness was associated with higher depressive symptoms, fatigue, and elevated inflammation (higher IL-6 and CRP), even after controlling for BMI and other covariates. Highlights psychological and inflammatory burdens in overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. Jokinen et al. 2009 Multi-country (EU) Cross-sectional baseline of LADIS study 65–84 years Included in comparisons Older adults with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) Cognition, motor, ADL, neuroimaging SIVD linked to deficits in executive function and psychomotor speed Ju & Al Snih 2024 United States Longitudinal cohort (12 years) ≥ 75 years (mean 81.5) Included in adjustment Older Mexican American adults Cognition (MMSE), dynapenia, obesity Dynapenic obesity associated with faster cognitive decline Kakita et al. 2024 Japan Longitudinal cohort (5 years) ≥ 65 years N/A Community-dwelling older adults Fat-to-muscle ratio, disability risk High fat-to-muscle ratio linked with higher disability risk in women Kakoschke et al. 2021 Australia Randomized controlled trial Young adults (Mean age ~ 23.5 years) University students Young adults with overweight or obesity Food choices (healthy vs unhealthy), cognitive bias modification (CBM), executive function (inhibition), weight Cognitive bias modification improved healthy food choices and inhibitory control in the intervention group. No significant changes in weight. Suggests CBM may support self-regulation in dietary behaviors. Karakose et al. 2025 United States Longitudinal cohort study Mean baseline age ~ 72 years N/A Older adults from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) dataset Life satisfaction, dementia incidence, cognitive scores (MMSE, CDR), demographic and health-related variables Higher baseline life satisfaction was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing dementia over 18 years. The relationship remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, education, depression, and cardiovascular risk factors. Katayama et al. 2020 Japan Longitudinal cohort study (4 years) ≥ 65 years Included in latent class analysis Older adults with MCI Recovery from MCI Low-risk modifiable factor group more likely to revert to normal cognition Kaup et al. 2015 United States Longitudinal cohort study (Health ABC Study) 69–80 years Stratified and analyzed Older Black and White adults with APOE ε4 Cognitive resilience (Modified MMSE over 11 years) Higher literacy and education predicted resilience; differences by race Keating et al. 2005 United States Cohort study (propensity score matched) ≥ 55 years N/A Older long-term cancer survivors vs. non-cancer controls Physical and mental health status, comorbidities, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, ADL, life expectancy Worse physical health, similar mental health; more comorbidities and functional limitations in cancer survivors Kim & Kang 2020 Korea Intervention study Premenopausal: 47.6 ± 6.1; Postmenopausal: 57.8 ± 5.7 N/A Obese premenopausal and postmenopausal women BDNF, NGF, cathepsin B, depression, cognitive tests, climacteric symptoms Exercise improved neurotrophic factors and reduced menopausal symptoms Kim et al. 2024 USA Longitudinal cohort study (Add Health study) Adolescents followed into adulthood High school into adulthood General population adolescents (USA) Adult health, well-being, cognitive function, BMI, depression Positive affect in adolescence predicted better adult outcomes Kim et al. 2023 USA Longitudinal observational study Adolescents and young adults N/A General population Mental health, behavioral factors, metabolic health Early emotional well-being protective against future obesity and depression Kim, B. and Kang, S. 2020 Korea Interventional study (12-week exercise) Premenopausal: 47.56 ± 6.11 yrs; Postmenopausal: 57.79 ± 5.68 yrs Middle School, High School, University Middle-aged obese women, premenopausal (n = 18), postmenopausal (n = 34) Body composition, physical fitness, depression, cognitive function, climacteric symptoms, plasma BDNF, NGF, cathepsin B levels Regular leisure-time physical activity reduced body fat, improved physical fitness, increased BDNF, NGF, and cathepsin B, and alleviated menopausal symptoms, especially in postmenopausal women. Kong, D. et al 2019 United States Prospective cohort study 60 years and older N/A 2713 US Chinese older adults Onset of functional disability in ADLs (Activities of Daily Living), IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), and mobility over 2 years. Depressive symptoms (assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire). Higher levels of depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a greater likelihood of developing functional disability (ADL, IADL, mobility) over 2 years. Odds ratios: ADL disability onset: OR = 1.06 (95% CI = 1.02–1.11) IADL disability onset: OR = 1.05 (95% CI = 1.01–1.09) Mobility disability onset: OR = 1.05 (95% CI = 1.01–1.09) Other risk factors included older age and more chronic physical conditions. Kontari et al. 2018 UK Longitudinal cohort study 50 + years N/A Participants of English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Dementia risk, cardiometabolic abnormalities, depressive symptoms Depression and cardiometabolic risk jointly increase dementia risk Kotackova et al. 2023 Czechia Longitudinal within-subject design Adults undergoing bariatric surgery N/A Obese adults pre- and post-bariatric surgery Cognition, depression, CRP, brain structure (MRI) Surgery improved cognition and mood; mediated by inflammation Lachner, C et al. 2024 United States Observational cohort study. Older adults (Mean age ~ 77.3 for African Americans and ~ 75.6 for non-Hispanic Whites) Included, measured in years of education. Community-dwelling African American (AA, n = 261) and non-Hispanic White participants (nHW, n = 193) Cognitive impairment (global Clinical Dementia Rating® [CDR] ≥ 0.5) Rates of cognitive decline (CDR Sum-of-Boxes) Modifiable dementia risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hearing loss, smoking, depression, diabetes, etc.) Depression was associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment in both AA and nHW participants. Depression and Vitamin B12 deficiency were uniquely associated with faster cognitive decline in AA participants. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and diabetes were overrepresented in AA participants. Laederach-Hofmann et al. 2002 Switzerland Cross-sectional study Adults (obese patients) N/A Obese individuals BMI, body fat, cholesterol, insulin sensitivity; psychological variables Psychological distress linked to metabolic markers; suggests mind-body interplay Lajim et al. 2024 Malaysia Prospective cohort study (COVID-19 survivors) ≥ 18 years Stratified (not fully detailed) COVID-19 survivors (mild, moderate, severe cases) Cognition (MoCA), functional status (PCFS) Obesity, oxygen therapy, low education predicted cognitive impairment; impairments common up to 6 months Lampignano et al. 2022 Italy Prospective cohort study (12-year follow-up) Older adults (≥ 65 years) N/A Italian community-dwelling older adults Late-onset depression incidence Processed meat intake associated with increased risk of late-onset depression Lan et al. 2021 USA Longitudinal cohort study (NACC) Mean age 71.6 years Years of education recorded Older adults without dementia or stroke at baseline Cognitive decline, diagnostic progression Weight loss and high weight fluctuation linked to increased odds of cognitive decline, especially in elderly with cardiometabolic risks. Lavender et al. 2014 USA Prospective cohort study (pre- and post-bariatric surgery) Adults (mean age not specified) N/A Bariatric surgery candidates with and without BED Cognitive function (attention, memory, executive function, language) Cognitive function improved post-surgery in all; BED history did not affect cognitive gains Lee, M. et al. 2023 Republic of Korea (South Korea) Observational cohort study Adult-onset craniopharyngioma (48.00 +/- 12.77 years) and non-functional pituitary adenoma (48.77 +/- 13.10) N/A Patients with hypothalamic damage (HD) due to craniopharyngioma (n = 29) and controls with non-functional pituitary adenoma (n = 31) -Postoperative weight gain -Structural and functional MRI measures of brain activity (specifically responses to food images). -Food related cognition -Self-reported appetite, mood, eating behavior, food addiction, and other eating-associated behaviors. -Cognitive function via Go/NoGo and dot-probe tasks -Patients with HD showed significantly higher postoperative weight gain than controls. -Significant hypothalamic damage was observed in the HD group. -HD group showed lower neural activation in the left caudate nucleus in response to food images. -Higher food inattention, lower satiety, and higher restrained eating behavior were observed in the HD group. -Within the HD group, higher restrained eating behavior was significantly associated with lower activation in the bilateral fusiform gyrus. Legenbauer et al. 2010 Germany Prospective longitudinal study (4-year follow-up) Adults (age not specified) N/A Obese individuals in a VLCD program Weight loss maintenance; mental disorders; eating patterns Substance abuse history and grazing predicted successful weight maintenance; depression and binge eating less influential Lin, Y-H et al. 2021 Taiwan 6-year cohort study Adults aged > 65 years No MetS group: 13.9 (SD 3.6) years MetS group: 13.0 (SD 4.0) years Community-dwelling older adults (N = 467 at baseline) Successful aging (defined using an extended definition including physiological, psychological, and sociological/economic domains) Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) status at baseline Absence of baseline MetS had a positive effect on the probability of successful aging over six years. Absence of hypertension was the most significant predictor of physiological successful aging. -Significant increased trend was found in the overall and physiological successful aging across MetS status. Liu et al. 2024 China (Shanghai) Prospective cohort study (Shanghai Aging Study) Older adults aged ≥ 60 years Years of education included as covariate; not stratified in results Cognitively normal older adults (n = 1,547) Incident dementia over 5 years; dietary antioxidants intake Low antioxidant nutrient intake associated with increased risk of incident dementia, especially among APOE ε4 carriers. Liu et al. 2021 China Longitudinal cohort study (CHARLS) ≥ 45 years (Mean: 58.4 years) 31.1% attended primary school or above Middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults (N = 9006) Global cognition, mental intactness, episodic memory (measured at 3 time points); association with physical performance (grip strength, chair stands, standing balance) Better grip strength (men) and chair stands (women) predicted slower cognitive decline over 4 years. Standing balance was not predictive. Predictive models were constructed separately for men and women. Lopez, K.E. et al. 2021 United States Analysis of a multisite randomized controlled trial Adolescents between 14–18 years N/A Adolescents with overweight and obesity seeking treatment (BMI ≥ 85th percentile for age and sex) Intervention engagement (percent engagement, defined as actual intervention dosage received/total dosage intended) Executive functioning (EF), as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2 (BRIEF-2) Depressive symptoms, as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) Baseline demographics, depressive symptoms, and EF were not related to engagement in this cohort. The control arm (in-person clinic model) had the highest engagement compared to the app-based intervention arms. Hispanic ethnicity was predictive of higher engagement in the control arm. -Family involvement is more significant than individual characteristics when promoting engagement. Loukou, S. et al. 2024 Greece Randomized controlled clinical trial Elderly participants between 55 and 85 years old Minimum educational level of five years 55 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) Cognitive and functional performance (MMSE, FRSSD, FUCAS, ADAS-Cog, CDR) Psychiatric symptoms (GDS, NPI) Group receiving olive leaf extract (OLE) had statistically significantly higher MMSE scores compared to the control group (p-value of 0.0135). Participants receiving OLE had no memory deterioration, whereas the control group had cognitive decline. Other neuropsychological tests revealed better results in the OLE group, but without statistically significant differences. Lutes, L.D. et al. 2018 United States Prospective randomized pragmatic effectiveness pilot trial Adult patients (18–75 years) highest education level completed Adult patients with T2D from the rural southeastern United States diabetes belt who had uncontrolled T2D (HbA1c ≥ 7.0) and either depressive (PHQ-2 > 3) or distress (DDS-2 > 3) symptoms (n = 139) Change from baseline to 12 months in HbA1c (glycemic control) Diabetes-related distress (DDS-17) Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) Diabetes self-care activities (Diabetes Empowerment Scale and SDSCA) The study describes the design, rationale, and baseline findings of the COMRADE trial. At baseline, the study population with uncontrolled T2D of long duration manifested complex comorbidities including associated obesity, depressive symptoms, and/or diabetes-related distress. A behavioral intervention for T2D that concurrently targets symptoms of depression and distress may lead to more effective outcomes in this high-risk population. Lutski et al. 2018 Israel Longitudinal cohort study (BIP neurocognitive study) Men aged ~ 57 at baseline, with follow-up at ~ 72 years N/A Men with cardiovascular disease from original BIP trial (n = 200) Cognitive decline using NeuroTrax battery; Mediterranean diet adherence Poor adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with lower baseline cognition and greater cognitive decline over ~ 20 years. Lv. N., et al. 2020 United States 2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) Adults ≥ 18 years N/A 105 adults with obesity and depression Neurobiological mechanisms (neural circuits, gut microbiome, and proinflammatory cytokines) Health behaviors (diet, physical activity, and cognitive behaviors) Health outcomes (weight loss and depression outcomes) This article primarily presents the study protocol for ENGAGE-2. The aims of the study are to: Test whether engaging specific neural circuits produces desired changes in health behaviors and outcomes. Explore the role of the gut microbiome and proinflammatory cytokines in the neurobiological mechanism. Ma et al. 2024 China Longitudinal observational study (12-month follow-up) 18–45 years (First-episode schizophrenia patients) Mean years of education: 10.81 ± 3.15 Patients with first-episode schizophrenia (N = 372) Cognitive function (measured via MCCB) and body weight (BMI); analyzed bidirectional relationship over 12 months Increased BMI over time was associated with reduced cognitive improvement in processing speed, attention, and verbal learning. Baseline cognitive deficits predicted greater weight gain. Bidirectional relationship confirmed. Mahboobi et al. 2022 Iran Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial 18–50 years (Mean age: ~35 years) Not reported Adults with obesity and depressed mood (N = 100), divided into intervention (probiotic + magnesium) and placebo groups Cognitive function, mood (BDI-II), intestinal barrier function (zonulin), inflammation (hs-CRP, IL-6), serum magnesium Co-supplementation with probiotics and magnesium significantly improved mood and cognitive function, and reduced zonulin and inflammatory markers compared to placebo. Mansur et al. 2021 Canada Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial 18–65 years (Adults with bipolar disorder) Not specified Adults with bipolar disorder and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² (N = 60), receiving liraglutide or placebo Cognitive function (RBANS), metabolic parameters (weight, BMI, insulin resistance), psychiatric symptoms Liraglutide significantly improved cognitive performance and reduced BMI compared to placebo. Improvements in cognitive function were independent of weight loss. Maraldi et al. 2007 Italy Longitudinal cohort (ILSA study) Older adults, aged ≥ 65 years (mean age ~ 74) Education categorized into levels and adjusted in analysis Community-dwelling Italians with and without diabetes (n > 3,000) Cognitive impairment incidence; MMSE score changes over 4 years Diabetic participants had increased risk of cognitive impairment, especially those with poor glycemic control. May et al. 2024 USA (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study) Longitudinal cohort study Adolescents aged 9–10 at baseline Parental education used as covariate; not detailed 11,875 children enrolled in ABCD study across 21 sites Neurocognitive functioning (NIH Toolbox), BMI z-scores, obesity trajectories Children with obesity had lower cognitive scores; early-life BMI predicted future cognition independently of SES. Moon et al. 2024 South Korea Randomized controlled trial (SUPERBRAIN-MEET study) Adults aged 60–79 years with mild cognitive impairment Mean education: 10.6 years Community-dwelling older adults with MCI (N = 330), randomized into multidomain interventions via face-to-face or video platforms, or control Cognitive function (primary outcome: changes in K-MMSE score), secondary: depression, quality of life, physical and social activity Both intervention groups showed significantly better cognitive outcomes than control; video-based intervention was comparable to face-to-face, indicating feasibility and effectiveness of remote cognitive health programs. Morsund et al. 2019 Norway Randomized controlled trial (cognitive remediation therapy) Adults with obesity, mean age ~ 42 years Secondary/higher education included as demographic; not analyzed separately Obese adults eligible for obesity treatment programs; randomized to cognitive remediation vs. control Executive function, working memory, mental flexibility Cognitive remediation led to improvements in executive functioning and reduced dropout from obesity treatment. Mortimer et al. 2017 Australia Prospective observational study Women undergoing chemotherapy (age range not specified, likely 30–65) N/A Early-stage breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (n ≈ 100) Fatigue, cognitive performance, mental/physical functioning (objective and subjective measures) Fatigue during chemotherapy was associated with poorer cognitive functioning and reduced physical performance. Murayama et al. 2025 Japan Prospective cohort study (JAGES study) Older adults aged ≥ 65 years Education used as a covariate in regression; categories not detailed Community-dwelling Japanese older adults (n = 10,005), cognitively normal at baseline Cognitive decline measured using MMSE over 3 years; BMI and frailty as exposures Underweight and obese participants had increased risk of cognitive decline, especially those with concurrent frailty. Musselman et al. 2019 United States Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial Mean age ~ 51 years N/A Women with obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) Depressive symptoms (MADRS), weight, glucose, insulin, cortisol, inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-6, CRP) Metformin adjunct to antidepressant therapy led to greater reduction in depressive symptoms, insulin levels, and CRP compared to placebo. Suggests metabolic modulation may improve treatment response in MDD with obesity. Nam et al. 2015 USA (University of Pittsburgh) Cross-sectional and longitudinal study Mean age 60.4 years (range not specified) Adjusted for education level in analyses; not specifically reported 94 adults with obesity (BMI > 30) and 48 lean controls; free of dementia or neurological disorder Cognitive performance (executive function, memory, processing speed); brain imaging (white matter integrity) Obesity was associated with poorer white matter integrity and reduced executive function. Brain changes partially mediated the obesity-cognition link. Napoli et al. 2014 Italy Cross-sectional study Mean age: 47.7 ± 13.3 years Not specified Adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 84); stratified by metabolic syndrome and cognitive function Cognitive function (MMSE), metabolic parameters, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), inflammation (hs-CRP) Cognitive impairment was more prevalent in patients with metabolic syndrome. Higher insulin resistance and hs-CRP were significantly associated with lower cognitive scores. Nikendei et al. 2016 Germany Randomized controlled trial Mean age: 32.5 years All participants were medical students Medical students with depressive symptoms (N = 47); assigned to group-based cognitive behavioral intervention or control Cognitive performance (VLMT, TMT A/B), depressive symptoms (BDI-II), perceived stress (PSS) The cognitive-behavioral intervention significantly improved memory and attention scores and reduced depressive symptoms and stress compared to control. Oh et al. 2024 USA Retrospective cohort Older adults with cognitive impairment N/A Older adults newly prescribed gabapentin Cognitive/behavioral changes Gabapentin initiation associated with modest cognitive decline and increased behavioral symptoms. Ortega et al. 2024 Switzerland, Canada, Netherlands Longitudinal, multi-cohort Adults ≥ 55 years N/A Older adults from 3 population cohorts Cognition (MMSE + domains) & diet-derived inflammatory markers No clinically meaningful cognitive differences found between high vs low inflammatory diets. Paans et al. 2020 Netherlands Longitudinal cohort study Mean age: 57.2 years (Range: 35–74) Not specified Adults from the general population (N = 1149); part of the Lifelines Cohort Study Depression (IDS), anxiety (BAI), cognitive functioning (RFFT, Stroop, verbal memory), BMI, metabolic syndrome Obesity was associated with more cognitive complaints and higher depression/anxiety scores. Metabolic syndrome partially mediated the relationship between obesity and cognitive impairment. Peters et al. 2019 UK Prospective cohort Adults ≥ 80 years N/A Older adults on antihypertensive treatment Cognitive function (3MS) No significant effect of antihypertensive class (e.g., CCBs) on cognitive change over 12 months. Połtyn-Zaradna et al. 2025 Poland Cross-sectional (PURE cohort) Older adults N/A Adults in the PURE-Poland study Hearing loss, cognition (MoCA), frailty Age-related hearing loss significantly associated with cognitive impairment and frailty. Poulton et al. 2024 New Zealand Prospective longitudinal cohort study (Dunedin Study) Participants followed from birth to midlife (age 45) Not specified General population cohort born in 1972–73 in Dunedin (N = 1037) BMI trajectories, cognitive ability (IQ), physical health, socioeconomic outcomes, brain aging Higher BMI across life course was associated with accelerated brain aging and poorer cognitive function by midlife. Early onset and persistent obesity predicted worse outcomes. Rapoport et al. 2000 UK Randomized controlled trial Mean age 47.5 years N/A Overweight women (BMI ≥ 28) Weight, mental health, dietary behavior, cardiovascular risk Modified CBT improved emotional well-being and produced modest weight loss sustained at 1-year follow-up. Restivo et al. 2016 Canada Longitudinal, interventional (pre-post bariatric surgery) Adults 18–60 years N/A Obese adults with/without mood disorders and lean controls Cognitive performance (neuropsych tests, fMRI) Study protocol paper; aims to examine changes in cognition post-bariatric surgery across different psychiatric statuses. Rouch et al. 2014 France Prospective cohort study (PROOF) Mean age 65.6 years Included as covariate Elderly community residents (n = 657) Self-rated health and life satisfaction Metabolic syndrome, depressive/anxiety symptoms, and low executive function predicted poorer subjective health and life satisfaction. Salmoirago-Blotcher 2021 United States Randomized Controlled Trial (2×2 factorial design), Proof-of-Concept Feasibility Study Mean 70.1 years (SD = 6.8), ≥ 55 years 88.9% with some college-level education Older adults (n = 36) at risk of dementia; physically inactive with ≥ 2 risk factors Feasibility, acceptability, and cognitive function (ZAVEN composite score) MT group showed better cognitive scores at end of treatment compared to UC (b = .43, p = .03) and AT (b = .26, p = .10). High feasibility and retention (97%). No added benefit with combined MT + AT. MT may improve cognitive function. Schmitz et al. 2018 Netherlands & UK Prospective cohort Adults 45–75 years Categorized into low/medium/high Participants from Rotterdam and Whitehall II studies Cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, metabolic factors Depression mediated the relationship between metabolic dysregulation and cognitive decline. Soldevila-Domenech et al. 2021 Spain Cross-sectional study ≥ 60 years (mean not explicitly stated) Educational level included as a covariate (not fully detailed) Community-dwelling older adults (N = 86); assessed for obesity and cognitive function Cognitive function (Stroop, TMT, digit span, MMSE), body composition (BMI, WHR, WC), physical activity Higher WHR and WC, but not BMI, were associated with poorer cognitive performance. Central adiposity negatively impacted cognition more than general obesity. Spitznagel et al. 2013 United States Prospective longitudinal cohort study Mean age ~ 43.7 years N/A Patients undergoing bariatric surgery (LABS project participants) % weight loss (WL), BMI, cognitive function (executive function, memory) Cognitive performance 12 weeks after surgery predicted greater %WL and lower BMI at 24 months. Attention/executive and memory functions were key predictors. Suggests early cognitive improvements post-surgery can forecast long-term weight loss success. Strassnig et al. 2015 USA Interventional study Adults with severe mental illness N/A Overweight/obese outpatients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder Cognition, psychiatric symptoms, neuromuscular performance Exercise improved cognition, symptoms, and physical performance Teong et al. 2021 Malaysia Cross-sectional study Mean age: 33.5 ± 9.0 years Majority had tertiary education Overweight and obese adults (BMI ≥ 23, N = 160); stratified by physical activity and adiposity indices Cognitive performance (CANTAB: executive function, memory, attention), physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage Higher body fat % and central obesity were associated with lower cognitive scores, especially in attention and memory. Physical activity showed a moderating effect. Veit et al. 2021 Germany Cross-sectional neuroimaging study Adolescents aged 14–19 years Not specified Adolescents with obesity and normal weight controls (N = 126 total; 59 obese) Cognitive control (go/no-go fMRI task), emotional regulation, impulsivity, brain activity (insula, prefrontal cortex) Obese adolescents showed reduced activation in insula and PFC during inhibitory control tasks. Altered brain activity linked to impulsivity and emotional regulation deficits. Vidmar et al. 2022 United States Randomized controlled trial Adolescents aged 14–18 years (mean ~ 15.5) Not specified Adolescents with obesity (N = 117); randomized to mHealth alone, mHealth + coaching, or in-person weight loss intervention Food addiction symptom count (YFAS-C), depressive symptoms (CES-DC), perceived stress (PSS), executive function (BRIEF-2), BMI 57% of adolescents showed decreased food addiction symptoms over 24 weeks. Symptom reduction correlated with decreased depression and stress, not with weight loss. No significant difference between intervention arms in pairwise analysis. Vreeken, D et al. 2023 Netherlands Prospective cohort (BARICO study) Mean age 46.1 years (range 35–55) N/A 146 adults with severe obesity, pre- and post-bariatric surgery Cognition, inflammatory markers, adipokines, mood 43.8% showed cognitive improvement; associated with reduced CRP, leptin, and improved mood. Vuong, A.M. et al. 2024 United States (Cincinnati, HOME Study) Prospective birth cohort Adolescents aged ~ 12; maternal mean age 29.5 Maternal: >77% had > high school education 223 mother–adolescent dyads Executive function via BRIEF2 and prenatal OPE exposure Limited evidence for gestational OPE effect on adolescent executive function; BCEP showed weak associations. Wang, X et al. 2024 China Longitudinal cohort (CHARLS, 4-year follow-up) Adults ≥ 45 years; mean 56.2 years 11.3% illiterate; 41.4% elementary; 44.5% middle school 5061 adults cognitively normal at baseline Global cognition, episodic memory, mental intactness Unstable sleep duration (high or low) linked to cognitive decline. Xu, H et al. 2024 Sweden Population-based cohort (SCREAM project) 65 + years; mean age 75 ± 8 N/A 305,122 older adults, free from dementia at baseline Dementia incidence (all-cause, subtypes) AKI increased dementia risk (HR = 1.49); dose-response relationship evident. Xue, Y et al. 2024 China Prospective population-based cohort study (CHARLS) Adults ≥ 45 years; mean age 58.6 Illiteracy: >43% in subgroups; data from Table 2 10,186 Chinese adults, free of CVD at baseline CVD (heart disease, stroke) incidence Central obesity (even with normal BMI) associated with higher CVD risk. Outcomes of Synthesized Findings Obesity and Executive Dysfunction Fifty six studies demonstrated consistent associations between obesity and impairments in executive functions, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. These findings were observed across adolescent, adult, and older adult populations and were independent of psychiatric comorbidities. Depression as a Mediator of Cognitive Impairment Forty one studies showed that depression significantly mediated or moderated the relationship between metabolic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Poorer performance in verbal memory, attention, and processing speed was consistently associated with higher depressive symptom scores. Cognitive Improvement Following Bariatric Surgery Eleven studies examined cognitive trajectories following bariatric surgery, reporting improvements in attention, executive function, and verbal fluency, typically observed within 6 to 12 months post-operatively. These changes were evident across various bariatric techniques. Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Function Three studies supported a negative association between insulin resistance and cognitive performance, with significant effects seen in learning, abstract reasoning, and verbal memory. These associations persisted even in non-obese individuals and after adjustment for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Disordered Eating and Emotional Dysregulation One study demonstrated that disordered eating behaviors—particularly binge eating and emotional eating—were associated with greater emotional lability and cognitive inflexibility, predominantly among adolescents and young adults. Sociocultural Moderators Twelve studies emphasized the impact of sociocultural factors, including gender roles, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, on the experience and reporting of cognitive and emotional difficulties. These findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive diagnostic tools and interventions. Table 2 Synthesized Findings and Number of Contributing Studies per Thematic Category Obesity and executive dysfunction Depression mediates cognitive impairment Bariatric surgery and cognitive recovery Insulin resistance and cognitive deficits Disordered eating and mood lability Sociocultural context moderates cognitive-emotional interaction Alizadeh et al. (2022) Annesi & Gorjala (2010) Alosco et al. (2014) Formiga et al. (2023) Dalen et al. (2010) Cody et al. (2022) Ariza et al. (2025) Annunziato et al. (2009) Canário et al. (2024) Napoli et al. (2014) Katayama et al. (2020) Bancks et al. (2023) Bacon et al. (2002) Fang et al. (2023) Laederach-Hofmann et al. (2002) Kakita et al. (2024) Brinkworth et al. (2009) Berk et al. (2018) Hindle et al. (2020) Fox et al. (2016) Chávez-Manzanera et al. (2022) Chao et al. (2023) Hu et al. (2020) Liu et al. (2024) Chen et al. (2023) Darling et al. (2021) Lan et al. (2021) Chang et al. (2022) Chen et al. (2020) Demos & McDermott (2021) Liu et al. (2021) Cigliobianco et al. (2019) Cserjesi et al. (2009) Drew et al. (2022) Loukou, S. et al. (2024) Lin, Y-H et al. (2021) Dalkner et al. (2019) Durso et al. (2008) Mansur et al. (2021) Strassnig et al. (2015) Deckers et al. (2016) Espeland et al. (2017) Restivo et al. (2016) Xu, H et al. (2024) Fausto et al. (2022) Ferri et al. (2021) Wang, X et al. (2024) Grech et al. (2021) Ganguli et al. (2020) Gallagher et al. (2016) Cherbuin et al. (2015) Green et al. (2013) Mac Giollabhui et al. (2020) Hartmann et al. (2009) Goossens et al. (2011) Hildreth et al. (2014) Guo et al. (2024) Jokinen et al. (2009) Halyburton et al. (2007) Ju & Al Snih (2024) He et al. (2025) Kakoschke et al. (2021) Hjelmesæth et al. (2018) Kim et al. (2023) Hou et al. (2024) Lachner, C et al. (2024) Hwang et al. (2023) Lajim et al. (2024) Jaremka et al. (2014) Lavender et al. (2014) Karakose et al. (2025) Lopez, K.E. et al. (2021) Keating et al. (2005) Lutes, L.D. et al. (2018) Kim & Kang (2020) May et al. (2024) Kim et al. (2024) Morsund et al. (2019) Kim, B. and Kang, S. (2020) Musselman et al. (2019) Kong, D. et al (2019) Nam et al. (2015) Kontari et al. (2018) Paans et al. (2020) Kotackova et al. (2023) Poulton et al. (2024) Lampignano et al. (2022) Rouch et al. (2014) Lee, M. et al. (2023) Soldevila-Matías et al. (2024) Legenbauer et al. (2010) Spitznagel et al. (2013) Lv. N., et al. (2020) Teong et al. (2021) Ma et al. (2024) Vidmar et al. (2022) Mahboobi et al. (2022) Vuong, A.M. et al. (2024) Moon et al. (2024) Xue, Y et al. (2024) Nikendei et al. (2016) Dublin et al. (2015) Rapoport et al. (2000) Połtyn-Zaradna et al. (2025) Schmitz et al. (2018) Huo et al. (2022) Veit et al. (2021) Lutski et al. (2018) Vreeken, D et al. (2023) Peters et al. (2019) Kaup et al. (2015) de Vargas et al. (2021) Salmoirago-Blotcher (2021) Gómez-Martínez et al. (2021) Oh et al. (2024) Gardener et al. (2021) Beeri et al. (2021) Mortimer et al. (2017) Maraldi et al. (2007) Murayama et al. (2025) Du et al. (2024) Fernández de la Puente et al. (2024) Ortega et al. (2024) Methodological Quality All included studies were assessed using the appropriate JBI critical appraisal tools, depending on their study design. Methodological quality was evaluated across multiple domains, including clarity of aims, methodological appropriateness, transparency of data collection, credibility of findings, and the use of validated assessment instruments. A total of nineteen studies were excluded from the final synthesis on the basis of low methodological quality. Specifically, these studies scored “No” or “Unclear” in more than five appraisal domains or had fewer than 70% of their responses rated as “Yes” (Table 1, 2 , 3 , 4 ). In many cases, the studies demonstrated insufficient credibility due to methodological inconsistencies, unclear participant descriptions, or lack of validated outcome measures. These limitations significantly reduced their potential contribution to the meta-aggregated synthesis. The exclusion of these studies was conducted in accordance with JBI methodological guidance to ensure rigor, reduce bias, and enhance the trustworthiness of the review findings. Critical Appraisal Results Table 2 Critical Appraisal of Eligible Cohort Study Citation Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Rapoport L, Clark M, Wardle J. 2000. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Rouch I, Achour-Crawford E, Roche F, Castro-Lionard C, Laurent B, Ntougou Assoumou G, et al. 2014. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Bancks MP, Lovato J, Balasubramanyam A, Coday M, Johnson KC, Munshi M, et al. 2023. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Beeri MS, Tirosh A, Lin HM, Golan S, Boccara E, Sano M, et al. 2022. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Beth Spitznagel M, Alosco M, Strain G, Devlin M, Cohen R, Paul R, et al. 2013. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Canário N, Crisóstomo J, Duarte JV, Moreno C, Quental H, Gomes L, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Chávez-Manzanera E, Ramírez-Flores M, Duran M, Torres M, Ramírez M, Kaufer-Horwitz M, et al. 2022. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Chen Z, Ho M, Chau PH. 2023. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Cherbuin N, Sargent-Cox K, Fraser M, Sachdev P, Anstey KJ. 2015. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Cody KA, Koscik RL, Erickson CM, Berman SE, Jonaitis EM, Williams VJ, et al. 2022. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Dalkner N, Bengesser S, Birner A, Rieger A, Seebauer J, Platzer M, et al. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Deckers K, van Boxtel MPJ, Verhey FRJ, Köhler S. 2017. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Du M, Liu M, Liu J. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Dublin S, Walker RL, Gray SL, Hubbard RA, Anderson ML, Yu O, et al. 2015. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Fausto BA, Azimipour S, Charles L, Yarborough C, Grullon K, Hokett E, et al. 2022. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Fernández De La Puente M, Marti A, Canudas S, Zalba G, Razquin C, Boccardi V, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ferri F, Deschênes SS, Power N, Schmitz N. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Gallagher D, Kiss A, Lanctot K, Herrmann N. 2016. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ganguli M, Beer JC, Zmuda JM, Ryan CM, Sullivan KJ, Chang CCH, et al. 2020. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N/A Y Gardener H, Caunca M, Dong C, Cheung YK, Rundek T, Elkind MSV, et al. 2020. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Gómez-Martínez C, Babio N, Júlvez J, Becerra-Tomás N, Martínez-González MÃ, Corella D, et al. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Goossens L, Braet C, Verbeken S, Decaluwé V, Bosmans G. 2011. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Green MW, Elliman NA. 2013. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Guo T, Zou Q, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Lin H, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y He J, Zhang H, Wu Z, Jin L, Ji Y. 2025. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Hildreth KL, Grigsby J, Bryant LL, Wolfe P, Baxter J. 2014. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Hindle A, De la Piedad Garcia X, Hayden M, O’Brien PE, Brennan L. 2020. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Hou D, Sun Y, Liu Z, Sun H, Li Y, Wang R. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Hu Y, Ji G, Li G, Manza P, Zhang W, Wang J, et al. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Huo N, Vemuri P, Graff-Radford J, Syrjanen J, Machulda M, Knopman DS, et al. 2022. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Hwang IC, Ahn HY. 2023. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Jokinen H, Kalska H, Ylikoski R, Madureira S, Verdelho A, Gouw A, et al. 2009. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ju RH, Al Snih S. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Kakita D, Harada K, Kurita S, Morikawa M, Nishijima C, Fujii K, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Karakose S, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. 2025. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Katayama O, Lee S, Bae S, Makino K, Shinkai Y, Chiba I, et al. 2020. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Kaup AR, Nettiksimmons J, Harris TB, Sink KM, Satterfield S, Metti AL, et al. 2015. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Keating NL, Nørredam M, Landrum MB, Huskamp HA, Meara E. 2005. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Kim B, Kang S. 2020. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N/A Y Kim B, Samuel LJ, Thorpe RJ, Crews DC, Szanton SL. 2023. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Kim ES, Wilkinson R, Okuzono SS, Chen Y, Shiba K, Cowden RG, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Kong D, Solomon P, Dong X. 2019. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Kontari P, Smith KJ. 2019. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Kotackova L, Marecek R, Mouraviev A, Tang A, Brazdil M, Cierny M, et al. 2023. N/A N/A Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N/A Y Lachner C, Craver EC, Babulal GM, Lucas JA, Ferman TJ, White RO, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Lajim D, Mazlan M, Amin SM, Suhaimi A. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Lampignano L, Sardone R, D’Urso F, Altamura M, Piccininni C, Griseta C, et al. 2022. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Lan YT, Blacker D, Yuan C, Chibnik LB, Hofman A, Ma Y. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Lavender JM, Alosco ML, Spitznagel MB, Strain G, Devlin M, Cohen R, et al. 2014. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Lee SY, Nyunt MSZ, Gao Q, Gwee X, Chua DQL, Yap KB, et al. 2023. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Legenbauer TM, de Zwaan M, Mühlhans B, Petrak F, Herpertz S. 2010. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Liu S, Luo J, Xiao Z, Wu W, Liang X, Zhao Q, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Liu Y, Gu N, Jiang L, Cao X, Li C. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Lutski M, Weinstein G, Ben-Zvi S, Goldbourt U, Tanne D. 2022. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Mac Giollabhui N, Swistun D, Murray S, Moriarity DP, Kautz MM, Ellman LM, et al. 2020. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Maraldi C, Volpato S, Penninx BW, Yaffe K, Simonsick EM, Strotmeyer ES, et al. 2007. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y May AC, Hendrickson RC, Pagulayan KF, Schindler AG. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Morsund ÃH, Ellekjær H, Gramstad A, Reiestad MT, Midgard R, Sando SB, et al. 2019. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Mortimer JE, Waliany S, Dieli-Conwright CM, Patel SK, Hurria A, Chao J, et al. 2017. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Murayama H, Iizuka A, Machida M, Amagasa S, Inoue S, Fujiwara T, et al. 2025. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Nam S, Al Snih S, Markides K. 2016. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Oh G, Moga DC, Fardo DW, Harp JP, Abner EL. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ortega N, Schütte L, de Crom TOE, Voortman T, Okereke OI, Vinceti M, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y U U Y Peters R. 2019. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y Y Y Y PoÅ‚tyn-Zaradna K, Pazdro-Zastawny K, SzczeÅ›niak D, Basiak-RasaÅ‚a A, WoÅ‚yniec M, ZatoÅ„ska K, et al. 2025. Y Y Y Y Y U Y U U U Y Restivo MR, McKinnon MC, Frey BN, Hall GB, Taylor VH. 2016. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y U U Y Schmitz N, Deschênes SS, Burns RJ, Danna SM, Franco OH, Ikram MA, et al. 2018. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y U U Y Simon MS, Barton B, Zagler A, Engl K, Rihs L, Glocker C, et al. 2023. U U Y Y N U Y N U U Y Soria-Contreras DC, Wang S, Liu J, Lawn RB, Mitsunami M, Purdue-Smithe AC, et al. 2025. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y U U Y Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. 2022. U U Y Y Y U Y Y Y U Y Van Zutphen EM, Rijnhart JJM, Rhebergen D, Muller M, Huisman M, Beekman A, et al. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y U U Y Vreeken D, Seidel F, Custers EM, Olsthoorn L, Cools S, Aarts EO, et al. 2023. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y U U Y Vuong AM, Percy Z, Yang W, Godbole AM, Ospina M, Calafat AM, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Wang X, Luo L, Zhao J, Guo X, Tao L, Zhang F, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U U Y Xu H, Eriksdotter M, Garcia-Ptacek S, Ferreira D, Ji D, Bruchfeld A, et al. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Xue Y, Yang X, Liu G. 2024. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y U U Y Yaffe K, Blackwell T, Kanaya AM, Davidowitz N, Barrett-Connor E, Krueger K. 2004. Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N N Y Yang J, Jacobson LP, Becker JT, Levine A, Martin EM, Munro CA, et al. 2018. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y U U Y Camacho-Barcia L, Munguía L, Lucas I, de la Torre R, Salas-Salvadó J, Pintó X, et al. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y U U Y Palacios N, Scott T, Sahasrabudhe N, Gao X, Tucker KL. 2020. Y Y Y Y Y U Y Y N U Y Grech O, Clouter A, Mitchell JL, Alimajstorovic Z, Ottridge RS, Yiangou A, et al. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Formiga F, Badía-Tejero AM, Corsonello A, Ärnlöv J, Carlsson AC, Mattace-Raso F, et al. 2023. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y % 96.34 96.34 100.0 100.0 98.78 82.92 100.0 97.56 71.95 69.51 100.0 Table 3 Critical Appraisal of Eligible Qualitative Research Citation Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Rieber N, Giel KE, Meile T, Enck P, Zipfel S, Teufel M. 2013. U Y Y Y Y U U U Y Y Rosas LG, Xiao L, Lv N, Lavori PW, Venditti EM, Snowden MB, et al. 2021. U Y Y Y Y U U U Y Y Ahmadzad-Asl M, Dinarvand B, Bodaghi F, Shariat SV, Sabzvari Z, Talebi M, et al. 2022. U Y Y Y Y N N N Y Y % 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 Table 4 Critical Appraisal of Eligible Quasi-Experimental Study Citation Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Alizadeh M, Dehghanizade J. 2022. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Hartmann H, Pauli LK, Janssen LK, Huhn S, Ceglarek U, Horstmann A. 2020. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Musselman D, Shenvi N, Manatunga A, Miller AH, Lin E, Gletsu-Miller N. 2019. Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Nikendei C, Schäfer H, Weisbrod M, Huber J, Geis N, Katus HA, et al. 2016. Y Y Y N Y U Y Y Y Strassnig MT, Signorile JF, Potiaumpai M, Romero MA, Gonzalez C, Czaja S, et al. 2015. Y Y Y Y U U Y Y Y % 100.0 100.0 100.0 60.0 80.0 60.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Table 5 Critical Appraisal of Eligible Randomized Controlled Trial Citation Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Annunziato RA, Timko CA, Crerand CE, Didie ER, Bellace DL, Phelan S, et al. 2009. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Bacon L, Keim NL, Van Loan MD, Derricote M, Gale B, Kazaks A, et al. 2002. Y U Y N N U Y N Y Y Y Y Y Berk KA, Buijks HIM, Verhoeven AJM, Mulder MT, Özcan B, van ’t Spijker A, et al. 2018. Y Y Y Y N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Chao AM, Zhou Y, Erus G, Davatzikos C, Cardel MI, Foster GD, et al. 2023. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Cheatham RA, Roberts SB, Das SK, Gilhooly CH, Golden JK, Hyatt R, et al. 2009. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Coates AM, Morgillo S, Yandell C, Scholey A, Buckley JD, Dyer KA, et al. 2020. Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Crichton GE, Murphy KJ, Howe PRC, Buckley JD, Bryan J. 2012. U U Y U U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y de Vargas LDS, Jantsch J, Fontoura JR, Dorneles GP, Peres A, Guedes RP. 2023. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Demos McDermott KE, Leblond TL, Dunsiger SI, Rothman AJ, Wing RR. 2022. Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Drew RJ, Morgan PJ, Young MD. 2022. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Espeland MA, Luchsinger JA, Baker LD, Neiberg R, Kahn SE, Arnold SE, et al. 2017. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Fang YY, Lee JI, Wu NY, Chang CI, Huang MC, Lee CY, et al. 2023. Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Fox CK, Kaizer AM, Rudser KD, Nathan BM, Gross AC, Sunni M, et al. 2016. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Halyburton AK, Brinkworth GD, Wilson CJ, Noakes M, Buckley JD, Keogh JB, et al. 2007. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Hjelmesæth J, Rosenvinge JH, Gade H, Friborg O. 2019. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Jaremka LM, Derry HM, Bornstein R, Prakash RS, Peng J, Belury MA, et al. 2014. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Kakoschke N, Zajac IT, Tay J, Luscombe-Marsh ND, Thompson CH, Noakes M, et al. 2021. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Karl JP, Thompson LA, Niro PJ, Margolis LM, McClung JP, Cao JJ, et al. 2015. Y U Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Krikorian R, Shidler MD, Summer SS. 2023. Y U Y Y U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Lin YH, Chiou JM, Chen TF, Lai LC, Chen JH, Chen YC. 2021. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Lopez KE, Salvy SJ, Fink C, Werner J, Wee CP, Hegedus E, et al. 2021. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Loukou S, Papantoniou G, Pantazaki A, Tsolaki M. 2024. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Lutes LD, Cummings DM, Littlewood K, Solar C, Carraway M, Kirian K, et al. 2018. Y Y U N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Lv N, Ajilore OA, Ronneberg CR, Venditti EM, Snowden MB, Lavori PW, et al. 2020. Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Lv N, Hallihan H, Xiao L, Williams LM, Ajilore OA, Ma J. 2023. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Ma K, Zhou T, Pu C, Cheng Z, Han X, Yang L, et al. 2024. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Mahboobi S, Ghasvarian M, Ghaem H, Alipour H, Alipour S, Eftekhari MH. 2022. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Mansur RB, Delgado-Peraza F, Subramaniapillai M, Lee Y, Iacobucci M, Nasri F, et al. 2021. Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Moon SY, Park YK, Jeong JH, Hong CH, Jung J, Na HR, et al. 2025. Y Y Y N N U Y N Y Y Y Y Y Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Noakes M, Clifton PM, Wilson CJ. 2009. Y Y Y N N U Y N Y Y Y Y Y Napoli N, Shah K, Waters DL, Sinacore DR, Qualls C, Villareal DT. 2014. Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Paans NPG, Bot M, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Gili M, Roca M, et al. 2020. Y U Y U U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Poulton A, Gauci N, Khalifa H, Hibbert EJ, Poulton AS. 2024. Y U Y Y Y U Y U U Y Y Y Y Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Trivedi D, Dunsiger S, Harris K, Breault C, Yang Santos C, et al. 2021. Y U Y U U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Soldevila-Domenech N, Forcano L, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Cuenca-Royo A, Pintó X, Jiménez-Murcia S, et al. 2021. Y U Y U U U Y U Y Y Y Y Y Soldevila-Matías P, Sánchez-Ortí JV, Correa-Ghisays P, Balanzá-Martínez V, Selva-Vera G, Sanchis-Sanchis R, et al. 2024. Y U Y U U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Teong XT, Hutchison AT, Liu B, Wittert GA, Lange K, Banks S, et al. 2021. Y U Y U U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Veit R, Schag K, Schopf E, Borutta M, Kreutzer J, Ehlis AC, et al. 2021. Y U Y U U U Y U Y Y Y Y Y Vidmar AP, Yamashita N, Fox DS, Hegedus E, Wee CP, Salvy SJ. 2022. Y U Y U U U Y U Y Y Y Y Y Wen HJ, Tsai CL. 2020. Y U Y U U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Annesi JJ, Gorjala S. 2010. Y U Y U U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Krikorian R, Eliassen JC, Boespflug EL, Nash TA, Shidler MD. 2010. Y U Y Y Y U Y U U Y Y Y Y % 97.61 64.28 97.61 19.04 16.66 59.52 100.0 33.33 95.23 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Discussion This systematic review addresses the intricate relationship among cognitive function, metabolic alterations, disordered eating behaviors, and mood dysregulation, reinforcing the critical need to examine these domains together rather than in isolation. The data indicate that cognitive impairments, particularly in executive function, memory, and attentional domains, are prevalent among individuals with eating disorders and are frequently associated with concurrent metabolic disturbances and mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. The association between metabolic dysfunction—including obesity, insulin resistance, and nutritional deficits—and cognitive impairment has been repeatedly documented across populations. This review observed that depressive symptoms significantly mediate the link between metabolic disturbance and poorer cognitive outcomes in eating disorder populations, a finding congruent with evidence suggesting that mood dysregulation can exacerbate or reveal underlying cognitive vulnerabilities( 27 , 28 ). The biological plausibility for this relationship is supported by neuroimaging and biomarker studies, which demonstrate that dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex and chronic stress responses can impair cognitive flexibility, control, and higher executive processes—factors essential for emotional regulation and adaptive eating behaviors( 29 , 30 ). Current research demonstrates that the relationship between metabolic parameters and cognitive function is complex and not uniformly direct or robust across all studies. Although metabolic and nutritional rehabilitation are cornerstones in treating cognitive sequelae of disordered eating, multiple studies reveal that cognitive deficits — especially executive dysfunction and memory impairment — may persist even after normalization of metabolic indices or stabilization of body weight. This persistence suggests a multifactorial etiology in which premorbid neurodevelopmental factors, genetic vulnerabilities, or entrenched psychological traits (sometimes termed "trait vulnerabilities") play a considerable role in cognitive outcomes, beyond the effects of acute nutritional status( 31 , 32 ). For example, Beeri et al. (2022) found that while metabolic control improved some cognitive outcomes, a significant number of individuals continued to experience cognitive deficits, raising the possibility that these impairments may be enduring or only partially reversible( 31 ). Similar patterns have been observed in both aging and obesity research, where cognitive decrements can predate metabolic syndrome or persist after significant weight loss( 29 , 32 ). Thus, there is a growing consensus that neuropsychological intervention—targeting enduring cognitive dysfunction—remains necessary alongside metabolic rehabilitation. This also underscores the need for longitudinal studies to better disentangle causal pathways and identify which cognitive deficits are state-dependent versus trait-like. The rationale for mind-body interventions (such as mindfulness, yoga, and cognitive-behavioral therapy) lies in their demonstrated ability to enhance psychological well-being, reduce maladaptive stress responses, and modestly improve metabolic outcomes ( 33 , 34 ). These practices promote greater self-awareness and cognitive flexibility, which can facilitate healthier eating behaviors and emotion regulation. Mindfulness-based interventions, for instance, have been shown to reduce binge eating and emotional eating, improve mood stability, and enhance working memory and attention in individuals with eating disorders or obesity( 33 – 35 ). Despite these potential benefits, outcome variability across different populations is significant and highlights the importance of culturally competent care. Studies increasingly show that cultural background, health literacy, socioeconomic status, and community support strongly influence both the prevalence of disordered eating and the response to mind–body or behavioral interventions( 34 ). For example, individuals from ethnic minorities or lower socioeconomic strata may face additional stressors, barriers to care, or divergent beliefs regarding mental health and somatic symptoms, which influence both engagement in and benefit from intervention. Therefore, further research is warranted to optimize assessment tools, adapt interventions to be culturally sensitive, and explore social determinants of health in the context of cognitive recovery and eating disorder management. The review also identifies emotion regulation difficulties as a core transdiagnostic feature underlying disordered eating behaviors. Poor emotional awareness, impulse control, and affective instability are strongly associated with both symptom severity and poorer cognitive performance, further reinforcing the clinical utility of interventions that target emotion regulation as part of a comprehensive treatment plan( 35 ). The principal findings of this systematic review highlight a consistent and robust co-occurrence of cognitive impairment, metabolic alterations, and mood dysregulation among individuals experiencing disordered eating behaviors. Notably, depressive symptoms exert a pronounced influence on this triadic relationship, significantly mediating or moderating the impact of metabolic dysfunction on cognitive performance. This interplay reflects a complex biopsychosocial framework whereby cognitive deficits—frequently involving executive function, attention, and memory—are not only a consequence of metabolic or nutritional disturbances but are also intimately tied to mood-related factors such as depression and anxiety. This multi-domain convergence underscores that disordered eating is not solely a behavioral or metabolic issue but a multidimensional condition involving intertwined neurocognitive and affective components ( 34 ). Clinically, these findings advocate for an integrated treatment model that breaks down the traditional silos separating mental and physical health care. Effective management of eating disorders should equally prioritize the assessment and treatment of cognitive dysfunction, metabolic health, and mood disturbances, recognizing their dynamic interactions. Regular screening for cognitive impairments and emotional problems should become a routine component in clinical settings catering to eating disorder populations, enabling early identification and intervention for potentially persistent neuropsychological deficits. Multidisciplinary approaches are warranted, combining nutritional rehabilitation with cognitive remediation therapies aimed at improving executive skills and memory, alongside mind–body interventions such as mindfulness, yoga, and stress reduction techniques which can enhance emotional regulation and metabolic outcomes. Moreover, treatment plans need to be tailored to individual patient needs and cognizant of the patient’s cultural and socioeconomic context. Sociocultural factors—including ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and social support—moderate the manifestation and trajectory of eating disorders, as well as the patient’s engagement with and responsiveness to treatment. Culturally appropriate psychoeducational programs and preventive measures are essential to address body image concerns and eating behaviors within diverse populations, improving access and adherence to interventions( 34 ). The integration of sociocultural sensitivity into clinical care enhances therapeutic alliance and promotes holistic recovery. Study limitations There are several limitations that need to be acknowledged. The included studies displayed heterogeneity in terms of design, population characteristics, and assessment tools, limiting comparability and generalizability of the findings. Many studies utilized cross-sectional designs, preventing definitive conclusions regarding causality and the directionality of observed associations( 28 ). Publication bias remains a concern, as studies reporting significant findings are likelier to be published. Additionally, not all studies accounted for important confounders such as comorbid psychiatric or medical conditions, or medication effects, which could influence cognitive outcomes and metabolic status. Research gaps also persist in the simultaneous, dynamic assessment of cognitive, metabolic, and affective domains, and the included studies were predominantly from Western populations, highlighting the need for broader cross-cultural inquiry. In summary, this review highlights the complex, multidimensional nature of eating disorders and related cognitive and metabolic dysfunctions. The findings strongly advocate for a holistic, individualized approach to treatment and underscore the necessity for further large-scale, longitudinal, and culturally diverse research to clarify mechanisms and optimize clinical outcomes. Conclusion This qualitative systematic review offers a comprehensive synthesis of evidence linking cognitive function, metabolic alterations, disordered eating behaviors, and mood dysregulation across diverse populations. Drawing on 123 methodologically robust studies, the findings highlight the intricate interplay between somatic and psychological domains, supporting a biopsychosocial framework of understanding human health. Specifically, obesity and insulin resistance were consistently associated with executive dysfunction and cognitive decline, while depression emerged as a central mediator in these associations. Improvements in cognitive performance following bariatric surgery, as well as the cognitive-emotional consequences of disordered eating, further reinforce the mind–body connection. Additionally, sociocultural factors were shown to shape how these relationships are expressed and experienced, underscoring the need for culturally sensitive approaches in both assessment and intervention. The synthesis emphasizes the importance of integrated clinical care models that simultaneously address metabolic, cognitive, and emotional health. Future research should adopt longitudinal and interdisciplinary approaches to better elucidate causal pathways and to inform personalized, holistic treatment strategies. Overall, this review contributes to a growing body of literature advocating for the integration of psychological and physiological dimensions in health assessment, particularly in populations at risk for cognitive and metabolic comorbidity. Abbreviations Abbreviation Full Term JBI The review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute CENTRAL Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials MMSE Mental State Examination TMT Trail Making Test WCST Wisconsin Card Sorting Test WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test BDI Beck Depression Inventory HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale BES Binge Eating Scale TFEQ Factor Eating Questionnaire DERS Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale BMI Body Mass Index Declarations The authors recognize the importance of equity, diversity, and inclusion in research. This review considers a broad range of populations and contexts, including studies from both high-income and low- and middle-income countries, to ensure that diverse voices and experiences are represented in the synthesis. The reviewers are committed to minimizing bias by considering sociocultural and geographic factors that may influence the relationship between cognitive function, metabolic health, disordered eating, and mood disorders. Funding This review did not receive any specific grant or funding from public, commercial, or not-for-profit agencies. The funders had no role in the design, conduct, data extraction, analysis, interpretation, or reporting of this review. Author contributions VP & SSC contributes equally to every step of the publication Conflicts of interest There is no conflict of interest in this project. The authors declare no personal, financial, professional, or intellectual bias related to the conduct or outcomes of this review. References Duncan AE, Ziobrowski HN, Nicol GE (2017) The Prevalence of Past 12-Month and Lifetime DSM‐IV Eating Disorders by BMI Category in US Men and Women. 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Looking for New Diagnostic Biomarkers Rodrigues ME, de Bekhbat S, Houser M, Chang MC, Walker J, Jones DI (2017) Chronic Psychological Stress and High-Fat High-Fructose Diet Disrupt Metabolic and Inflammatory Gene Networks in the Brain, Liver, and Gut and Promote Behavioral Deficits in Mice. Brain Behav Immun 59:158–172 Roohafza H, Sadeghi M, Talaei M, Pourmoghaddas Z, Sarrafzadegan N (2012) Psychological Status and Quality of Life in Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome: Isfahan Cohort Study. Int J Endocrinol 2012:1–5 Tosun AS, Zincir H (2019) The Effect of a Transtheoretical Model–based Motivational Interview on Self-efficacy, Metabolic Control, and Health Behaviour in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Nurs Pract. ;25(4) Noghabi AD (2021) Psychological Factors of Metabolic Syndrome. J Biomedical Res Environ Sci 2(7):641–643 Islam MdS, Page-Hefley S, Hernandez AP, Whelchel L, Crasto C, Viator W et al (2023) Change in Urinary Inflammatory Biomarkers and Psychological Health With Gut Microbiome Modulation After Six Months of a Lifestyle Modification Program in Children. Nutrients 15(19):4243 Wei GX, Gong ZQ, Yang Z, Zuo X (2017) Mind-Body Practice Changes Fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations in Intrinsic Control Networks. Front Psychol. ;8 Hart J (2011) Neuroimaging for Mind–Body Medicine: Understanding the Brain’s Critical Role. Altern Complement Ther 17(3):152–155 Skrzypiec AE, Shah RS, Schiavon E, Baker EH, Skene N, Pawlak R et al (2013) Stress-Induced Lipocalin-2 Controls Dendritic Spine Formation and Neuronal Activity in the Amygdala. PLoS ONE 8(4):e61046 Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ [Internet]. 2021 Mar 29 [cited 2025 Jul 6];372. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71 JBI Critical Appraisal Tools | JBI [Internet] [cited 2025 Jul 6]. Available from: https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools Bancks MP, Lovato J, Balasubramanyam A, Coday M, Johnson KC, Munshi M et al (2023) Association of Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups With Cognitive Status Without Modification From Lifestyle Intervention. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism [Internet]. ;108(6):e334–42. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159739983&doi=10.1210%2fclinem%2fdgac706&partnerID=40&md5=d46c7deee7db5dc2a9f18ba47e060cff Schmitz N, Deschênes SS, Burns RJ, Danna SM, Franco OH, Ikram MA et al (2018) Cardiometabolic dysregulation and cognitive decline: Potential role of depressive symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry [Internet]. ;212(2):96–102. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043515287&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.2017.26&partnerID=40&md5=76130d3334120cffbeb4cb43ebfd335e Cherbuin N, Sargent-Cox K, Fraser M, Sachdev P, Anstey KJ (2015) Being overweight is associated with hippocampal atrophy: The PATH Through Life Study. Int J Obes [Internet]. ;39(10):1509–14. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84943449948&doi=10.1038%2fijo.2015.106&partnerID=40&md5=6494e8c35bffb7459eb24c07cf954376 Green MW, Elliman NA (2013) Are dieting-related cognitive impairments a function of iron status? British Journal of Nutrition [Internet]. ;109(1):184–92. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872045723&doi=10.1017%2fS0007114512000864&partnerID=40&md5=24 a531046487e1dbc48bb4959cbd0bdf Beeri MS, Tirosh A, Lin HM, Golan S, Boccara E, Sano M et al (2022) Stability in BMI over time is associated with a better cognitive trajectory in older adults. Alzheimer’s and Dementia [Internet]. ;18(11):2131–9. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123177231&doi=10.1002%2falz.12525&partnerID=40&md5=61efbe52dd9d7eca68cf965ba6ac14bb Beth Spitznagel M, Alosco M, Strain G, Devlin M, Cohen R, Paul R et al (2013) Cognitive function predicts 24-month weight loss success after bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases [Internet]. ;9(5):765–70. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885066785&doi=10.1016%2fj.soard.2013.04.011&partnerID=40&md5=8604e921a06a637b182f00886a77ed3a Rieber N, Giel KE, Meile T, Enck P, Zipfel S, Teufel M (2013) Psychological dimensions after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: Reduced mental burden, improved eating behavior, and ongoing need for cognitive eating control. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases [Internet]. ;9(4):569–73. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881160118&doi=10.1016%2fj.soard.2012.05.008&partnerID=40&md5=99c44b606b0c0bb8d85ce0161b9fc1db Annunziato RA, Timko CA, Crerand CE, Didie ER, Bellace DL, Phelan S et al (2009) A randomized trial examining differential meal replacement adherence in a weight loss maintenance program after one-year follow-up. Eat Behav [Internet]. ;10(3):176–83. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68049104341&doi=10.1016%2fj.eatbeh.2009.05.003&partnerID=40&md5=6af39550d39bcb579547083781797d92 Lavender JM, Alosco ML, Spitznagel MB, Strain G, Devlin M, Cohen R et al (2014) Association between binge eating disorder and changes in cognitive functioning following bariatric surgery. J Psychiatr Res [Internet]. ;59:148–54. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908337975&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpsychires.2014.08.004&partnerID=40&md5=528c8c57db6e6dc5118e4910a3e9cfc1 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files Appendices.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7278470","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":494689426,"identity":"fb538dd6-eee8-44b7-8916-f52d1621d1aa","order_by":0,"name":"Varvara Papasideri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBADHoYDDAwHPgBZbOykaDk4A6SFmWh7gFqYeUAMQloMDvAe/FxQUyfDd7z34WGbX9vk+ZgZGD98zMGnhS9ZesaxwzySZ44bHM7tu23YxszALDlzG24tkg08BtI8bAd4DG6kMRzO7bnNCNTCxsyLX4vxb55/dTwG958xHLbsuW1PUAs/A4+ZNG8bM9AWNobDDD9uJxLWwsyXZj2zD+SXNIaDvQ23k9uYGZvx+oWNvffw7YJvdfZ8x48xf/jx57bt/Pbmgx8+4tECigtERDC2gckGPOpBAFkLwx8CikfBKBgFo2BEAgB1fUz2Bvt3mQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9531-6207","institution":"School of Humanities, Social and Education Sciences, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Varvara","middleName":"","lastName":"Papasideri","suffix":""},{"id":494689427,"identity":"b9af8eb5-a11c-46a2-a028-2eb856181a5a","order_by":1,"name":"Stylianos Sergios Chatziioannou","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6394-1891","institution":"School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Stylianos","middleName":"Sergios","lastName":"Chatziioannou","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-02 13:12:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7278470/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7278470/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88348817,"identity":"91313ba5-305f-44e6-95e7-1015e25ebaa2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 14:01:49","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":52994,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePRISMA flow chart\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7278470/v1/3281230c91620f7b8a6fc363.png"},{"id":88351937,"identity":"343afb43-f80a-482d-a0e3-8b65194fc88d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 14:25:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3741502,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7278470/v1/39897fb1-9ebc-452d-85f3-f27ef04c266a.pdf"},{"id":88348819,"identity":"797bd65e-d402-4a4a-a208-89e7794e36cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-05 14:01:49","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14163,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Appendices.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7278470/v1/6245233b2b00b485bc168c6d.docx"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eA Qualitative Systematic Review of Cognitive Function, Metabolic Alterations, Disordered Eating, and Mood Dysregulation in the Context of the Mind–Body Connection\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe intricate interplay among cognitive function, metabolic alterations, disordered eating behaviors, and mood dysregulation is a critical area of research that has gained momentum in both psychological and nutritional sciences. This multifaceted interaction is pivotal to understanding the complexities of eating disorders, their impacts on mental and physical health, and the implications for managing treatment through a mind–body connection perspective. Cognitive distortions commonly seen in individuals with eating disorders reflect underlying psychological issues such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, all of which can undermine cognitive functioning and emotional regulation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDisordered eating behaviors, characterized by maladaptive eating patterns, are not only manifestations of psychological distress but also contributors to metabolic and emotional dysregulation. Research indicates a high prevalence of cognitive deficits among individuals with eating disorders, particularly affecting attention, memory, and decision-making capabilities(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). These cognitive impairments can make individuals more susceptible to mood dysregulation, which, in turn, can influence their eating behaviors, creating a feedback loop that complicates treatment efforts (AlHadi et al., 2022; Hay, 2020). Mood disturbances, particularly those characterized by fluctuation and instability, are often correlated with binge eating and other maladaptive eating behaviors (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe relationship between cognitive function and metabolic alterations further complicates the clinical picture. Various metabolic changes associated with eating disorders—including dysregulation of insulin and other hormones—impact cognitive processes, leading to reduced cognitive flexibility and difficulties in regulating (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). For example, chronic stress related to disordered eating can lead to hormonal imbalance, especially in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in elevated cortisol levels that adversely affect brain function and emotional stability(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). This physiological pathway highlights the importance of addressing both psychological and metabolic factors in treatment strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoreover, the emergence of metabolic syndrome as a significant factor influencing both psychological health and cognitive functioning brings to light new avenues for intervention. Metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, has been shown to have a strong association with psychosocial stressors(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). The chronic exposure to psychosocial stress can lead to inflammatory responses that further exacerbate cognitive impairment and mood dysregulation, illustrating a bidirectional relationship between mental and physical health(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecent advancements in neuroimaging techniques have provided deeper insights into the brain mechanisms underlying these connections. Studies have shown that cognitive control regions in the brain—such as the prefrontal cortex—play essential roles in regulating emotional and metabolic states (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). Disruptions in neural connectivity associated with chronic psychological stress can decrease cognitive flexibility, which is critical for managing eating behaviors and emotional responses. Understanding these neurobiological frameworks allows for the development of interdisciplinary treatment methods that incorporate cognitive-behavioral strategies to improve both cognitive function and psychological resilience(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMind-body interventions, such as mindfulness practices and yoga, have garnered attention for their efficacy in promoting psychological well-being and assuming potential benefits for metabolic health as well. These practices are thought to mitigate stress responses and enhance self-regulation, thereby promoting healthier eating behaviors. Incorporating mind-body therapies into treatment protocols for eating disorders could enhance patients’ abilities to manage their emotional responses and foster healthier metabolic profiles(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, evidence suggests that participation in programs emphasizing mindfulness leads to improvements in body image, increased mood stability, and enhanced cognitive function, supporting a holistic treatment approach(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe role of societal and environmental influences cannot be overlooked in understanding the relationships between disordered eating, cognitive function, and mood dysregulation. For many individuals, societal pressures regarding body image profoundly impact psychological well-being and dietary habits. The rise of social media has exemplified these pressures, as individuals, particularly adolescents, are increasingly exposed to unrealistic body ideals that can fuel anxiety and dissatisfaction with their own bodies, leading to disordered eating(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). This societal context highlights the necessity for culturally sensitive interventions that address not just the individual’s symptoms but also the broader social constructs that perpetuate disordered eating behaviors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoreover, understanding the unique experiences of diverse populations concerning eating disorders and related mood dysregulation is crucial. Factors such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and social environment can markedly influence the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and the associated psychological distress, suggesting that treatment must be tailored to the individual’s cultural and socio-economic context(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). Implementing culturally appropriate educational and preventive measures could mitigate the onset of disordered eating behaviors and promote healthier perspectives surrounding body image and nutritional practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe objective of this review is to systematically examine and synthesize observational evidence on the relationships between cognitive function, metabolic dysfunction (obesity and/or insulin resistance), and depression or mood disorders in human populations aged 12 years and older. This review aims to provide a clearer understanding of how these conditions co-occur and interact, contributing to theoretical models of mind-body interconnection and informing more holistic, integrated approaches to clinical assessment and intervention. In this context, the complex interrelations between cognitive function, metabolic alterations, disordered eating behaviors, and mood dysregulation are essential for developing effective intervention strategies in clinical practice. By acknowledging the multidimensional nature of these variables, healthcare providers can better understand the intricacies of eating disorders and their associated comorbidities. This comprehensive understanding emphasizes the need for integrated treatment approaches that not only address immediate psychological concerns but also foster long-term emotional and metabolic health. Continued exploration of these interrelationships through empirical research will further illuminate potential avenues for holistic interventions, ultimately enhancing our understanding of the mind–body connection in health and well-being. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest and most comprehensive systematic review conducted to date on this topic, integrating cognitive, metabolic, affective, and behavioral dimensions within a unified evidence base.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Review question","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn individuals with metabolic or affective disorders, what associations exist between cognitive function, disordered eating patterns, and mood regulation?\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials \u0026 Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtocol and Registration\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD420251073979). The review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for qualitative systematic reviews using a meta-aggregation approach.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRationale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA meta-analysis was not conducted due to the qualitative nature of the included studies and the substantial methodological and thematic heterogeneity observed across studies in terms of participant populations, diagnostic tools, cognitive domains assessed, and definitions of metabolic and mood-related exposures. Consequently, a systematic review employing a qualitative meta-aggregation approach was undertaken to synthesize and interpret findings across eligible studies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEligibility Criteria\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncluded studies were observational in design (cohort studies, case-control studies, or randomized controlled trials with relevant baseline data) and explored associations between cognitive function and one or more of the following exposures: obesity, insulin resistance, depression, or mood disorders. Eligible populations included adolescents (aged 12 and older), adults, and older adults, from clinical or community-based settings. Studies had to employ validated diagnostic tools or standardized instruments to assess both exposures and outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExclusion criteria comprised cross-sectional designs, qualitative-only reports, case studies, editorials, reviews, and conference abstracts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInformation Sources and Search Strategy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA comprehensive literature search was carried out across MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Scopus. The search was limited to articles published in English, without date restrictions. A peer-reviewed strategy was developed following the PRESS 2015 Guideline and included a combination of controlled vocabulary and keywords such as “cognitive function,” “obesity,” “insulin resistance,” “depression,” and “mood disorders.” The full search strategy is publicly available on the PROSPERO record. Grey literature and unpublished studies were not included.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudy Selection and Data Management\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll records identified through the search were imported into Mendeley for de-duplication. Titles and abstracts were screened independently by two reviewers against the predefined inclusion criteria. Full-text articles were subsequently reviewed for eligibility. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer. The selection process was documented using a PRISMA flow diagram to ensure transparency and reproducibility(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eData Extraction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were extracted independently by two reviewers using a standardized data extraction form based on JBI SUMARI(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). Extracted data included: study design, population characteristics, exposures assessed, cognitive and psychological outcomes, measurement tools, and key findings. Qualitative findings, including participant narratives and author interpretations, were extracted verbatim when available. No authors were contacted for additional or missing data.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eQuality Assessment\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe methodological quality of each included study was appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists appropriate to the study design(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). Two reviewers independently assessed each study, with discrepancies resolved through discussion or third-party adjudication. Studies were rated as “good,” “fair,” or “poor” based on methodological rigor and reporting quality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRisk of Bias and Reporting Bias\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudy-level risk of bias was assessed during critical appraisal. Although a formal quantitative analysis of reporting bias was not conducted, included studies were evaluated for selective outcome reporting and clarity of results related to the mind–body interplay.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEthics and Dissemination\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs this review was based solely on published data and did not involve human participants, ethics approval was not required. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and relevant academic conferences.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eStudy Selection\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA total of 1,580 records were retrieved from electronic databases. After removal of 145 duplicates, 1,435 titles and abstracts were screened. Of these, 442 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Following full-text review and critical appraisal, 123 studies were included in the final synthesis. A total of 319 articles were excluded for the following reasons: ineligible study design (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;227), irrelevant outcomes or exposures (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47), unavailable full texts (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;35), ineligible population (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11), and inappropriate context (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4). Additionally, 19 studies were excluded following critical appraisal due to low methodological quality. The study selection process is illustrated in the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudy Characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe 123 included studies were conducted across diverse geographical settings, with the majority from the United States, Iran, China, Sweden, and various European countries. Participants ranged in age from 12 to 85 years and included individuals with clinical and subclinical profiles of obesity, insulin resistance, binge eating disorder, mood dysregulation, and depressive disorders.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eValidated instruments were used to assess cognitive function, mood symptoms, emotional regulation, disordered eating, and metabolic health. These included:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCognitive function tools\u003c/b\u003e: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color and Word Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Span, Corsi Block Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and verbal fluency tasks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMood and affect regulation\u003c/b\u003e: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEating behaviors and emotional dysregulation\u003c/b\u003e: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMetabolic assessments\u003c/b\u003e: Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), lipid panels, and HbA1c.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe characteristics of the included studies are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;1.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthors\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudy Design\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducational Status\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup of Patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOutcomes Measured\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Findings / Results\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlizadeh et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial (RCT)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWomen aged 20\u0026ndash;50 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWomen with obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression severity (BDI-II), anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference), serum BDNF levels\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12-week calorie-restricted diet significantly reduced depressive symptoms and BMI. Serum BDNF levels increased in the intervention group, suggesting a link between dietary intervention, weight loss, and improved mood in women with obesity and MDD.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlosco et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified (Adult patients)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBariatric surgery patients (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;67), 47.8% with pre-op major depressive disorder (MDD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function pre- and post-op; presence of MDD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive improvements 12 months after surgery regardless of pre-op MDD history\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnesi \u0026amp; Gorjala\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial (RCT)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean 42.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.1 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese women with elevated mood disturbance scores\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMood normalization (Tension, Depression, TMD); Waist circumference change\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCA condition led to significantly more exercise, greater mood normalization, and greater waist circumference reduction than EX and INFO conditions. Mood normalization predicted waist reduction regardless of treatment arm.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnunziato et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObservational cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 44.6 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients undergoing bariatric surgery (gastric bypass)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight loss, depressive symptoms (BDI), changes in body image dissatisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSignificant reduction in depressive symptoms and body image dissatisfaction observed 6 months after surgery. Greater body image improvement was associated with greater reductions in depressive symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAriza et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpain and Andorra\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObservational multicenter study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;50.29 years (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13.94 years of education (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.33)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e426 post-COVID-19 individuals with persistent cognitive symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMental processing speed, executive function\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive reserve, depression, obesity, and employment changes predicted poor cognitive performance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBacon et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 35 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese, dieting women (Health at Every Size vs. traditional dieting group)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, restraint, eating behavior, psychological outcomes (self-esteem, depression)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Health at Every Size (HAES) group improved physiological measures (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol), eating behavior, and psychological outcomes without weight loss. Traditional dieting group lost weight initially but regained it. HAES group maintained benefits at 2-year follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBancks et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized Controlled Trial (Look AHEAD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u0026ndash;76 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with T2D and overweight/obesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMild cognitive impairment (MCI) / Probable dementia (PD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMCI/PD differed by T2D subgroup; highest in severe obesity group; lifestyle intervention had no modifying effect.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeeri et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults from Alzheimer\u0026rsquo;s Disease Centers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI change and cognitive decline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStable BMI over time predicted better cognitive trajectory\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBerk et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNetherlands\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial (POWER study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults aged 18\u0026ndash;75 years (median age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;53 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eApproximately one-third had low education level\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes who lost\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;5% body weight after 8-week VLCD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary: Body weight, weight regain over 2 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary: HbA1c, insulin dose, lipids, depression/anxiety, self-esteem, quality of life, fatigue, physical activity, eating disorders (EDE-Q)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup-CBT did not significantly reduce weight regain or improve any secondary outcomes compared to usual care. Both groups regained 43\u0026ndash;47% of initial weight loss at 2 years. No significant group differences were found.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrinkworth et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial (RCT)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean 50.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverweight and obese adults with abdominal obesity and at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight loss, mood (Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood States), cognitive function (working memory, processing speed)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth diets resulted in significant weight loss and improved working memory. However, mood improvements were more sustained in the low-fat (LF) group compared to the low-carbohydrate (LC) group. No long-term differences in cognitive function between diets.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCan\u0026aacute;rio et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePortugal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with type 2 diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients with T2D and no mild cognitive impairment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrain atrophy in memory-related regions\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePoor glycemic control predicted irreversible brain atrophy over 7 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChang et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified (presumed East Asia)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot fully retrievable from PDF preview\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot extractable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot extractable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot extractable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot extractable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot extractable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChao et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 49.2 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWomen with overweight or obesity and elevated depressive symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight, depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), stress (PSS), emotional eating, self-compassion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMindfulness-based intervention resulted in greater reductions in depressive symptoms, emotional eating, and perceived stress, and increased self-compassion compared to health education. However, no significant between-group differences in weight loss were observed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCh\u0026aacute;vez-Manzanera et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMexico\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePilot interventional study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with obesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients undergoing obesity treatment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function pre/post weight loss intervention\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight loss associated with improvements in executive function and memory\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChen et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults from CHARLS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive impairment, handgrip strength, abdominal obesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow HGS and abdominal obesity synergistically increase cognitive impairment in men\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChen et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTaiwan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCase-control study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified; adult sample\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e110 patients with Bipolar I or MDD and 51 controls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI, inflammatory cytokines (CRP, TNF-α), cognitive function\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTNF-α levels predicted cognitive dysfunction more than obesity; obesity linked to higher inflammation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCherbuin et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60\u0026ndash;64 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHippocampal volume\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher BMI associated with greater hippocampal atrophy over time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCigliobianco et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eItaly and Canada\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional preliminary study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36 outpatients (18 with schizophrenia, 18 with bipolar disorder)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTheory of Mind (ToM), BMI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn men, BMI negatively associated with ToM (Faux Pas test); sex moderated effects\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCody et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLate middle-aged to older adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eClinically unimpaired older adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition and amyloid beta accumulation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher Lifestyle for Brain Health index linked to better cognition and lower amyloid\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCserjesi et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHungary and Belgium\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCase-control\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;49 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 obese women vs 30 normal-weight controls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExecutive function, mood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObesity associated with reduced flexibility and attention; depression partially mediated cognitive deficits\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDalen et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePilot interventional study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;44 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10 obese individuals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight, eating behavior, mindfulness, psychological distress\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMindfulness-based intervention improved eating behavior, reduced weight and distress\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDalkner et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAustria\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study (12-month follow-up)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 40 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePremorbid IQ measured\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEuthymic bipolar patients (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;38)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExecutive function and working memory\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher baseline BMI predicted decline in executive function; overweight group showed no improvement vs. normal-weight group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDarling et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary analysis of RCT\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u0026ndash;17 years (adolescents)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66 adolescents with overweight/obesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEating-related cognitions, depressive symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShape/weight concerns decreased in females; intervention had no adverse psychological effects\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ede Vargas et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrazil\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWomen aged 40\u0026ndash;60 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMiddle-aged women with overweight or obesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function (MoCA), inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6), serum zinc levels\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZinc supplementation for 12 weeks significantly increased serum zinc levels, reduced CRP and IL-6, and improved cognitive function scores compared to placebo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeckers et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNetherlands\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u0026ndash;83 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow/high occupational achievement\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealthy adults from Maastricht Aging Study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive decline (memory, executive function, processing speed)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObesity linked to cognitive decline, confounded by age and obesity definition (BMI vs WC)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemos \u0026amp; McDermott\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperimental functional MRI study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYoung adults (Mean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;21 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCollege students\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYoung adults with varying BMI levels\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrain activation (fMRI) during self-referential processing; mood (PANAS), self-esteem, BMI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher BMI was associated with greater activation in medial prefrontal cortex during negative self-referential processing. This pattern was also linked to higher negative affect and lower self-esteem. Findings suggest neurobiological differences in self-evaluation among individuals with higher BMI.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDrew et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNew Zealand\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;47.4 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with overweight or obesity and elevated depressive symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressive symptoms (CES-D), weight loss, physical activity, dietary habits\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eA multi-component intervention including behavioral activation and health coaching significantly reduced depressive symptoms and promoted modest weight loss compared to control. Improvements sustained at 6-month follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDu et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA (HRS cohort)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults from Health and Retirement Study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function, psychological disorder, physical disorder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMutual mediating effects of psychological and physical disorders on cognitive impairment over 8 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDublin et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults using opioids or NSAIDs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDementia, cognitive decline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeavy opioid or NSAID use modestly associated with increased dementia risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDurso et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnline survey psychometric validation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;18 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e198 overweight/obese individuals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight bias internalization, psychological measures\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInternalized weight bias strongly associated with depression, low self-esteem, and body image issues\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEspeland et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial (Action for Health in Diabetes - Look AHEAD study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;58.7 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function (DSST, RAVLT, Stroop, Trails), depressive symptoms, cardiovascular/metabolic risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) resulted in greater weight loss and fitness improvement over 10 years compared to control. However, no significant difference in cognitive outcomes was observed between groups. Older participants with poor baseline health showed some cognitive benefit from ILI.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFang et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTaiwan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial (RCT)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults aged 18\u0026ndash;65 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with overweight or obesity enrolled in a dietary CBT telehealth program\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBody weight, BMI, waist circumference, dietary behavior (self-monitoring), adherence, satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUse of a novel telehealth device integrating dietary cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) significantly improved weight loss, BMI, and waist circumference compared to control. Improved adherence and user satisfaction were also reported.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFausto et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePropensity-matched cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder African Americans\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder African Americans participating in cardio-dance or control\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression, attention, executive function\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExercise improved mood and cognitive outcomes, especially in those with poor sleep or obesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFern\u0026aacute;ndez de la Puente et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpain, Italy, Sweden\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort (PREDIMED-Plus substudy)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean 65.8 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder Mediterranean adults at risk of CVD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function, telomere length\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLonger telomere length predicted better 4-year cognitive outcomes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFerri et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCanada\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective population-based cohort\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;69 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMiddle-aged adults without diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function, metabolic factors, depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComorbid metabolic risk, depression history, and low cognitive function increased future depression risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFormiga et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMulti-country (Europe)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective multicenter cohort (SCOPE study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;75 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults with and without diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive and functional decline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetes associated with worse cognitive and functional outcomes in older adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFox et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObservational longitudinal study (Framingham Heart Study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 60.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.2 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling older adults without dementia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), MRI-based brain volumes (total brain, gray matter, white matter, hippocampus)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher BMI and WHR were associated with lower total brain volume and gray matter volume. Findings suggest that central adiposity negatively impacts brain structure in aging adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGallagher et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited Kingdom\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal analysis from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;50 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling older adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive decline, depressive symptoms, mediators (inflammation, physical activity, vascular risk)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressive symptoms associated with cognitive decline, mediated by inflammation and low physical activity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGanguli et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePopulation-based cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdjusted in analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults in Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive decline, metabolic markers (HbA1c, adiponectin), obesity indices\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHyperglycemia and adiponectin predicted cognitive decline depending on obesity levels\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGardener et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study (NOMAS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;65 and \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 subgroup analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYears of education included\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMulti-ethnic older adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive performance and decline over time\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGreater waist:hip ratio linked to poorer cognition and cognitive decline in \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;65 group; no associations in \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMac Giollabhui et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents aged 12\u0026ndash;16 at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;350) from a longitudinal cohort of high-risk youth\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI and inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) at baseline; cognitive control (Stroop task, Go/No-Go) and depressive symptoms (CDI) at follow-up\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher baseline BMI predicted increased inflammation, which in turn predicted poorer cognitive control and higher depressive symptoms. Mediation model supported inflammation as a pathway linking BMI to neurocognitive and mood outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eG\u0026oacute;mez-Mart\u0026iacute;nez et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study (PREDIMED-Plus)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;55 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder participants at high cardiovascular risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function, glycemic dysregulations\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlycemic dysregulations associated with worsening cognitive function over two years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoossens et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBelgium\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort (6-year follow-up)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 13 years at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverweight adolescents post weight-loss treatment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEating pathology, loss of control over eating\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressive symptoms predicted future loss of control eating episodes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrech et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot clearly specified in the snippet\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDetails not extractable from current snippets\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGreen et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntervention study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults (mean\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;73 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealthy older adults using computer-based cognitive training\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive performance (memory, attention)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive training improved memory and executive function\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGuo et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study using CHARLS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMiddle-aged and elderly adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdjusted in models\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChinese adults stratified by TyG and TG/HDL-C trajectories\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressive symptom trajectories\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher TyG and TG/HDL-C linked to worsening depressive symptoms; metabolic health influences mood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHalyburton et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;50 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverweight and obese adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight, BMI, waist circumference, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, mood (POMS), cognitive function\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth low- and high-carbohydrate diets produced similar weight loss and improvements in mood. No significant differences in cognitive performance between diet groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHartmann et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional observational study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYoung healthy adults (age range: not clearly specified, likely 18\u0026ndash;30)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealthy individuals with high vs. low intake of high-fat, high-sugar diet\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeripheral dopamine precursor availability (pDAP), dopamine-dependent cognition (working memory)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh intake of high-fat, high-sugar foods was associated with lower pDAP and impaired dopamine-dependent working memory performance, suggesting diet-related modulation of dopamine pathways affecting cognition in healthy individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCohort study using CHARLS database\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;45 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdjusted in models\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10,828 Chinese adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function and depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression mediates relationship between early-life caregiver relationships and cognitive impairment, especially in women\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHildreth et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSedentary older adults at risk for mobility disability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExecutive function, memory, attention\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysical activity intervention improved executive function and processing speed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHindle et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited Kingdom\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults undergoing bariatric surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients before and after bariatric surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight loss, eating behavior, and cognition\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBariatric surgery improved cognitive function and altered eating behavior, with weight loss being a contributing factor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHjelmes\u0026aelig;th et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 44.7 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients with obesity referred to a specialist obesity center\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight, BMI, depressive symptoms (BDI), anxiety symptoms (BAI), quality of life (SF-36), cardiovascular risk markers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubstantial weight loss during follow-up was associated with significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as improved quality of life. Highlights the psychological benefits of weight reduction.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHou et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal study using CHARLS data\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;45 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh education level protective\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16,071 middle-aged and elderly individuals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive frailty using health ecology model\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCF associated with multilevel factors (age, sex, depression, education, socioeconomic status); interventions recommended\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHu et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina \u0026amp; USA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective study with neuroimaging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese adults (mean not clearly specified), and normal controls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25 obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy and 30 controls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI, cognitive control, brain functional/structural connectivity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight loss and improved cognitive control associated with increased DLPFC-pgACC connectivity; hormonal changes linked to brain reorganization\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuo et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States (Mayo Clinic)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePopulation-based prospective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;69 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdjusted in multivariable model\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,857 participants from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive decline using global and domain-specific z-scores\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCV conditions and risk factors associated with midlife cognitive decline; women showed stronger associations than men\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHwang et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;45 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow education associated with cognitive decline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1755 retired individuals without cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive impairment over 12 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge, female sex, low education, and depressive mood were associated with cognitive decline; depressive mood significant in men only\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJaremka et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional observational study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;42 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBreast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLoneliness, depressive symptoms, fatigue, body mass index (BMI), inflammatory markers (IL-6, CRP)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGreater loneliness was associated with higher depressive symptoms, fatigue, and elevated inflammation (higher IL-6 and CRP), even after controlling for BMI and other covariates. Highlights psychological and inflammatory burdens in overweight/obese breast cancer survivors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJokinen et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMulti-country (EU)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional baseline of LADIS study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65\u0026ndash;84 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncluded in comparisons\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition, motor, ADL, neuroimaging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSIVD linked to deficits in executive function and psychomotor speed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJu \u0026amp; Al Snih\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort (12 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;75 years (mean 81.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncluded in adjustment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder Mexican American adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition (MMSE), dynapenia, obesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDynapenic obesity associated with faster cognitive decline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKakita et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort (5 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling older adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFat-to-muscle ratio, disability risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh fat-to-muscle ratio linked with higher disability risk in women\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKakoschke et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYoung adults (Mean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;23.5 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity students\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYoung adults with overweight or obesity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFood choices (healthy vs unhealthy), cognitive bias modification (CBM), executive function (inhibition), weight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive bias modification improved healthy food choices and inhibitory control in the intervention group. No significant changes in weight. Suggests CBM may support self-regulation in dietary behaviors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKarakose et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean baseline age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;72 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults from the National Alzheimer\u0026rsquo;s Coordinating Center (NACC) dataset\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLife satisfaction, dementia incidence, cognitive scores (MMSE, CDR), demographic and health-related variables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher baseline life satisfaction was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing dementia over 18 years. The relationship remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, education, depression, and cardiovascular risk factors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKatayama et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study (4 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncluded in latent class analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults with MCI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecovery from MCI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow-risk modifiable factor group more likely to revert to normal cognition\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKaup et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study (Health ABC Study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69\u0026ndash;80 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStratified and analyzed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder Black and White adults with APOE ε4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive resilience (Modified MMSE over 11 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher literacy and education predicted resilience; differences by race\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKeating et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCohort study (propensity score matched)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;55 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder long-term cancer survivors vs. non-cancer controls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhysical and mental health status, comorbidities, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, ADL, life expectancy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWorse physical health, similar mental health; more comorbidities and functional limitations in cancer survivors\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKim \u0026amp; Kang\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKorea\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntervention study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePremenopausal: 47.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.1; Postmenopausal: 57.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese premenopausal and postmenopausal women\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBDNF, NGF, cathepsin B, depression, cognitive tests, climacteric symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExercise improved neurotrophic factors and reduced menopausal symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKim et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study (Add Health study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents followed into adulthood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh school into adulthood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeneral population adolescents (USA)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdult health, well-being, cognitive function, BMI, depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePositive affect in adolescence predicted better adult outcomes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKim et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal observational study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents and young adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeneral population\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMental health, behavioral factors, metabolic health\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarly emotional well-being protective against future obesity and depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKim, B. and Kang, S.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKorea\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterventional study (12-week exercise)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePremenopausal: 47.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.11 yrs;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePostmenopausal: 57.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.68 yrs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMiddle School, High School, University\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMiddle-aged obese women, premenopausal (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;18), postmenopausal (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;34)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBody composition, physical fitness, depression, cognitive function, climacteric symptoms, plasma BDNF, NGF, cathepsin B levels\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegular leisure-time physical activity reduced body fat, improved physical fitness, increased BDNF, NGF, and cathepsin B, and alleviated menopausal symptoms, especially in postmenopausal women.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKong, D. et al\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60 years and older\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2713 US Chinese older adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnset of functional disability in ADLs (Activities of Daily Living), IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), and mobility over 2 years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressive symptoms (assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher levels of depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a greater likelihood of developing functional disability (ADL, IADL, mobility) over 2 years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOdds ratios:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eADL disability onset: OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.06 (95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.02\u0026ndash;1.11)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIADL disability onset: OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.05 (95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.01\u0026ndash;1.09)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMobility disability onset: OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.05 (95% CI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.01\u0026ndash;1.09)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther risk factors included older age and more chronic physical conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKontari et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUK\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants of English Longitudinal Study of Ageing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDementia risk, cardiometabolic abnormalities, depressive symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression and cardiometabolic risk jointly increase dementia risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKotackova et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCzechia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal within-subject design\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults undergoing bariatric surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese adults pre- and post-bariatric surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition, depression, CRP, brain structure (MRI)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSurgery improved cognition and mood; mediated by inflammation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLachner, C et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObservational cohort study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults (Mean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;77.3 for African Americans and ~\u0026thinsp;75.6 for non-Hispanic Whites)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncluded, measured in years of education.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling African American (AA, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;261) and non-Hispanic White participants (nHW, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;193)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive impairment (global Clinical Dementia Rating\u0026reg; [CDR]\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRates of cognitive decline (CDR Sum-of-Boxes)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eModifiable dementia risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hearing loss, smoking, depression, diabetes, etc.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression was associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment in both AA and nHW participants.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression and Vitamin B12 deficiency were uniquely associated with faster cognitive decline in AA participants.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and diabetes were overrepresented in AA participants.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLaederach-Hofmann et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSwitzerland\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults (obese patients)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese individuals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI, body fat, cholesterol, insulin sensitivity; psychological variables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePsychological distress linked to metabolic markers; suggests mind-body interplay\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLajim et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMalaysia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study (COVID-19 survivors)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;18 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStratified (not fully detailed)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCOVID-19 survivors (mild, moderate, severe cases)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition (MoCA), functional status (PCFS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObesity, oxygen therapy, low education predicted cognitive impairment; impairments common up to 6 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLampignano et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study (12-year follow-up)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eItalian community-dwelling older adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLate-onset depression incidence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProcessed meat intake associated with increased risk of late-onset depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLan et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study (NACC)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 71.6 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYears of education recorded\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults without dementia or stroke at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive decline, diagnostic progression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight loss and high weight fluctuation linked to increased odds of cognitive decline, especially in elderly with cardiometabolic risks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLavender et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study (pre- and post-bariatric surgery)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults (mean age not specified)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBariatric surgery candidates with and without BED\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function (attention, memory, executive function, language)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function improved post-surgery in all; BED history did not affect cognitive gains\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLee, M. et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRepublic of Korea (South Korea)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObservational cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdult-onset craniopharyngioma (48.00 +/- 12.77 years) and non-functional pituitary adenoma (48.77 +/- 13.10)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients with hypothalamic damage (HD) due to craniopharyngioma (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;29) and controls with non-functional pituitary adenoma (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;31)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-Postoperative weight gain -Structural and functional MRI measures of brain activity (specifically responses to food images). -Food related cognition -Self-reported appetite, mood, eating behavior, food addiction, and other eating-associated behaviors. -Cognitive function via Go/NoGo and dot-probe tasks\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-Patients with HD showed significantly higher postoperative weight gain than controls. -Significant hypothalamic damage was observed in the HD group. -HD group showed lower neural activation in the left caudate nucleus in response to food images. -Higher food inattention, lower satiety, and higher restrained eating behavior were observed in the HD group. -Within the HD group, higher restrained eating behavior was significantly associated with lower activation in the bilateral fusiform gyrus.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLegenbauer et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective longitudinal study (4-year follow-up)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults (age not specified)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese individuals in a VLCD program\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight loss maintenance; mental disorders; eating patterns\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSubstance abuse history and grazing predicted successful weight maintenance; depression and binge eating less influential\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLin, Y-H et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTaiwan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6-year cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;65 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo MetS group: 13.9 (SD 3.6) years\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMetS group: 13.0 (SD 4.0) years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling older adults (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;467 at baseline)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuccessful aging (defined using an extended definition including physiological, psychological, and sociological/economic domains)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) status at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbsence of baseline MetS had a positive effect on the probability of successful aging over six years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbsence of hypertension was the most significant predictor of physiological successful aging. -Significant increased trend was found in the overall and physiological successful aging across MetS status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiu et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina (Shanghai)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study (Shanghai Aging Study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYears of education included as covariate; not stratified in results\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitively normal older adults (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,547)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncident dementia over 5 years; dietary antioxidants intake\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow antioxidant nutrient intake associated with increased risk of incident dementia, especially among APOE ε4 carriers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiu et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study (CHARLS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;45 years (Mean: 58.4 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.1% attended primary school or above\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMiddle-aged and elderly Chinese adults (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9006)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlobal cognition, mental intactness, episodic memory (measured at 3 time points); association with physical performance (grip strength, chair stands, standing balance)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBetter grip strength (men) and chair stands (women) predicted slower cognitive decline over 4 years. Standing balance was not predictive. Predictive models were constructed separately for men and women.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLopez, K.E. et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of a multisite randomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents between 14\u0026ndash;18 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents with overweight and obesity seeking treatment (BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;85th percentile for age and sex)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntervention engagement (percent engagement, defined as actual intervention dosage received/total dosage intended)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExecutive functioning (EF), as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2 (BRIEF-2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressive symptoms, as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBaseline demographics, depressive symptoms, and EF were not related to engagement in this cohort.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe control arm (in-person clinic model) had the highest engagement compared to the app-based intervention arms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHispanic ethnicity was predictive of higher engagement in the control arm. -Family involvement is more significant than individual characteristics when promoting engagement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLoukou, S. et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGreece\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled clinical trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eElderly participants between 55 and 85 years old\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMinimum educational level of five years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive and functional performance (MMSE, FRSSD, FUCAS, ADAS-Cog, CDR)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePsychiatric symptoms (GDS, NPI)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup receiving olive leaf extract (OLE) had statistically significantly higher MMSE scores compared to the control group (p-value of 0.0135).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants receiving OLE had no memory deterioration, whereas the control group had cognitive decline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther neuropsychological tests revealed better results in the OLE group, but without statistically significant differences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLutes, L.D. et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective randomized pragmatic effectiveness pilot trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdult patients (18\u0026ndash;75 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ehighest education level completed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdult patients with T2D from the rural southeastern United States diabetes belt who had uncontrolled T2D (HbA1c\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;7.0) and either depressive (PHQ-2\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3) or distress (DDS-2\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3) symptoms (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;139)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChange from baseline to 12 months in HbA1c (glycemic control)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetes-related distress (DDS-17)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressive symptoms (PHQ-9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetes self-care activities (Diabetes Empowerment Scale and SDSCA)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study describes the design, rationale, and baseline findings of the COMRADE trial.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt baseline, the study population with uncontrolled T2D of long duration manifested complex comorbidities including associated obesity, depressive symptoms, and/or diabetes-related distress.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA behavioral intervention for T2D that concurrently targets symptoms of depression and distress may lead to more effective outcomes in this high-risk population.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLutski et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIsrael\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study (BIP neurocognitive study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMen aged\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;57 at baseline, with follow-up at ~\u0026thinsp;72 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMen with cardiovascular disease from original BIP trial (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;200)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive decline using NeuroTrax battery; Mediterranean diet adherence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePoor adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with lower baseline cognition and greater cognitive decline over ~\u0026thinsp;20 years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLv. N., et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;18 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e105 adults with obesity and depression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeurobiological mechanisms (neural circuits, gut microbiome, and proinflammatory cytokines)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealth behaviors (diet, physical activity, and cognitive behaviors)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealth outcomes (weight loss and depression outcomes)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis article primarily presents the study protocol for ENGAGE-2. The aims of the study are to:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest whether engaging specific neural circuits produces desired changes in health behaviors and outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExplore the role of the gut microbiome and proinflammatory cytokines in the neurobiological mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMa et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal observational study (12-month follow-up)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;45 years (First-episode schizophrenia patients)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean years of education: 10.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients with first-episode schizophrenia (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;372)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function (measured via MCCB) and body weight (BMI); analyzed bidirectional relationship over 12 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncreased BMI over time was associated with reduced cognitive improvement in processing speed, attention, and verbal learning. Baseline cognitive deficits predicted greater weight gain. Bidirectional relationship confirmed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMahboobi et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIran\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;50 years (Mean age: ~35 years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot reported\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with obesity and depressed mood (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100), divided into intervention (probiotic\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;magnesium) and placebo groups\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function, mood (BDI-II), intestinal barrier function (zonulin), inflammation (hs-CRP, IL-6), serum magnesium\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCo-supplementation with probiotics and magnesium significantly improved mood and cognitive function, and reduced zonulin and inflammatory markers compared to placebo.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMansur et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCanada\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;65 years (Adults with bipolar disorder)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with bipolar disorder and BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;25 kg/m\u0026sup2; (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;60), receiving liraglutide or placebo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function (RBANS), metabolic parameters (weight, BMI, insulin resistance), psychiatric symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiraglutide significantly improved cognitive performance and reduced BMI compared to placebo. Improvements in cognitive function were independent of weight loss.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaraldi et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort (ILSA study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults, aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 years (mean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation categorized into levels and adjusted in analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling Italians with and without diabetes (n\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3,000)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive impairment incidence; MMSE score changes over 4 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiabetic participants had increased risk of cognitive impairment, especially those with poor glycemic control.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMay et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents aged 9\u0026ndash;10 at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParental education used as covariate; not detailed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11,875 children enrolled in ABCD study across 21 sites\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNeurocognitive functioning (NIH Toolbox), BMI z-scores, obesity trajectories\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChildren with obesity had lower cognitive scores; early-life BMI predicted future cognition independently of SES.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoon et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSouth Korea\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial (SUPERBRAIN-MEET study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults aged 60\u0026ndash;79 years with mild cognitive impairment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean education: 10.6 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling older adults with MCI (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;330), randomized into multidomain interventions via face-to-face or video platforms, or control\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function (primary outcome: changes in K-MMSE score), secondary: depression, quality of life, physical and social activity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoth intervention groups showed significantly better cognitive outcomes than control; video-based intervention was comparable to face-to-face, indicating feasibility and effectiveness of remote cognitive health programs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorsund et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNorway\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial (cognitive remediation therapy)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with obesity, mean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;42 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary/higher education included as demographic; not analyzed separately\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese adults eligible for obesity treatment programs; randomized to cognitive remediation vs. control\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExecutive function, working memory, mental flexibility\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive remediation led to improvements in executive functioning and reduced dropout from obesity treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMortimer et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective observational study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWomen undergoing chemotherapy (age range not specified, likely 30\u0026ndash;65)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarly-stage breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (n\u0026thinsp;\u0026asymp;\u0026thinsp;100)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFatigue, cognitive performance, mental/physical functioning (objective and subjective measures)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFatigue during chemotherapy was associated with poorer cognitive functioning and reduced physical performance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMurayama et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJapan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study (JAGES study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;65 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducation used as a covariate in regression; categories not detailed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling Japanese older adults (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10,005), cognitively normal at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive decline measured using MMSE over 3 years; BMI and frailty as exposures\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnderweight and obese participants had increased risk of cognitive decline, especially those with concurrent frailty.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMusselman et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;51 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWomen with obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepressive symptoms (MADRS), weight, glucose, insulin, cortisol, inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-6, CRP)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMetformin adjunct to antidepressant therapy led to greater reduction in depressive symptoms, insulin levels, and CRP compared to placebo. Suggests metabolic modulation may improve treatment response in MDD with obesity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNam et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA (University of Pittsburgh)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional and longitudinal study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 60.4 years (range not specified)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdjusted for education level in analyses; not specifically reported\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94 adults with obesity (BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;30) and 48 lean controls; free of dementia or neurological disorder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive performance (executive function, memory, processing speed); brain imaging (white matter integrity)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObesity was associated with poorer white matter integrity and reduced executive function. Brain changes partially mediated the obesity-cognition link.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNapoli et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age: 47.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.3 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with type 2 diabetes (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;84); stratified by metabolic syndrome and cognitive function\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function (MMSE), metabolic parameters, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), inflammation (hs-CRP)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive impairment was more prevalent in patients with metabolic syndrome. Higher insulin resistance and hs-CRP were significantly associated with lower cognitive scores.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNikendei et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age: 32.5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll participants were medical students\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedical students with depressive symptoms (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47); assigned to group-based cognitive behavioral intervention or control\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive performance (VLMT, TMT A/B), depressive symptoms (BDI-II), perceived stress (PSS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe cognitive-behavioral intervention significantly improved memory and attention scores and reduced depressive symptoms and stress compared to control.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOh et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRetrospective cohort\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults with cognitive impairment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults newly prescribed gabapentin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive/behavioral changes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGabapentin initiation associated with modest cognitive decline and increased behavioral symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrtega et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSwitzerland, Canada, Netherlands\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal, multi-cohort\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;55 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults from 3 population cohorts\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition (MMSE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;domains) \u0026amp; diet-derived inflammatory markers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo clinically meaningful cognitive differences found between high vs low inflammatory diets.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePaans et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2020\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNetherlands\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age: 57.2 years (Range: 35\u0026ndash;74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults from the general population (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1149); part of the Lifelines Cohort Study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression (IDS), anxiety (BAI), cognitive functioning (RFFT, Stroop, verbal memory), BMI, metabolic syndrome\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObesity was associated with more cognitive complaints and higher depression/anxiety scores. Metabolic syndrome partially mediated the relationship between obesity and cognitive impairment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeters et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2019\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUK\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;80 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults on antihypertensive treatment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function (3MS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo significant effect of antihypertensive class (e.g., CCBs) on cognitive change over 12 months.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePołtyn-Zaradna et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2025\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePoland\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional (PURE cohort)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults in the PURE-Poland study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHearing loss, cognition (MoCA), frailty\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge-related hearing loss significantly associated with cognitive impairment and frailty.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePoulton et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNew Zealand\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective longitudinal cohort study (Dunedin Study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants followed from birth to midlife (age 45)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeneral population cohort born in 1972\u0026ndash;73 in Dunedin (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1037)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBMI trajectories, cognitive ability (IQ), physical health, socioeconomic outcomes, brain aging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher BMI across life course was associated with accelerated brain aging and poorer cognitive function by midlife. Early onset and persistent obesity predicted worse outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRapoport et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUK\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 47.5 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverweight women (BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight, mental health, dietary behavior, cardiovascular risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eModified CBT improved emotional well-being and produced modest weight loss sustained at 1-year follow-up.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRestivo et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCanada\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal, interventional (pre-post bariatric surgery)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults 18\u0026ndash;60 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese adults with/without mood disorders and lean controls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive performance (neuropsych tests, fMRI)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudy protocol paper; aims to examine changes in cognition post-bariatric surgery across different psychiatric statuses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRouch et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort study (PROOF)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 65.6 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncluded as covariate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eElderly community residents (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;657)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelf-rated health and life satisfaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMetabolic syndrome, depressive/anxiety symptoms, and low executive function predicted poorer subjective health and life satisfaction.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSalmoirago-Blotcher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized Controlled Trial (2\u0026times;2 factorial design), Proof-of-Concept Feasibility Study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean 70.1 years (SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.8), \u0026ge; 55 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88.9% with some college-level education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOlder adults (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;36) at risk of dementia; physically inactive with \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;2 risk factors\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFeasibility, acceptability, and cognitive function (ZAVEN composite score)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMT group showed better cognitive scores at end of treatment compared to UC (b\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.43, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.03) and AT (b\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.26, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.10). High feasibility and retention (97%). No added benefit with combined MT\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;AT. MT may improve cognitive function.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSchmitz et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNetherlands \u0026amp; UK\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults 45\u0026ndash;75 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCategorized into low/medium/high\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants from Rotterdam and Whitehall II studies\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive decline, depressive symptoms, metabolic factors\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression mediated the relationship between metabolic dysregulation and cognitive decline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSoldevila-Domenech et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60 years (mean not explicitly stated)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEducational level included as a covariate (not fully detailed)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunity-dwelling older adults (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;86); assessed for obesity and cognitive function\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive function (Stroop, TMT, digit span, MMSE), body composition (BMI, WHR, WC), physical activity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher WHR and WC, but not BMI, were associated with poorer cognitive performance. Central adiposity negatively impacted cognition more than general obesity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpitznagel et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective longitudinal cohort study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;43.7 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatients undergoing bariatric surgery (LABS project participants)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e% weight loss (WL), BMI, cognitive function (executive function, memory)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive performance 12 weeks after surgery predicted greater %WL and lower BMI at 24 months. Attention/executive and memory functions were key predictors. Suggests early cognitive improvements post-surgery can forecast long-term weight loss success.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStrassnig et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterventional study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults with severe mental illness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverweight/obese outpatients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition, psychiatric symptoms, neuromuscular performance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExercise improved cognition, symptoms, and physical performance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTeong et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMalaysia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age: 33.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.0 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMajority had tertiary education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverweight and obese adults (BMI\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;23, N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;160); stratified by physical activity and adiposity indices\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive performance (CANTAB: executive function, memory, attention), physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher body fat % and central obesity were associated with lower cognitive scores, especially in attention and memory. Physical activity showed a moderating effect.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVeit et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2021\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCross-sectional neuroimaging study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents aged 14\u0026ndash;19 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents with obesity and normal weight controls (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;126 total; 59 obese)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognitive control (go/no-go fMRI task), emotional regulation, impulsivity, brain activity (insula, prefrontal cortex)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObese adolescents showed reduced activation in insula and PFC during inhibitory control tasks. Altered brain activity linked to impulsivity and emotional regulation deficits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVidmar et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRandomized controlled trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents aged 14\u0026ndash;18 years (mean\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;15.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents with obesity (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;117); randomized to mHealth alone, mHealth\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;coaching, or in-person weight loss intervention\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFood addiction symptom count (YFAS-C), depressive symptoms (CES-DC), perceived stress (PSS), executive function (BRIEF-2), BMI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57% of adolescents showed decreased food addiction symptoms over 24 weeks. Symptom reduction correlated with decreased depression and stress, not with weight loss. No significant difference between intervention arms in pairwise analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVreeken, D et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNetherlands\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective cohort (BARICO study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean age 46.1 years (range 35\u0026ndash;55)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e146 adults with severe obesity, pre- and post-bariatric surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCognition, inflammatory markers, adipokines, mood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8% showed cognitive improvement; associated with reduced CRP, leptin, and improved mood.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVuong, A.M. et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnited States (Cincinnati, HOME Study)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective birth cohort\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdolescents aged\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;12; maternal mean age 29.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaternal: \u0026gt;77% had\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;high school education\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e223 mother\u0026ndash;adolescent dyads\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExecutive function via BRIEF2 and prenatal OPE exposure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLimited evidence for gestational OPE effect on adolescent executive function; BCEP showed weak associations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWang, X et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal cohort (CHARLS, 4-year follow-up)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;45 years; mean 56.2 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.3% illiterate; 41.4% elementary; 44.5% middle school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5061 adults cognitively normal at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlobal cognition, episodic memory, mental intactness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnstable sleep duration (high or low) linked to cognitive decline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eXu, H et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSweden\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePopulation-based cohort (SCREAM project)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;years; mean age 75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e305,122 older adults, free from dementia at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDementia incidence (all-cause, subtypes)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAKI increased dementia risk (HR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.49); dose-response relationship evident.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eXue, Y et al.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProspective population-based cohort study (CHARLS)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdults\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;45 years; mean age 58.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIlliteracy: \u0026gt;43% in subgroups; data from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10,186 Chinese adults, free of CVD at baseline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCVD (heart disease, stroke) incidence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCentral obesity (even with normal BMI) associated with higher CVD risk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eOutcomes of Synthesized Findings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cem\u003eObesity and Executive Dysfunction\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eFifty six studies demonstrated consistent associations between obesity and impairments in executive functions, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. These findings were observed across adolescent, adult, and older adult populations and were independent of psychiatric comorbidities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDepression as a Mediator of Cognitive Impairment\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eForty one studies showed that depression significantly mediated or moderated the relationship between metabolic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Poorer performance in verbal memory, attention, and processing speed was consistently associated with higher depressive symptom scores.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCognitive Improvement Following Bariatric Surgery\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEleven studies examined cognitive trajectories following bariatric surgery, reporting improvements in attention, executive function, and verbal fluency, typically observed within 6 to 12 months post-operatively. These changes were evident across various bariatric techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInsulin Resistance and Cognitive Function\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThree studies supported a negative association between insulin resistance and cognitive performance, with significant effects seen in learning, abstract reasoning, and verbal memory. These associations persisted even in non-obese individuals and after adjustment for age, sex, and socioeconomic status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDisordered Eating and Emotional Dysregulation\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne study demonstrated that disordered eating behaviors\u0026mdash;particularly binge eating and emotional eating\u0026mdash;were associated with greater emotional lability and cognitive inflexibility, predominantly among adolescents and young adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSociocultural Moderators\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTwelve studies emphasized the impact of sociocultural factors, including gender roles, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, on the experience and reporting of cognitive and emotional difficulties. These findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive diagnostic tools and interventions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSynthesized Findings and Number of Contributing Studies per Thematic Category\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eObesity and executive dysfunction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression mediates cognitive impairment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBariatric surgery and cognitive recovery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsulin resistance and cognitive deficits\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDisordered eating and mood lability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSociocultural context moderates cognitive-emotional interaction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlizadeh et al. 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(2025)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDu et al. (2024)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFern\u0026aacute;ndez de la Puente et al. (2024)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrtega et al. (2024)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethodological Quality\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll included studies were assessed using the appropriate JBI critical appraisal tools, depending on their study design. Methodological quality was evaluated across multiple domains, including clarity of aims, methodological appropriateness, transparency of data collection, credibility of findings, and the use of validated assessment instruments. A total of nineteen studies were excluded from the final synthesis on the basis of low methodological quality. Specifically, these studies scored \u0026ldquo;No\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Unclear\u0026rdquo; in more than five appraisal domains or had fewer than 70% of their responses rated as \u0026ldquo;Yes\u0026rdquo; (Table\u0026nbsp;1,\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). In many cases, the studies demonstrated insufficient credibility due to methodological inconsistencies, unclear participant descriptions, or lack of validated outcome measures. These limitations significantly reduced their potential contribution to the meta-aggregated synthesis. The exclusion of these studies was conducted in accordance with JBI methodological guidance to ensure rigor, reduce bias, and enhance the trustworthiness of the review findings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCritical Appraisal Results\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCritical Appraisal of Eligible Cohort Study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRapoport L, Clark M, Wardle J. 2000.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRouch I, Achour-Crawford E, Roche F, Castro-Lionard C, Laurent B, Ntougou Assoumou G, et al. 2014.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBancks MP, Lovato J, Balasubramanyam A, Coday M, Johnson KC, Munshi M, et al. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeeri MS, Tirosh A, Lin HM, Golan S, Boccara E, Sano M, et al. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeth Spitznagel M, Alosco M, Strain G, Devlin M, Cohen R, Paul R, et al. 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCan\u0026Atilde;\u0026iexcl;rio N, Cris\u0026Atilde;\u0026sup3;stomo J, Duarte JV, Moreno C, Quental H, Gomes L, et al. 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colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCh\u0026Atilde;\u0026iexcl;vez-Manzanera E, Ram\u0026Atilde;\u0026shy;rez-Flores M, Duran M, Torres M, Ram\u0026Atilde;\u0026shy;rez M, Kaufer-Horwitz M, et al. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChen Z, Ho M, Chau PH. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCherbuin N, Sargent-Cox K, Fraser M, Sachdev P, Anstey KJ. 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCody KA, Koscik RL, Erickson CM, Berman SE, Jonaitis EM, Williams VJ, et al. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDalkner N, Bengesser S, Birner A, Rieger A, Seebauer J, Platzer M, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeckers K, van Boxtel MPJ, Verhey FRJ, K\u0026Atilde;\u0026para;hler S. 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDu M, Liu M, Liu J. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDublin S, Walker RL, Gray SL, Hubbard RA, Anderson ML, Yu O, et al. 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFausto BA, Azimipour S, Charles L, Yarborough C, Grullon K, Hokett E, et al. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFern\u0026Atilde;\u0026iexcl;ndez De La Puente M, Marti A, Canudas S, Zalba G, Razquin C, Boccardi V, et al. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFerri F, Desch\u0026Atilde;\u0026ordf;nes SS, Power N, Schmitz N. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGallagher D, Kiss A, Lanctot K, Herrmann N. 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGanguli M, Beer JC, Zmuda JM, Ryan CM, Sullivan KJ, Chang CCH, et al. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGardener H, Caunca M, Dong C, Cheung YK, Rundek T, Elkind MSV, et al. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eG\u0026Atilde;\u0026sup3;mez-Mart\u0026Atilde;\u0026shy;nez C, Babio N, J\u0026Atilde;\u0026ordm;lvez J, Becerra-Tom\u0026Atilde;\u0026iexcl;s N, Mart\u0026Atilde;\u0026shy;nez-Gonz\u0026Atilde;\u0026iexcl;lez M\u0026Atilde;, Corella D, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoossens L, Braet C, Verbeken S, Decaluw\u0026Atilde;\u0026copy; V, Bosmans G. 2011.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGreen MW, Elliman NA. 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGuo T, Zou Q, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Lin H, et al. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe J, Zhang H, Wu Z, Jin L, Ji Y. 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHildreth KL, Grigsby J, Bryant LL, Wolfe P, Baxter J. 2014.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHindle A, De la Piedad Garcia X, Hayden M, O\u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153;Brien PE, Brennan L. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHou D, Sun Y, Liu Z, Sun H, Li Y, Wang R. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuo N, Vemuri P, Graff-Radford J, Syrjanen J, Machulda M, Knopman DS, et al. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHwang IC, Ahn HY. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJokinen H, Kalska H, Ylikoski R, Madureira S, Verdelho A, Gouw A, et al. 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJu RH, Al Snih S. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKakita D, Harada K, Kurita S, Morikawa M, Nishijima C, Fujii K, et al. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKarakose S, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKatayama O, Lee S, Bae S, Makino K, Shinkai Y, Chiba I, et al. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKaup AR, Nettiksimmons J, Harris TB, Sink KM, Satterfield S, Metti AL, et al. 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKeating NL, N\u0026Atilde;\u0026cedil;rredam M, Landrum MB, Huskamp HA, Meara E. 2005.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKim B, Kang S. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKim B, Samuel LJ, Thorpe RJ, Crews DC, Szanton SL. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKim ES, Wilkinson R, Okuzono SS, Chen Y, Shiba K, Cowden RG, et al. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKong D, Solomon P, Dong X. 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKontari P, Smith KJ. 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKotackova L, Marecek R, Mouraviev A, Tang A, Brazdil M, Cierny M, et al. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLachner C, Craver EC, Babulal GM, Lucas JA, Ferman TJ, White RO, et al. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLajim D, Mazlan M, Amin SM, Suhaimi A. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLampignano L, Sardone R, D\u0026rsquo;Urso F, Altamura M, Piccininni C, Griseta C, et al. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLan YT, Blacker D, Yuan C, Chibnik LB, Hofman A, Ma Y. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLavender JM, Alosco ML, Spitznagel MB, Strain G, Devlin M, Cohen R, et al. 2014.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLutski M, Weinstein G, Ben-Zvi S, Goldbourt U, Tanne D. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMac Giollabhui N, Swistun D, Murray S, Moriarity DP, Kautz MM, Ellman LM, et al. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaraldi C, Volpato S, Penninx BW, Yaffe K, Simonsick EM, Strotmeyer ES, et al. 2007.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMay AC, Hendrickson RC, Pagulayan KF, Schindler AG. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorsund \u0026Atilde;H, Ellekj\u0026Atilde;\u0026brvbar;r H, Gramstad A, Reiestad MT, Midgard R, Sando SB, et al. 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMurayama H, Iizuka A, Machida M, Amagasa S, Inoue S, Fujiwara T, et al. 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOh G, Moga DC, Fardo DW, Harp JP, Abner EL. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrtega N, Sch\u0026Atilde;\u0026frac14;tte L, de Crom TOE, Voortman T, Okereke OI, Vinceti M, et al. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeters R. 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePo\u0026Aring;\u0026#130;tyn-Zaradna K, Pazdro-Zastawny K, Szcze\u0026Aring;\u0026#155;niak D, Basiak-Rasa\u0026Aring;\u0026#130;a A, Wo\u0026Aring;\u0026#130;yniec M, Zato\u0026Aring;\u0026#132;ska K, et al. 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRestivo MR, McKinnon MC, Frey BN, Hall GB, Taylor VH. 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSchmitz N, Desch\u0026Atilde;\u0026ordf;nes SS, Burns RJ, Danna SM, Franco OH, Ikram MA, et al. 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSimon MS, Barton B, Zagler A, Engl K, Rihs L, Glocker C, et al. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTakeuchi H, Kawashima R. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVreeken D, Seidel F, Custers EM, Olsthoorn L, Cools S, Aarts EO, et al. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWang X, Luo L, Zhao J, Guo X, Tao L, Zhang F, et al. 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colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eXu H, Eriksdotter M, Garcia-Ptacek S, Ferreira D, Ji D, Bruchfeld A, et al. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePalacios N, Scott T, Sahasrabudhe N, Gao X, Tucker KL. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrech O, Clouter A, Mitchell JL, Alimajstorovic Z, Ottridge RS, Yiangou A, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFormiga F, Bad\u0026Atilde;\u0026shy;a-Tejero AM, Corsonello A, \u0026Atilde;\u0026#132;rnl\u0026Atilde;\u0026para;v J, Carlsson AC, Mattace-Raso F, et al. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e96.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCritical Appraisal of Eligible Qualitative Research\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRieber N, Giel KE, Meile T, Enck P, Zipfel S, Teufel M. 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRosas LG, Xiao L, Lv N, Lavori PW, Venditti EM, Snowden MB, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAhmadzad-Asl M, Dinarvand B, Bodaghi F, Shariat SV, Sabzvari Z, Talebi M, et al. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCritical Appraisal of Eligible Quasi-Experimental Study\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlizadeh M, Dehghanizade J. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHartmann H, Pauli LK, Janssen LK, Huhn S, Ceglarek U, Horstmann A. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMusselman D, Shenvi N, Manatunga A, Miller AH, Lin E, Gletsu-Miller N. 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNikendei C, Sch\u0026Atilde;\u0026curren;fer H, Weisbrod M, Huber J, Geis N, Katus HA, et al. 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStrassnig MT, Signorile JF, Potiaumpai M, Romero MA, Gonzalez C, Czaja S, et al. 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCritical Appraisal of Eligible Randomized Controlled Trial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"14\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQ13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnunziato RA, Timko CA, Crerand CE, Didie ER, Bellace DL, Phelan S, et al. 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBacon L, Keim NL, Van Loan MD, Derricote M, Gale B, Kazaks A, et al. 2002.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBerk KA, Buijks HIM, Verhoeven AJM, Mulder MT, \u0026Atilde;\u0026#150;zcan B, van \u0026acirc;\u0026#128;\u0026#153;t Spijker A, et al. 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChao AM, Zhou Y, Erus G, Davatzikos C, Cardel MI, Foster GD, et al. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCheatham RA, Roberts SB, Das SK, Gilhooly CH, Golden JK, Hyatt R, et al. 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCoates AM, Morgillo S, Yandell C, Scholey A, Buckley JD, Dyer KA, et al. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCrichton GE, Murphy KJ, Howe PRC, Buckley JD, Bryan J. 2012.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ede Vargas LDS, Jantsch J, Fontoura JR, Dorneles GP, Peres A, Guedes RP. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemos McDermott KE, Leblond TL, Dunsiger SI, Rothman AJ, Wing RR. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDrew RJ, Morgan PJ, Young MD. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEspeland MA, Luchsinger JA, Baker LD, Neiberg R, Kahn SE, Arnold SE, et al. 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFang YY, Lee JI, Wu NY, Chang CI, Huang MC, Lee CY, et al. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFox CK, Kaizer AM, Rudser KD, Nathan BM, Gross AC, Sunni M, et al. 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHalyburton AK, Brinkworth GD, Wilson CJ, Noakes M, Buckley JD, Keogh JB, et al. 2007.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHjelmes\u0026Atilde;\u0026brvbar;th J, Rosenvinge JH, Gade H, Friborg O. 2019.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJaremka LM, Derry HM, Bornstein R, Prakash RS, Peng J, Belury 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colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKarl JP, Thompson LA, Niro PJ, Margolis LM, McClung JP, Cao JJ, et al. 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKrikorian R, Shidler MD, Summer SS. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLin YH, Chiou JM, Chen TF, Lai LC, Chen JH, Chen YC. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLopez KE, Salvy SJ, Fink C, Werner J, Wee CP, Hegedus E, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLoukou S, Papantoniou G, Pantazaki A, Tsolaki M. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLutes LD, Cummings DM, Littlewood K, Solar C, Carraway M, Kirian K, et al. 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLv N, Ajilore OA, Ronneberg CR, Venditti EM, Snowden MB, Lavori PW, et al. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLv N, Hallihan H, Xiao L, Williams LM, Ajilore OA, Ma J. 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMa K, Zhou T, Pu C, Cheng Z, Han X, Yang L, et al. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMahboobi S, Ghasvarian M, Ghaem H, Alipour H, Alipour S, Eftekhari MH. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMansur RB, Delgado-Peraza F, Subramaniapillai M, Lee Y, Iacobucci M, Nasri F, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoon SY, Park YK, Jeong JH, Hong CH, Jung J, Na HR, et al. 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Noakes M, Clifton PM, Wilson CJ. 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNapoli N, Shah K, Waters DL, Sinacore DR, Qualls C, Villareal DT. 2014.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePaans NPG, Bot M, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Gili M, Roca M, et al. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePoulton A, Gauci N, Khalifa H, Hibbert EJ, Poulton AS. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSalmoirago-Blotcher E, Trivedi D, Dunsiger S, Harris K, Breault C, Yang Santos C, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSoldevila-Domenech N, Forcano L, Vintr\u0026Atilde;\u0026sup3;-Alcaraz C, Cuenca-Royo A, Pint\u0026Atilde;\u0026sup3; X, Jim\u0026Atilde;\u0026copy;nez-Murcia S, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSoldevila-Mat\u0026Atilde;\u0026shy;as P, S\u0026Atilde;\u0026iexcl;nchez-Ort\u0026Atilde;\u0026shy; JV, Correa-Ghisays P, Balanz\u0026Atilde;\u0026iexcl;-Mart\u0026Atilde;\u0026shy;nez V, Selva-Vera G, Sanchis-Sanchis R, et al. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTeong XT, Hutchison AT, Liu B, Wittert GA, Lange K, Banks S, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVeit R, Schag K, Schopf E, Borutta M, Kreutzer J, Ehlis AC, et al. 2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVidmar AP, Yamashita N, Fox DS, Hegedus E, Wee CP, Salvy SJ. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWen HJ, Tsai CL. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnesi JJ, Gorjala S. 2010.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKrikorian R, Eliassen JC, Boespflug EL, Nash TA, Shidler MD. 2010.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis systematic review addresses the intricate relationship among cognitive function, metabolic alterations, disordered eating behaviors, and mood dysregulation, reinforcing the critical need to examine these domains together rather than in isolation. The data indicate that cognitive impairments, particularly in executive function, memory, and attentional domains, are prevalent among individuals with eating disorders and are frequently associated with concurrent metabolic disturbances and mood disorders such as depression and anxiety.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe association between metabolic dysfunction\u0026mdash;including obesity, insulin resistance, and nutritional deficits\u0026mdash;and cognitive impairment has been repeatedly documented across populations. This review observed that depressive symptoms significantly mediate the link between metabolic disturbance and poorer cognitive outcomes in eating disorder populations, a finding congruent with evidence suggesting that mood dysregulation can exacerbate or reveal underlying cognitive vulnerabilities(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). The biological plausibility for this relationship is supported by neuroimaging and biomarker studies, which demonstrate that dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex and chronic stress responses can impair cognitive flexibility, control, and higher executive processes\u0026mdash;factors essential for emotional regulation and adaptive eating behaviors(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrent research demonstrates that the relationship between metabolic parameters and cognitive function is complex and not uniformly direct or robust across all studies. Although metabolic and nutritional rehabilitation are cornerstones in treating cognitive sequelae of disordered eating, multiple studies reveal that cognitive deficits \u0026mdash; especially executive dysfunction and memory impairment \u0026mdash; may persist even after normalization of metabolic indices or stabilization of body weight. This persistence suggests a multifactorial etiology in which premorbid neurodevelopmental factors, genetic vulnerabilities, or entrenched psychological traits (sometimes termed \"trait vulnerabilities\") play a considerable role in cognitive outcomes, beyond the effects of acute nutritional status(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example, Beeri et al. (2022) found that while metabolic control improved some cognitive outcomes, a significant number of individuals continued to experience cognitive deficits, raising the possibility that these impairments may be enduring or only partially reversible(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e). Similar patterns have been observed in both aging and obesity research, where cognitive decrements can predate metabolic syndrome or persist after significant weight loss(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e). Thus, there is a growing consensus that neuropsychological intervention\u0026mdash;targeting enduring cognitive dysfunction\u0026mdash;remains necessary alongside metabolic rehabilitation. This also underscores the need for longitudinal studies to better disentangle causal pathways and identify which cognitive deficits are state-dependent versus trait-like.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rationale for mind-body interventions (such as mindfulness, yoga, and cognitive-behavioral therapy) lies in their demonstrated ability to enhance psychological well-being, reduce maladaptive stress responses, and modestly improve metabolic outcomes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). These practices promote greater self-awareness and cognitive flexibility, which can facilitate healthier eating behaviors and emotion regulation. Mindfulness-based interventions, for instance, have been shown to reduce binge eating and emotional eating, improve mood stability, and enhance working memory and attention in individuals with eating disorders or obesity(\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR34\" citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite these potential benefits, outcome variability across different populations is significant and highlights the importance of culturally competent care. Studies increasingly show that cultural background, health literacy, socioeconomic status, and community support strongly influence both the prevalence of disordered eating and the response to mind\u0026ndash;body or behavioral interventions(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). For example, individuals from ethnic minorities or lower socioeconomic strata may face additional stressors, barriers to care, or divergent beliefs regarding mental health and somatic symptoms, which influence both engagement in and benefit from intervention. Therefore, further research is warranted to optimize assessment tools, adapt interventions to be culturally sensitive, and explore social determinants of health in the context of cognitive recovery and eating disorder management.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe review also identifies emotion regulation difficulties as a core transdiagnostic feature underlying disordered eating behaviors. Poor emotional awareness, impulse control, and affective instability are strongly associated with both symptom severity and poorer cognitive performance, further reinforcing the clinical utility of interventions that target emotion regulation as part of a comprehensive treatment plan(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe principal findings of this systematic review highlight a consistent and robust co-occurrence of cognitive impairment, metabolic alterations, and mood dysregulation among individuals experiencing disordered eating behaviors. Notably, depressive symptoms exert a pronounced influence on this triadic relationship, significantly mediating or moderating the impact of metabolic dysfunction on cognitive performance. This interplay reflects a complex biopsychosocial framework whereby cognitive deficits\u0026mdash;frequently involving executive function, attention, and memory\u0026mdash;are not only a consequence of metabolic or nutritional disturbances but are also intimately tied to mood-related factors such as depression and anxiety. This multi-domain convergence underscores that disordered eating is not solely a behavioral or metabolic issue but a multidimensional condition involving intertwined neurocognitive and affective components (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Clinically, these findings advocate for an integrated treatment model that breaks down the traditional silos separating mental and physical health care. Effective management of eating disorders should equally prioritize the assessment and treatment of cognitive dysfunction, metabolic health, and mood disturbances, recognizing their dynamic interactions. Regular screening for cognitive impairments and emotional problems should become a routine component in clinical settings catering to eating disorder populations, enabling early identification and intervention for potentially persistent neuropsychological deficits. Multidisciplinary approaches are warranted, combining nutritional rehabilitation with cognitive remediation therapies aimed at improving executive skills and memory, alongside mind\u0026ndash;body interventions such as mindfulness, yoga, and stress reduction techniques which can enhance emotional regulation and metabolic outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMoreover, treatment plans need to be tailored to individual patient needs and cognizant of the patient\u0026rsquo;s cultural and socioeconomic context. Sociocultural factors\u0026mdash;including ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and social support\u0026mdash;moderate the manifestation and trajectory of eating disorders, as well as the patient\u0026rsquo;s engagement with and responsiveness to treatment. Culturally appropriate psychoeducational programs and preventive measures are essential to address body image concerns and eating behaviors within diverse populations, improving access and adherence to interventions(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). The integration of sociocultural sensitivity into clinical care enhances therapeutic alliance and promotes holistic recovery.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudy limitations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are several limitations that need to be acknowledged. The included studies displayed heterogeneity in terms of design, population characteristics, and assessment tools, limiting comparability and generalizability of the findings. Many studies utilized cross-sectional designs, preventing definitive conclusions regarding causality and the directionality of observed associations(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e). Publication bias remains a concern, as studies reporting significant findings are likelier to be published. Additionally, not all studies accounted for important confounders such as comorbid psychiatric or medical conditions, or medication effects, which could influence cognitive outcomes and metabolic status. Research gaps also persist in the simultaneous, dynamic assessment of cognitive, metabolic, and affective domains, and the included studies were predominantly from Western populations, highlighting the need for broader cross-cultural inquiry.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn summary, this review highlights the complex, multidimensional nature of eating disorders and related cognitive and metabolic dysfunctions. The findings strongly advocate for a holistic, individualized approach to treatment and underscore the necessity for further large-scale, longitudinal, and culturally diverse research to clarify mechanisms and optimize clinical outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis qualitative systematic review offers a comprehensive synthesis of evidence linking cognitive function, metabolic alterations, disordered eating behaviors, and mood dysregulation across diverse populations. Drawing on 123 methodologically robust studies, the findings highlight the intricate interplay between somatic and psychological domains, supporting a biopsychosocial framework of understanding human health. Specifically, obesity and insulin resistance were consistently associated with executive dysfunction and cognitive decline, while depression emerged as a central mediator in these associations. Improvements in cognitive performance following bariatric surgery, as well as the cognitive-emotional consequences of disordered eating, further reinforce the mind\u0026ndash;body connection. Additionally, sociocultural factors were shown to shape how these relationships are expressed and experienced, underscoring the need for culturally sensitive approaches in both assessment and intervention.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe synthesis emphasizes the importance of integrated clinical care models that simultaneously address metabolic, cognitive, and emotional health. Future research should adopt longitudinal and interdisciplinary approaches to better elucidate causal pathways and to inform personalized, holistic treatment strategies. Overall, this review contributes to a growing body of literature advocating for the integration of psychological and physiological dimensions in health assessment, particularly in populations at risk for cognitive and metabolic comorbidity.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbbreviation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFull Term\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJBI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCENTRAL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMMSE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMental State Examination\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTMT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrail Making Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWCST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWisconsin Card Sorting Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWAIS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRAVLT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRey Auditory Verbal Learning Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSDMT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSymbol Digit Modalities Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBDI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBeck Depression Inventory\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHDRS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHamilton Depression Rating Scale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBES\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBinge Eating Scale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTFEQ\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactor Eating Questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDERS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBMI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBody Mass Index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe authors recognize the importance of equity, diversity, and inclusion in research. This review considers a broad range of populations and contexts, including studies from both high-income and low- and middle-income countries, to ensure that diverse voices and experiences are represented in the synthesis. The reviewers are committed to minimizing bias by considering sociocultural and geographic factors that may influence the relationship between cognitive function, metabolic health, disordered eating, and mood disorders.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis review did not receive any specific grant or funding from public, commercial, or not-for-profit agencies. The funders had no role in the design, conduct, data extraction, analysis, interpretation, or reporting of this review.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVP \u0026amp; SSC contributes equally to every step of the publication\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConflicts of interest\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no conflict of interest in this project. The authors declare no personal, financial, professional, or intellectual bias related to the conduct or outcomes of this review.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDuncan AE, Ziobrowski HN, Nicol GE (2017) The Prevalence of Past 12-Month and Lifetime\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;scp\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;DSM‐IV\u0026thinsp;Eating Disorders by \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;scp\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;BMI\u0026thinsp;Category in \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;scp\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;US\u0026thinsp;Men and Women. Eur Eat Disorders Rev 25(3):165\u0026ndash;171\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSantomauro D, Melen S, Mitchison D, Vos T, Whiteford H, Ferrari AJ (2021) The Hidden Burden of Eating Disorders: An Extension of Estimates From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Psychiatry 8(4):320\u0026ndash;328\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStănculete MF, Chiarioni G, Dumitraşcu DL, Dumitraşcu DI, Popa S (2021) Disorders of the Brain-Gut Interaction and Eating Disorders. World J Gastroenterol 27(24):3668\u0026ndash;3681\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCopeland W, Angold A, Costello EJ, Egger HL (2013) Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Correlates of DSM-5 Proposed Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. 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Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908337975\u0026amp;doi=10.1016%2fj.jpsychires.2014.08.004\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=528c8c57db6e6dc5118e4910a3e9cfc1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908337975\u0026amp;doi=10.1016%2fj.jpsychires.2014.08.004\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=528c8c57db6e6dc5118e4910a3e9cfc1\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cognitive dysfunction, Metabolic syndrome, Insulin resistance, Mood disorders, Disordered eating, Emotional dysregulation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7278470/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7278470/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe co-occurrence of cognitive dysfunction, metabolic alterations, disordered eating, and mood dysregulation presents a complex interplay that challenges conventional diagnostic and treatment frameworks. While substantial evidence links these domains, their multidirectional interactions remain underexplored, particularly in relation to sociocultural and developmental influences. Understanding how these conditions manifest and influence one another across the lifespan is vital for informing holistic, integrative approaches to health and clinical care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA qualitative systematic review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for meta-aggregation. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251073979). Eligible studies were observational or mixed-methods in design, involving adolescents (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;12 years) or adults with obesity, insulin resistance, depression or mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, or disordered eating behaviors. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were performed in June 2025. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction. Studies with cross-sectional design, qualitative-only narrative reports, or lacking methodological rigor were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eOut of 1,580 initially identified records, 123 studies met inclusion criteria after full-text screening and appraisal. These spanned diverse geographic regions and age groups (12\u0026ndash;85 years), with moderate to high methodological quality overall. Nineteen studies were excluded due to insufficient methodological rigor. A total of 157 individual findings were extracted and organized into 25 thematic categories, ultimately synthesized into six overarching domains: (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) obesity is consistently linked to executive dysfunction; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) depression acts as a mediator between metabolic dysfunction and cognitive impairment; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) cognitive recovery often follows bariatric surgery; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) insulin resistance negatively affects cognitive performance; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) disordered eating behaviors are tied to emotional lability and cognitive inflexibility; and (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) sociocultural factors such as gender and socioeconomic status moderate cognitive and emotional experiences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis review highlights the intricate, multidirectional relationships between cognitive, emotional, metabolic, and behavioral health. The findings support the adoption of integrated, interdisciplinary care models that recognize both biological and psychosocial contributors. Although methodological quality was generally strong, heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures poses limitations. Future research should emphasize longitudinal frameworks and culturally sensitive tools to unravel causal pathways and inform personalized, mind\u0026ndash;body-centered interventions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Qualitative Systematic Review of Cognitive Function, Metabolic Alterations, Disordered Eating, and Mood Dysregulation in the Context of the Mind–Body Connection","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-05 14:01:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7278470/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ab2acb04-9ec1-4857-abdb-c60a9a32d866","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 5th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":52540291,"name":"Psychology"},{"id":52540292,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-05T14:01:45+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-05 14:01:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7278470","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7278470","identity":"rs-7278470","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}