Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under MAP on post-harvest quality of banana

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This experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Horticulture of AFU, Rampur from August to September 2024. This experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments, each replicated thrice. The treatments involved in this experiment were Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), LDPE + 20% garlic extract, LDPE + 20% onion extract, LDPE + 20% ginger extract, LDPE + 20% neem extract, LDPE + 4% CaCl 2 , LDPE + 1% KMnO 4 and control. From this experiment, it was found that LDPE + 1% KMnO 4 treated fruits had the lowest physiological loss in weight (8.42%), highest vitamin C content (11.83 mg/100 g), reduced softening with maximum firmness (3.47kg/cm 2 ) and the longest shelf life of 26.5 days. Similarly, fruits treated with LDPE + 4% CaCl 2 had the lowest color score (4.67) on 15th day of storage. Among plant extracts, LDPE + 20% neem extract was proved effective in minimizing physiological loss in weight (13.33%), reducing changes in total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) and preserving fruit firmness (3.13 kg/cm 2 ). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that modified atmosphere packaging in combination with 1% KMnO 4 can effectively delay the onset of climacteric phase, delay ethylene synthesis and increase the shelf life of banana. Calcium chloride MAPs Plant extracts Postharvest quality Shelf-life 1. INTRODUCTION Banana ( Musa spp. ) is an important fruit crop grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of over 130 countries globally (Belay, 2022). It is a rich source of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, potassium, vitamin B 6 , vitamin C and antioxidants (Siddiq et al., 2020). However, banana fruits are highly perishable and undergo rapid physiological and biochemical changes after harvest, including increased respiration, rapid ethylene synthesis and microbial decay. Postharvest loss poses a major threat to food security and global hunger. Globally, postharvest loss in fruits and vegetables can reach up to 50% at different stages of value chain (Gustavsson et al., 2011). Postharvest loss of horticultural crops accounts nearly one third of total production in Nepal (Gautam et al., 2019). Therefore, effective postharvest management strategies are essential to maintain fruit quality and reduce losses. Chemical treatments, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), have been widely used to suppress ethylene activities, reduce respiration rates and maintain fruit firmness. KMnO 4 acts as an ethylene oxidizing agent and slows down ripening and senescence processes (Dhakal et al., 2021). Calcium strengthens the middle lamella by forming calcium pectate, which maintains fruit firmness and reduce the moisture loss (Tzortzakis, 2010). In addition, plant-derived extracts used as postharvest treatments have gained significant attention due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (Chen et al., 2025). Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) alters the gaseous environment surrounding the product by regulating the permeability of CO₂ and O₂ through packaging films, thereby reducing respiration rate, moisture loss, and extending shelf life (Priyadarshi et al., 2020). However, comprehensive studies comparing the effectiveness of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere packaging are limited. This study aims to evaluate the effect of selected plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere packaging on the postharvest quality of banana. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Experimental site and plant material The experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Laboratory of Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during August–September 2024. Banana fruits of the cultivar ‘Grand Naine (G-9)’, one of the most widely cultivated cultivars in Nepal due to its high productivity and relative tolerance to diseases such as Panama wilt, were collected from Bhantana Banana Farm, Tandi, Chitwan. The seedlings of the banana (Grand Naine) was taken from the nursery owner of banana from Abhiyan Sahakari Sastha, Pvt. Ltd. which is close to the University area. 2.2 Fruit harvesting and sample preparation Bunches at full physiological maturity were randomly harvested from ten plants and de-handed. To ensure uniformity, the topmost and bottommost hands were discarded and blemish-free fruits of uniform size were selected. The fruits were washed with tap water to remove latex and adhering dirt, sanitized with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite to reduce microbial contamination, and air-dried at room temperature before treatment application. 2.3 Treatment details T 1 : Control (distilled water) T 2 : Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE) T 3 : LDPE + 20% garlic extract T 4 : LDPE + 20% onion extract T 5 : LDPE + 20% ginger extract T 6 : LDPE + 20% neem extract T 7 : LDPE + 4% calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) T 8 : LDPE + 1% potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) 2.4 Treatment preparation Modified atmosphere was created using Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) bags of 40 µm thickness with 4 macro perforations and many micro-perforations. KMnO 4 of 1% was prepared by dissolving one gram of KMnO 4 in 100 ml water. Cotton soaked in KMnO 4 solution was packed into small sachets placed inside the LDPE bags along with banana fruits. For CaCl 2 treatment, a 4% solution was prepared by dissolving 4.08 g CaCl 2 (98% purity) in distilled water and adjusting the volume to 100 ml. Plant extracts were prepared by grinding 1 kg of fresh plant material with 1 L of distilled water (1:1 w/v), followed by filtration through muslin cloth to extract juice, which was regarded as the 100% concentrated extract. It was then diluted to make a 20% solution and fruits were dipped in the respective solutions for 5 minutes and air-dried before packaging. 2.5 Experimental design The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. Each replication consisted of twelve fingers, of which five were used for non-destructive observations and remaining seven for destructive analyses. Fruits were stored under ambient laboratory conditions with an average temperature of 28.5°C and relative humidity of approximately 85%. 2.6 Parameters observed Physiological loss in weight (PLW) was measured by using a digital balance and expressed as percentage. Peel color of fruits was categorized using a standardized peel color chart described by Acedo and Bautista (1991). The chart classifies peel color development ranging from 1 to 8, from fully green to predominantly yellow, with intermediate stages showing gradual yellowing and the appearance of brown flecks. Fruit firmness was determined using handheld mechanical penetrometer and expressed in kg/cm². Total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and vitamin C content were analyzed from the destructive samples in the lab. Shelf life was calculated as number of days until more than 50% of fruits in a treatment become unacceptable due to over-softening, browning or decay. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using R-Studio software. Mean separation was performed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level of significance. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 Physiological loss in weight (PLW) The detailed effect of different treatments on physiological loss in weight of G-9 banana is illustrated in Table 1. Physiological loss in weight increased gradually with storage duration. At 3 days after storage (DAS), the minimum PLW (0.68%) was recorded in fruits treated with LDPE+ 4% CaCl 2, which was statistically similar to all treatments except LDPE alone and control. At 6 DAS, lower PLW (1.27%) was found with LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, which was statistically similar to all other treatments except LDPE alone and control. At 9, 12 and 15 DAS fruits treated with LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 recorded significantly lower PLW of 2.26%, 5.49% and 8.42% respectively. Data for the control were not recorded at 15 DAS due to complete spoilage. Fruits packed in LDPE had consistently lower PLW than control, which can be attributed to reduced moisture loss and lower respiration rates under modified atmosphere (Yogi et al., 2023). Sammi and Masud (2009) reported that KMnO 4 oxidizes ethylene into CO 2 and H 2 O, thereby creating atmosphere with high CO 2 and relative humidity inside the package, which reduces transpiration and ultimately minimizes weight loss. Similarly, plant extracts such as ginger and neem also reduced PLW significantly, potentially due to their bioactive compounds inhibiting microbial growth and slowing metabolic water loss (Dahiya & Singh, 2018). 3.2 Change in peel color The detailed effect of different treatments on peel color change of G-9 banana during storage is presented in Table 2. At 3 days after storage (DAS) , no significant differences among the treatments were observed in peel color development, indicating that most of fruits remained at green stage. However, as storage progressed, the peel color of banana fruits increased gradually, indicating progressive ripening from the green stage to yellow. The treatments significantly influenced peel color development at later observation days (p < 0.001). At 6 DAS, fruits treated with LDPE+ 4% CaCl 2, LDPE + 20% neem extract, and LDPE+ 20% garlic extract recorded the lowest color scores, indicating slower ripening, whereas the control fruits showed the highest color score (3.33), indicating faster color change. At 9 and 12 DAS, fruits treated with LDPE+ 4% CaCl 2 maintained significantly lower color scores (2.00 and 3.33, respectively) and were statistically at par with LDPE+ 20% neem extract, LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, and LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 treatments. By 15 DAS, control fruits were discarded due to complete peel blackening, while LDPE+ 4% CaCl 2 treated fruits exhibited the lowest color score (4.67) and were statistically similar to LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 treatment. This aligns with Chandrakar and Patel (2022), who reported that CaCl 2 treatment delays senescence, slows metabolic activity, and reduces chlorophyll degradation. KMnO 4 treated fruits also exhibited slower color change, likely due to its ethylene-scavenging properties which delay climacteric ethylene peak responsible for chlorophyll breakdown (Rahman et al., 2026). 3.3 Firmness and Pulp peel ratio The effect of different treatments on firmness and pulp peel ratio of G-9 banana is well illustrated in Table 3. Fruit firmness decreased progressively during storage, indicating gradual ripening and softening of banana fruits. At 3 DAS, no significant differences in firmness were observed among treatments (p > 0.05) . However, from 6 DAS onwards, significant differences were recorded (p < 0.001). Fruits treated with LDPE+ 4% CaCl 2 maintained the highest firmness throughout the storage period, with values of 5.54, 5.03, 4.73, and 3.87 kg/cm² at 6, 9, 12, and 15 DAS, respectively, which were statistically at par with LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4. In contrast, control fruits exhibited significantly lower firmness, indicating faster softening during storage due to elevated activity of cell wall degrading enzymes. LDPE+ 4% CaCl 2 treated fruits maintained the highest firmness throughout storage period, likely due to the ability of calcium to form ionic bridges with pectin substances, strengthening the middle lamella and reducing pectin degradation (Minh, 2021). LDPE + 1% KMnO 4 also effectively preserved firmness, consistent with its ethylene oxidizing activity, which delays ripening and pectic hydrolysis (Sarkar et al., 2017). Pulp-to-peel ratio increased gradually during storage as ripening progressed. At 3 DAS , the pulp-to-peel ratio ranged from 1.29 to 1.39 , and no significant differences among treatments were observed (p > 0.05) . However, from 6 DAS onwards , significant differences among treatments were recorded ( p < 0.001 ). Fruits treated with LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 showed the lowest pulp-to-peel ratio at 6, 9, 12, and 15 DAS (1.36, 1.44, 1.80, and 2.16, respectively), indicating delayed ripening. In contrast, control treatments recorded higher ratios at 6, 9 and 12 DAS (1.93, 3.17 and 4.33, respectively), suggesting faster ripening and pulp development. Sarkar et al. (2017) reported lower pulp to peel ratio in KMnO 4 treated fruits may be attributed to delay ripening due to ethylene oxidation during storage, which slows metabolic activities, including the transfer of moisture from peel to pulp. 3.4 Total soluble solids and Titratable Acidity The detailed result of effect of different treatments on TSS and TA of banana is expressed in Table 4. Total soluble solids (TSS) increased progressively during storage, reflecting the advancement of ripening in the fruits. No significant differences among treatments were observed at 3 DAS. However, from 6 DAS onwards, significant variations were recorded (p < 0.001). At 6 DAS, the highest TSS was observed in control fruits (9.93 °Brix), whereas the lowest values were recorded in fruits treated with LDPE+ 20% neem extract (6.40 °Brix), which was statistically at par with LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 , and LDPE+ 4% CaCl 2 . At 9 and 12 DAS, control fruits continued to exhibit significantly higher TSS values (16.64 and 21.87 °Brix, respectively), indicating faster ripening, while LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 treated fruits maintained the lowest TSS values (7.90 and 10.80 °Brix). At 15 DAS, the highest TSS was recorded in fruits stored in LDPE alone (18.70 °Brix), whereas LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 treated fruits maintained the lowest TSS (12.90 °Brix). Sarkar et al. (2017) also found that combination of LDPE packaging and KMnO 4 treatment delays ethylene production. KMnO 4 delays respiration and the conversion of starch into sugar, while LDPE packaging reduces the rate of starch hydrolysis (Kudachikar et al., 2011). Titratable acidity (TA) did not differ significantly among treatments at 3 DAS. In control fruits, TA increased up to 9 DAS (0.65%) and declined thereafter. In contrast, fruits treated with LDPE and plant extract combinations generally reached peak acidity at 12 DAS. Notably, fruits treated with LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 maintained relatively stable acidity throughout the storage period and did not show a decline up to 15 DAS (0.62%), indicating slower metabolic changes and delayed ripening. The acidity of the fruits generally increases until the occurrence of rapid starch hydrolysis; thereafter, acidity declines due to utilization of organic acids in respiration, conversion into sugars and get broken down into simpler volatile compounds contributing to fruit flavor and aroma (Famiani et al., 2015). The delayed peak acidity in LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 treated fruits is likely due to the modified atmosphere slowing metabolic activity and delayed acid producing process. The obtained results are in agreement with the studies of Zewter et al. (2012). 3.5 Shelf life and Vitamin C The effect of different treatments on shelf life and vitamin C content of G-9 banana is presented in Table 5. The highest shelf life was observed in fruits treated with LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 (26.5 days), followed by fruits treated with LDPE+ 20% garlic extract (22.5 days), LDPE+ 4% CaCl 2 (22 days) and LDPE+ 20% neem extract (21.5 days) which were statistically at par with each other. In contrast, the control recorded the shortest shelf life (13.67 days) which was significantly lower than other treatments. The prolonged shelf life in LDPE packed fruits may be due to elevated carbon dioxide levels and reduced oxygen levels which postpone the climacteric rise (Mendoza et al., 2016). Garlic and neem extract also contributed to shelf life extension, likely due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which reduce oxidative stress and microbial decay (Wendimu et al., 2022). The extended shelf life was attributed to moisture conservation by polyethylene packaging, while KMnO 4 reduced ethylene concentration and delayed climacteric rise (Zewter et al., 2012). Vitamin C content did not differ significantly among treatments at 3 and 6 DAS. From 9 DAS onwards, LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 treated fruits maintained significantly higher vitamin C levels (13.07, 12.55, and 11.83 mg 100 g⁻¹ at 9, 12, and 15 DAS, respectively). In contrast, control showed a rapid decline in vitamin C content, dropping to 10.39 mg 100 g⁻¹ by 9 DAS and further to 8.50 mg 100 g⁻¹ by 12 DAS. Fruits packed in LDPE and treated with 1% KMnO 4 retained significantly higher vitamin C content, likely due to delayed ripening and reduced oxidative stress (Tran, 2024). 4. CONCLUSION This research aimed to enhance the postharvest quality and prolong the shelf life of banana by applying plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmospheric conditions. The use of MAP combined with plant extracts and chemicals significantly improved the postharvest quality of banana. LDPE + 1% KMnO 4 was found effective in slowing down ripening, reducing weight loss, delaying changes in TSS and TA and prolonging shelf life. Among plant extracts, neem extract was found effective in vitamin C retention, delaying changes in TSS and TA and maintaining firmness of fruit. These findings indicate that the combination of plant extracts or chemicals with modified atmosphere packaging can effectively reduce postharvest deterioration in banana. Declarations ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank to the Department of Horticulture for providing the lab for data analysis and other management. AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTIONS Credit: Gaurav Bhatt: Conceptualization, funding acquisition and resources management, Methodology and design of experiment, Lab analysis works, Data analysis, Writing-original draft, Writing, reviewing and editing. Hom Nath Giri: Conceptualization, Investigation, methodology and design of experiment, Monitoring and supervision, Funding acquisition, Writing-reviewing and editing. Arjun Kumar Shrestha: Reviewing and editing, Monitoring and inspection. Arjun Subedi: Reviewing and editing, Monitoring and inspection. DECLEARATION OF FUNDING No funding was received to support this research. HUMAN ETHICS DECLEARATION There was no participation of human beings for the completion of this research. CONSENT TO PUBLISH DECLARARTION The collection of the plants and plants parts used in our study complied with local and national guidelines which were followed. The plant materials was obtained from a private farmland nearby the university premises which was permitted by the university to conduct the research. TYPE OF THE TRIAL This is not a clinical trial. ETHICS AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE Not applicable. DISCLOSURE STATEMENT The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Data related to this study is available from the principal investigator and corresponding author upon reasonable request. ABOUT AUTHORS Mr. Gaurav Bhatt serves as an agriculture instructor. He holds a MS degree in Agriculture with major specialization in Horticulture from Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Chitwan, Nepal. Hom Nath Giri, PhD is an Associate Professor at the Department of Horticulture and serve as the Assistant Dean of Faculty of Agriculture at Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan. His research interest include off-season vegetable production, post-harvest horticulture and protected horticulture. Arjun Kumar Shrestha, PhD is a Professor at the Department of Horticulture and serves as a Dean of Faculty of Agriculture at Agriculture and Forestry University. He has expertise in fruit production technology, protected horticulture and post-harvest horticulture. Arjun Subedi is an Asst. Professor at the College of Natural Resource Management, Puranchaur, Kaski. He has expertise in fruit production technology and post-harvest horticulture. References Acedo, A. L., Jr. and Bautista, O. K. 1991. Enhancing ripening of ‘Saba’ banana (Musa, BBB group) fruits with gliricidia leaves as ethylene source. Philippine Agriculturist, 74 (3), 351–365. Belay, A. F. (2022). Review on factors of harvested banana fruits safety and quality and its effects. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 12 (23), 18–27. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-23-03 Chandrakar, Y. K., Panigrahi, H. K., Patel, D. and Tamrakar, S. 2022. Impact of post-harvest application of chemicals and packaging materials on ripening and shelf-life of banana ( Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine. Progressive Horticulture, 54 (1), 28–38. DOI: 10.5958/2249-5258.2022.00002.1 Chen, D., Liu, L., Gao, Z., Zhao, J., Yang, Y. and Shen, Z. 2025. Preservation of fruit quality at postharvest through plant-based extracts and elicitors. Horticulturae, 11 (10), 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11101186 Dahiya, J. and Singh, S. K. 2018. Plant extracts to reduce physiological loss in weight of ber ( Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) fruits during storage . Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7 (4), 1186–1189. Dhakal, S., Aryal, S., Khanal, P., Basnet, B. and Srivastava, A. 2021. 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Potassium and calcium enrichment alleviate salinity-induced stress in hydroponically grown endives. Horticultural Science , 37 (4), 155-162. Wendimu, E., Mishra, N. and Sharma, R. 2022. Allium sativum (garlic) and Azadirachta indica (neem) based functional edible coating to improve the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. Agricultural Research Journal, 59 (1), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.5958/2395-146X.2022.00027.8 Yogi, L. N., Adhikari, S. P., Bohara, K. and Thapa, D. 2023. Comparative analysis of different packaging materials on the postharvest performance of banana fruits. International Journal of Horticulture and Food Science, 5 (2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.33545/26631067.2023.v5.i2a.169 Zewter, A., Woldetsadik, K. and Workneh, T. S. 2012. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene, potassium permanganate and packaging on quality of banana. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7 (16), 2425–2437. Tables Table 1. Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on physiological loss in weight of G-9 banana Treatments Physiological loss in weight (%) 3 DAS 6 DAS 9 DAS 12 DAS 15 DAS T 1 : 8.68 a (2.94) 11.68 a (3.41) 15.79 a (3.96) 25.80 a (5.07) - T 2 : 0.77 b (1.39) 1.32 b (2.15) 7.37 b (2.70) 13.60 b (3.68) 21.43 a (4.62) T 3 : 0.75 c (0.85) 1.80 c (1.32) 3.35 c (1.82) 8.07 c (2.83) 18.07 b (4.25) T 4 : 0.70 c (0.83) 1.40 c (1.18) 2.51 cd (1.57) 7.21 cd (2.67) 17.97 b (4.23) T 5 : 0.74 c (0.85) 1.27 c (1.12) 2.88 cd (1.69) 7.03 cd (2.67) 16.50 b (4.06) T 6 : 0.90 c (0.92) 1.94 c (1.16) 2.74 cd (1.65) 6.57 cd (2.55) 13.33 c (3.64) T 7 : 0.68 c (0.82) 1.66 c (1.28) 2.93 cd (1.70) 7.10 cd (2.65) 11.97 c (3.45) T 8 : 0.73 c (0.85) 1.33 c (1.15) 2.26 d (1.50) 5.49 d (2.33) 8.42 d (2.89) SEm (±) 0.02 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.07 LSD 0.05 0.21 0.23 0.28 0.33 0.22 P value *** *** *** *** *** CV, % 10.55 8.30 8.02 6.34 3.84 Grand mean 1.89 3.14 2.07 3.06 3.39 T 1 : Control, T 2 : Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T 3 : LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T 4 : LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T 5 : LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T 6 : LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T 7 : LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T 8 : LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 Note: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. *** indicates highly significant at p<0.001, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage [Statistical tests were performed on square-root transformed data to meet assumptions, Figures in parentheses are transformed (square root) values] Table 2. Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on change of peel color of G-9 banana Treatment Color score 6 DAS 9 DAS 12 DAS 15 DAS T 1 : 3.33 a (1.82) 6.33 a (2.50) 7.33 a (2.50) - T 2 : 2.00 b (1.41) 3.00 bcd (1.73) 6.00 bcd (1.73) 6.67 a (2.44) T 3 : 1.00 c (1.00) 3.33 bc (1.82) 5.33 bc (1.82) 6.00 ab (2.30) T 4 : 1.67 bc (1.27) 4.00 b (1.98) 5.67 b (1.99) 6.67 a (2.37) T 5 : 1.33 bc (1.13) 2.67 cd (1.62) 5.33 cd (1.62) 6.33 ab (2.30) T 6 : 1.00 c (1.00) 2.33 cd (1.52) 4.33 cd (1.52) 6.33 bc (2.07) T 7 : 1.00 c (1.00) 2.00 d (1.41) 3.33 d (1.41) 4.67 d (1.82) T 8 : 1.33 bc (1.13) 2.33 cd (1.52) 3.67 cd (1.52) 5.33 cd (1.91) SEm (±) 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.07 LSD 0.05 0.27 0.30 0.30 0.22 P value *** *** *** *** CV, % 12.77 9.89 9.89 5.80 Grand mean 1.58 1.76 1.77 2.17 T 1 : Control, T 2 : Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T 3 : LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T 4 : LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T 5 : LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T 6 : LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T 7 : LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T 8 : LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 Note: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. *** indicates highly significant at p<0.001, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage [Statistical tests were performed on square-root transformed data to meet assumptions, Figures in parentheses are transformed (square root) values] Table 3. Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on firmness and pulp peel ratio of G-9 banana Treatment 3 DAS 6 DAS 9 DAS 12 DAS 15 DAS Firmness (kg/cm 2 ) Pulp peel ratio Firmness (kg/cm 2 ) Pulp peel ratio Firmness (kg/cm 2 ) Pulp peel ratio Firmness (kg/cm 2 ) Pulp peel ratio Firmness (kg/cm 2 ) Pulp peel ratio T1 5.63 1.38 4.37 d 1.93 a 2.63 e 3.17 a 1.70 d 4.33 a - - T2 5.73 1.31 5.23 ab 1.87 a 4.20 cd 2.66 ab 3.10 c 3.13 b 1.73 d 3.54 a T3 5.57 1.39 4.78 c 1.48 b 4.23 cd 1.62 de 3.27 c 2.02 f 1.87 d 2.47 e T4 5.77 1.35 5.07 b 1.81 a 3.90 d 2.40 bc 3.27 c 2.80 c 1.13 e 3.10 b T5 5.77 1.34 5.30 ab 1.59 b 4.50 bc 2.01 cd 3.20 c 2.57 d 2.40 c 2.91 c T6 5.67 1.34 5.33 ab 1.47 bc 4.63 b 1.99 cde 4.27 b 2.40 e 3.13 b 2.63 d T7 5.87 1.29 5.54 a 1.57 b 5.03 a 1.85 cde 4.73 a 2.09 f 3.87 a 2.42 e T8 5.83 1.33 5.40 a 1.36 c 4.83 ab 1.44 e 4.50 ab 1.80 g 3.47 ab 2.16 f SEm (±) 0.05 0.04 0.1 0.03 0.11 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.13 0.04 LSD 0.05 0.16 0.05 0.30 0.06 0.35 0.05 0.25 0.07 0.40 0.05 P value ns ns *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** CV, % 1.71 5.53 3.37 3.87 4.75 13.95 4.20 2.84 9.14 2.95 Grand mean 5.71 1.33 5.12 1.6 4.24 2.14 3.50 2.63 2.51 2.74 T 1 : Control, T 2 : Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T 3 : LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T 4 : LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T 5 : LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T 6 : LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T 7 : LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T 8 : LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 Note: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. *** indicates highly significant at p0.05, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage Table 4. Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on total soluble solids (TSS) and Titratable acidity (TA) of G-9 banana Treatment 3 DAS 6 DAS 9 DAS 12 DAS 15 DAS TSS TA TSS TA TSS TA TSS TA TSS TA T1 5.71 0.33 9.93 a 0.45 a 16.64 a 0.65 a 21.87 a 0.60 c - - T2 5.28 0.31 8.40 b 0.39 bcd 11.50 b 0.49 bc 15.83 b 0.66 ab 18.70 a 0.62 b T3 5.20 0.32 7.90 b 0.42 ab 9.37 cd 0.5 b 13.90 cd 0.68 ab 16.60 b 0.65 a T4 5.13 0.31 8.00 b 0.41 bc 9.90 c 0.50 bc 14.20 c 0.70 a 18.10 a 0.61 b T5 5.40 0.32 6.63 c 0.38 cd 9.10 d 0.46 cd 13.50 cd 0.65 b 16.20 b 0.59 c T6 5.47 0.33 6.40 c 0.39 bcd 8.90 d 0.48 bc 13.10 d 0.66 ab 15.00 c 0.62 b T7 5.32 0.31 6.80 c 0.38 cd 9.40 cd 0.50 bc 14.10 c 0.69 ab 17.00 b 0.63 ab T8 5.38 0.30 6.40 c 0.34 e 7.90 e 0.41 d 10.80 e 0.54 d 12.90 d 0.62 b SEm (±) 0.24 0.02 0.23 0.01 0.19 0.02 0.38 0.01 0.35 0.008 LSD 0.05 0.72 0.04 0.69 0.03 0.58 0.06 0.76 0.04 1.08 0.02 P value Ns ns *** *** *** *** *** *** *** * CV, % 7.77 9.83 5.31 4.55 3.29 6.91 3.01 3.59 3.78 2.33 Grand mean 5.36 0.31 7.55 0.39 10.33 0.50 14.66 0.64 16.35 0.62 T 1 : Control, T 2 : Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T 3 : LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T 4 : LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T 5 : LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T 6 : LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T 7 : LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T 8 : LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 Note: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. * indicates significant at p<0.05, *** indicates highly significant at p0.05, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage Table 5. Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on shelf life and vitamin C content of G-9 banana Treatment Shelf Life (Days) Vitamin C (mg/100 g) 3 DAS 6 DAS 9 DAS 12 DAS 15 DAS T1 13.67 g 13.46 13.09 10.39 e 8.50 e - T2 18.50 f 13.46 13.22 11.81 d 11.31 d 9.63 e T3 22.50 b 13.59 13.29 12.41 c 11.75 c 10.93 d T4 20.17 e 13.69 13.21 12.76 b 12.23 b 11.17 c T5 20.83 de 13.63 13.23 12.56 c 11.85 c 10.88 d T6 21.50 cd 13.70 13.30 12.86 b 12.16 b 11.26 c T7 22.00 bc 13.74 13.18 12.86 b 12.37 ab 11.53 b T8 26.50 a 13.52 13.33 13.07 a 12.55 a 11.83 a SEm (±) 0.30 0.14 0.09 0.05 0.10 0.07 LSD 0.05 0.91 0.44 0.29 0.16 0.28 0.22 P value *** ns Ns *** *** *** CV, % 2.56 1.89 1.26 0.75 1.45 1.14 Grand mean 20.70 13.62 13.23 12.34 11.59 11.03 T 1 : Control, T 2 : Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T 3 : LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T 4 : LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T 5 : LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T 6 : LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T 7 : LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T 8 : LDPE+ 1% KMnO 4 Note: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. *** indicates highly significant at p0.05, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9241904","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":623268971,"identity":"a1a19bfe-3303-48ad-a26f-7fba2f7d5436","order_by":0,"name":"Gaurav Bhatt","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Agriculture and Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gaurav","middleName":"","lastName":"Bhatt","suffix":""},{"id":623268972,"identity":"aef27706-3bd8-4785-853c-40ae30ff98b4","order_by":1,"name":"Hom Nath Giri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwbGBoaECgZ+EEeCBC1nGCQbSNACBIxtpGgx51/c9uHhPDsJgwPMB2/zMNzJI6jFcsbD5hmJ25KBWtiSrXkYnhUTdtiNg80MiduY6wwO8JhJ8zAcTmwgTsuceqAt/N+I1HK+Eail4TBQCw8bsbYwNjMkHDsuIXmYzdhyjsFhIvxy/vhjxh811RJ8x5sf3nhTcZhwiDFIJEAZzGATGBJwqoQD/gOofCK0jIJRMApGwUgDAJzfPZcScmGkAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Agriculture and Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hom","middleName":"Nath","lastName":"Giri","suffix":""},{"id":623268973,"identity":"75e8e919-a516-4c80-acf1-cbd3fe7de66c","order_by":2,"name":"Arjun Kumar Shrestha","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Agriculture and Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arjun","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Shrestha","suffix":""},{"id":623268974,"identity":"4b3b86cc-0a33-459a-9753-129a4fe4ca1e","order_by":3,"name":"Arjun Subedi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Agriculture and Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arjun","middleName":"","lastName":"Subedi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-27 08:08:42","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9241904/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9241904/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107481849,"identity":"4b5a58ac-005b-4211-922e-454001ae4288","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-22 02:20:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":849901,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9241904/v1/e44e8520-60f8-4b62-8388-2f19e69cf44d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under MAP on post-harvest quality of banana","fulltext":[{"header":"1. INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eBanana (\u003cem\u003eMusa spp.\u003c/em\u003e) is an important fruit crop grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of over 130 countries globally (Belay, 2022). It is a rich source of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, potassium, vitamin B\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e, vitamin C and antioxidants (Siddiq et al., 2020). However, banana fruits are highly perishable and undergo rapid physiological and biochemical changes after harvest, including increased respiration, rapid ethylene synthesis and microbial decay. Postharvest loss poses a major threat to food security and global hunger. Globally, postharvest loss in fruits and vegetables can reach up to 50% at different stages of value chain (Gustavsson et al., 2011). Postharvest loss of horticultural crops accounts nearly one third of total production in Nepal (Gautam et al., 2019). Therefore, effective postharvest management strategies are essential to maintain fruit quality and reduce losses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical treatments, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) and calcium chloride (CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e), have been widely used to suppress ethylene activities, reduce respiration rates and maintain fruit firmness. KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e acts as an ethylene oxidizing agent and slows down ripening and senescence processes (Dhakal et al., 2021). Calcium strengthens the middle lamella by forming calcium pectate, which maintains fruit firmness and reduce the moisture loss (Tzortzakis, 2010). In addition, plant-derived extracts used as postharvest treatments have gained significant attention due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (Chen et al., 2025).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) alters the gaseous environment surrounding the product by regulating the permeability of CO₂ and O₂ through packaging films, thereby reducing respiration rate, moisture loss, and extending shelf life (Priyadarshi et al., 2020). However, comprehensive studies comparing the effectiveness of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere packaging are limited. This study aims to evaluate the effect of selected plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere packaging on the postharvest quality of banana.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. MATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Experimental site and plant material\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Laboratory of Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during August\u0026ndash;September 2024. Banana fruits of the cultivar \u0026lsquo;Grand Naine (G-9)\u0026rsquo;, one of the most widely cultivated cultivars in Nepal due to its high productivity and relative tolerance to diseases such as Panama wilt, were collected from Bhantana Banana Farm, Tandi, Chitwan. The seedlings of the banana (Grand Naine) was taken from the nursery owner of banana from Abhiyan Sahakari Sastha, Pvt. Ltd. which is close to the University area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Fruit harvesting and sample preparation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBunches at full physiological maturity were randomly harvested from ten plants and de-handed. To ensure uniformity, the topmost and bottommost hands were discarded and blemish-free fruits of uniform size were selected. The fruits were washed with tap water to remove latex and adhering dirt, sanitized with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite to reduce microbial contamination, and air-dried at room temperature before treatment application.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Treatment details\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e: Control (distilled water)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e: Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;20% garlic extract\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;20% onion extract\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;20% ginger extract\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;20% neem extract\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;4% calcium chloride (CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1% potassium permanganate (KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Treatment preparation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eModified atmosphere was created using Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) bags of 40 \u0026micro;m thickness with 4 macro perforations and many micro-perforations. KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e of 1% was prepared by dissolving one gram of KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e in 100 ml water. Cotton soaked in KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e solution was packed into small sachets placed inside the LDPE bags along with banana fruits. For CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e treatment, a 4% solution was prepared by dissolving 4.08 g CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (98% purity) in distilled water and adjusting the volume to 100 ml. Plant extracts were prepared by grinding 1 kg of fresh plant material with 1 L of distilled water (1:1 w/v), followed by filtration through muslin cloth to extract juice, which was regarded as the 100% concentrated extract. It was then diluted to make a 20% solution and fruits were dipped in the respective solutions for 5 minutes and air-dried before packaging.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5 Experimental design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. Each replication consisted of twelve fingers, of which five were used for non-destructive observations and remaining seven for destructive analyses. Fruits were stored under ambient laboratory conditions with an average temperature of 28.5\u0026deg;C and relative humidity of approximately 85%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.6 Parameters observed\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological loss in weight (PLW) was measured by using a digital balance and expressed as percentage. Peel color of fruits was categorized using a standardized peel color chart described by Acedo and Bautista (1991). The chart classifies peel color development ranging from 1 to 8, from fully green to predominantly yellow, with intermediate stages showing gradual yellowing and the appearance of brown flecks. Fruit firmness was determined using handheld mechanical penetrometer and expressed in kg/cm\u0026sup2;. Total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and vitamin C content were analyzed from the destructive samples in the lab. Shelf life was calculated as number of days until more than 50% of fruits in a treatment become unacceptable due to over-softening, browning or decay. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using R-Studio software. Mean separation was performed using Duncan\u0026rsquo;s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level of significance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS","content":"\u003ch2\u003e3.1 Physiological loss in weight (PLW)\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed effect of different treatments on physiological loss in weight of G-9 banana is illustrated in Table 1. Physiological loss in weight increased gradually with storage duration. At 3 days after storage (DAS), the minimum PLW (0.68%) was recorded in fruits treated with LDPE+ 4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2,\u003c/sub\u003e which was statistically similar to all treatments except LDPE alone and control. At 6 DAS, lower PLW (1.27%) was found with LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, which was statistically similar to all other treatments except LDPE alone and control. At 9, 12 and 15 DAS fruits treated with LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e recorded significantly lower PLW of 2.26%, 5.49% and 8.42% respectively. Data for the control were not recorded at 15 DAS due to complete spoilage. Fruits packed in LDPE had consistently lower PLW than control, which can be attributed to reduced moisture loss and lower respiration rates under modified atmosphere (Yogi et al., 2023). Sammi and Masud (2009) reported that KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e oxidizes ethylene into CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO, thereby creating atmosphere with high CO\u003csub\u003e2 \u003c/sub\u003eand relative humidity inside the package, which reduces transpiration and ultimately minimizes weight loss. Similarly, plant extracts such as ginger and neem also reduced PLW significantly, potentially due to their bioactive compounds inhibiting microbial growth and slowing metabolic water loss (Dahiya \u0026amp; Singh, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.2 Change in peel color\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed effect of different treatments on peel color change of G-9 banana during storage is presented in Table 2. At \u003cstrong\u003e3 days after storage (DAS)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e, \u003c/strong\u003eno significant differences among the treatments were observed in peel color development, indicating that most of fruits remained at green stage. However, as storage progressed, the peel color of banana fruits increased gradually, indicating progressive ripening from the green stage to yellow. The treatments significantly influenced peel color development at later observation days (p \u0026lt; 0.001). At 6 DAS, fruits treated with LDPE+ 4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2, \u003c/sub\u003eLDPE + 20% neem extract, and LDPE+ 20% garlic extract recorded the lowest color scores, indicating slower ripening, whereas the control fruits showed the highest color score (3.33), indicating faster color change. At 9 and 12 DAS, fruits treated with LDPE+ 4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e maintained significantly lower color scores (2.00 and 3.33, respectively) and were statistically at par with LDPE+ 20% neem extract, LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, and LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e treatments. By 15 DAS, control fruits were discarded due to complete peel blackening, while LDPE+ 4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2 \u003c/sub\u003etreated fruits exhibited the lowest color score (4.67) and were statistically similar to LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e treatment. This aligns with Chandrakar and Patel (2022), who reported that CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e treatment delays senescence, slows metabolic activity, and reduces chlorophyll degradation. KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e treated fruits also exhibited slower color change, likely due to its ethylene-scavenging properties which delay climacteric ethylene peak responsible for chlorophyll breakdown (Rahman et al., 2026).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.3 Firmness and Pulp peel ratio\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effect of different treatments on firmness and pulp peel ratio of G-9 banana is well illustrated in Table 3. Fruit firmness decreased progressively during storage, indicating gradual ripening and softening of banana fruits. At 3 DAS, no significant differences in firmness were observed among treatments \u003cstrong\u003e(p \u0026gt; 0.05)\u003c/strong\u003e. However, from 6 DAS onwards, significant differences were recorded (p \u0026lt; 0.001). Fruits treated with LDPE+ 4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e maintained the highest firmness throughout the storage period, with values of 5.54, 5.03, 4.73, and 3.87 kg/cm\u0026sup2; at 6, 9, 12, and 15 DAS, respectively, which were statistically at par with LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4. \u003c/sub\u003eIn contrast, control fruits exhibited significantly lower firmness, indicating faster softening during storage due to elevated activity of cell wall degrading enzymes. LDPE+ 4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e treated fruits maintained the highest firmness throughout storage period, likely due to the ability of calcium to form ionic bridges with pectin substances, strengthening the middle lamella and reducing pectin degradation (Minh, 2021). LDPE + 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c/sub\u003ealso effectively preserved firmness, consistent with its ethylene oxidizing activity, which delays ripening and pectic hydrolysis (Sarkar et al., 2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePulp-to-peel ratio increased gradually during storage as ripening progressed. At \u003cstrong\u003e3 DAS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e,\u003c/strong\u003e the pulp-to-peel ratio ranged from \u003cstrong\u003e1.29 to 1.39\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e, \u003c/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003eno significant differences among treatments were observed (p \u0026gt; 0.05)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e However, from \u003cstrong\u003e6 DAS onwards\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e,\u003c/strong\u003e significant differences among treatments were recorded \u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep \u0026lt; 0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e). \u003c/strong\u003eFruits treated with LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e showed the lowest pulp-to-peel ratio at 6, 9, 12, and 15 DAS (1.36, 1.44, 1.80, and 2.16, respectively), indicating delayed ripening. In contrast, control treatments recorded higher ratios at 6, 9 and 12 DAS (1.93, 3.17 and 4.33, respectively), suggesting faster ripening and pulp development. Sarkar et al. (2017) reported lower pulp to peel ratio in KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e treated fruits may be attributed to delay ripening due to ethylene oxidation during storage, which slows metabolic activities, including the transfer of moisture from peel to pulp.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.4 Total soluble solids and Titratable Acidity\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed result of effect of different treatments on TSS and TA of banana is expressed in Table 4. Total soluble solids (TSS) increased progressively during storage, reflecting the advancement of ripening in the fruits. No significant differences among treatments were observed at 3 DAS. However, from 6 DAS onwards, significant variations were recorded (p \u0026lt; 0.001). At 6 DAS, the highest TSS was observed in control fruits (9.93 \u0026deg;Brix), whereas the lowest values were recorded in fruits treated with LDPE+ 20% neem extract (6.40 \u0026deg;Brix), which was statistically at par with LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e, and LDPE+ 4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. At 9 and 12 DAS, control fruits continued to exhibit significantly higher TSS values (16.64 and 21.87 \u0026deg;Brix, respectively), indicating faster ripening, while LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e treated fruits maintained the lowest TSS values (7.90 and 10.80 \u0026deg;Brix). At 15 DAS, the highest TSS was recorded in fruits stored in LDPE alone (18.70 \u0026deg;Brix), whereas LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c/sub\u003etreated fruits maintained the lowest TSS (12.90 \u0026deg;Brix). Sarkar et al. (2017) also found that combination of LDPE packaging and KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e treatment delays ethylene production. KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e delays respiration and the conversion of starch into sugar, while LDPE packaging reduces the rate of starch hydrolysis (Kudachikar et al., 2011).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTitratable acidity (TA) did not differ significantly among treatments at 3 DAS. In control fruits, TA increased up to 9 DAS (0.65%) and declined thereafter. In contrast, fruits treated with LDPE and plant extract combinations generally reached peak acidity at 12 DAS. Notably, fruits treated with LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e maintained relatively stable acidity throughout the storage period and did not show a decline up to 15 DAS (0.62%), indicating slower metabolic changes and delayed ripening. The acidity of the fruits generally increases until the occurrence of rapid starch hydrolysis; thereafter, acidity declines due to utilization of organic acids in respiration, conversion into sugars and get broken down into simpler volatile compounds contributing to fruit flavor and aroma (Famiani et al., 2015). The delayed peak acidity in LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e treated fruits is likely due to the modified atmosphere slowing metabolic activity and delayed acid producing process. The obtained results are in agreement with the studies of Zewter et al. (2012). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.5 Shelf life and Vitamin C\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effect of different treatments on shelf life and vitamin C content of G-9 banana is presented in Table 5. The highest shelf life was observed in fruits treated with LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c/sub\u003e(26.5 days), followed by fruits treated with LDPE+ 20% garlic extract (22.5 days), LDPE+ 4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (22 days) and LDPE+ 20% neem extract (21.5 days) which were statistically at par with each other. In contrast, the control recorded the shortest shelf life (13.67 days) which was significantly lower than other treatments. The prolonged shelf life in LDPE packed fruits may be due to elevated carbon dioxide levels and reduced oxygen levels which postpone the climacteric rise (Mendoza et al., 2016). Garlic and neem extract also contributed to shelf life extension, likely due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which reduce oxidative stress and microbial decay (Wendimu et al., 2022). The extended shelf life was attributed to moisture conservation by polyethylene packaging, while KMnO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c/sub\u003ereduced ethylene concentration and delayed climacteric rise (Zewter et al., 2012).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVitamin C content did not differ significantly among treatments at 3 and 6 DAS. From 9 DAS onwards, LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c/sub\u003etreated fruits maintained significantly higher vitamin C levels (13.07, 12.55, and 11.83 mg 100 g⁻\u0026sup1; at 9, 12, and 15 DAS, respectively). In contrast, control showed a rapid decline in vitamin C content, dropping to 10.39 mg 100 g⁻\u0026sup1; by 9 DAS and further to 8.50 mg 100 g⁻\u0026sup1; by 12 DAS. Fruits packed in LDPE and treated with 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e retained significantly higher vitamin C content, likely due to delayed ripening and reduced oxidative stress (Tran, 2024).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis research aimed to enhance the postharvest quality and prolong the shelf life of banana by applying plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmospheric conditions. The use of MAP combined with plant extracts and chemicals significantly improved the postharvest quality of banana. LDPE + 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e was found effective in slowing down ripening, reducing weight loss, delaying changes in TSS and TA and prolonging shelf life. Among plant extracts, neem extract was found effective in vitamin C retention, delaying changes in TSS and TA and maintaining firmness of fruit. These findings indicate that the combination of plant extracts or chemicals with modified atmosphere packaging can effectively reduce postharvest deterioration in banana.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank to the Department of Horticulture for providing the lab for data analysis and other management.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAUTHOR\u0026rsquo;S CONTRIBUTIONS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCredit: \u003cstrong\u003eGaurav Bhatt:\u003c/strong\u003e Conceptualization, funding acquisition and resources management, Methodology and design of experiment, Lab analysis works, Data analysis, Writing-original draft, Writing, reviewing and editing. \u003cstrong\u003eHom Nath Giri:\u003c/strong\u003e Conceptualization, Investigation, methodology and design of experiment, Monitoring and supervision, Funding acquisition, Writing-reviewing and editing. \u003cstrong\u003eArjun Kumar Shrestha:\u003c/strong\u003e Reviewing and editing, Monitoring and inspection. \u003cstrong\u003eArjun Subedi:\u003c/strong\u003e Reviewing and editing, Monitoring and inspection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDECLEARATION OF FUNDING\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received to support this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHUMAN ETHICS DECLEARATION\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere was no participation of human beings for the completion of this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCONSENT TO PUBLISH DECLARARTION\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe collection of the plants and plants parts used in our study complied with local and national guidelines which were followed. The plant materials was obtained from a private farmland nearby the university premises which was permitted by the university to conduct the research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTYPE OF THE TRIAL\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is not a clinical trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eETHICS AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDISCLOSURE STATEMENT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData related to this study is available from the principal investigator and corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABOUT AUTHORS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMr. Gaurav Bhatt\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eserves as an agriculture instructor. He holds a MS degree in Agriculture with major specialization in Horticulture from Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Chitwan, Nepal. \u003cstrong\u003eHom Nath Giri, PhD\u003c/strong\u003e is an Associate Professor at the Department of Horticulture and serve as the Assistant Dean of Faculty of Agriculture at Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan. His research interest include off-season vegetable production, post-harvest horticulture and protected horticulture. \u003cstrong\u003eArjun Kumar Shrestha, PhD\u003c/strong\u003e is a Professor at the Department of Horticulture and serves as a Dean of Faculty of Agriculture at Agriculture and Forestry University. He has expertise in fruit production technology, protected horticulture and post-harvest horticulture. \u003cstrong\u003eArjun Subedi\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eis an Asst. Professor at the College of Natural Resource Management, Puranchaur, Kaski. He has expertise in fruit production technology and post-harvest horticulture.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcedo, A. L., Jr. and Bautista, O. K. 1991. Enhancing ripening of \u0026lsquo;Saba\u0026rsquo; banana (Musa, BBB group) fruits with gliricidia leaves as ethylene source. \u003cem\u003ePhilippine Agriculturist, \u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e74\u003c/strong\u003e(3), 351\u0026ndash;365. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBelay, A. F. (2022). Review on factors of harvested banana fruits safety and quality and its effects. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, \u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e(23), 18\u0026ndash;27. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-23-03\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChandrakar, Y. K., Panigrahi, H. K., Patel, D. and Tamrakar, S. 2022. 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Comparative analysis of different packaging materials on the postharvest performance of banana fruits. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Horticulture and Food Science, \u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e(2), 1\u0026ndash;6. https://doi.org/10.33545/26631067.2023.v5.i2a.169\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZewter, A., Woldetsadik, K. and Workneh, T. S. 2012. Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene, potassium permanganate and packaging on quality of banana. \u003cem\u003eAfrican Journal of Agricultural Research, \u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e(16), 2425\u0026ndash;2437.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on physiological loss in weight of G-9 banana\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Treatments\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhysiological loss in weight (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 6 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 9 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;12 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;15 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.68\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(2.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.68\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(3.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.79\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(3.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.80\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(5.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; -\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(1.39)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(2.15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.37\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(2.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.60\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(3.68)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.43\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(4.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(0.85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.80\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.32)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.35\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.07\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(2.83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.07\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(4.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(0.83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.51\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.21\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(2.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.97\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(4.23)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(0.85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.88\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.69)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.03\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(2.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.50\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(4.06)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(0.92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.94\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.16)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.74\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.57\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(2.55)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.33\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(3.64)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(0.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.66\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.93\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.10\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(2.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.97\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(3.45)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(0.85)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.26\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e(1.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.49\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e(2.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.42\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e(2.89)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEm\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e(\u0026plusmn;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCV, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrand mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e: Control, T\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e: Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. *** indicates highly significant at p\u0026lt;0.001, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage [Statistical tests were performed on square-root transformed data to meet assumptions, Figures in parentheses are transformed (square root) values]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on change of peel color of G-9 banana\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 82px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Color score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 15 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(1.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.33\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(2.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.33\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(2.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(1.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(2.44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e(1.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e(1.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e(2.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e(1.27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(1.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.67\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e(1.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e(2.37)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e(1.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.67\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.33\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e(2.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.33\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.33\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.33\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e(2.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e(1.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e(1.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.33\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e(1.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.67\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e(1.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e(1.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.33\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.67\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e(1.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEm\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e(\u0026plusmn;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCV, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrand mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e: Control, T\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e: Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. *** indicates highly significant at p\u0026lt;0.001, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage [Statistical tests were performed on square-root transformed data to meet assumptions, Figures in parentheses are transformed (square root) values]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on firmness and pulp peel ratio of G-9 banana\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 \u0026nbsp; DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirmness (kg/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePulp peel ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirmness (kg/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePulp peel ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirmness (kg/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePulp peel ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirmness (kg/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePulp peel ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirmness (kg/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePulp peel ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 5.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.37\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.93\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.63\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.17\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.70\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.33\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 5.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.23\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.66\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.10\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.13\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.73\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.54\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 5.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.78\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.48\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.23\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.62\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.27\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.02\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.47\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 5.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.07\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.81\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.40\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.27\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.80\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.10\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 5.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.30\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.59\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.50\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.01\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.20\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.57\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.40\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.91\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 5.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.33\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.47\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.63\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.99\u003csup\u003ecde\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.27\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.40\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.13\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.63\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 5.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.54\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.57\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.03\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.85\u003csup\u003ecde\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.73\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.09\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.42\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; 5.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.40\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.36\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.83\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.44\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.50\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.80\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.47\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.16\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEm\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e(\u0026plusmn;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;ns\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCV, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrand mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 5.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e: Control, T\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e: Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. *** indicates highly significant at p\u0026lt;0.001 and ns: not significantly different at p\u0026gt;0.05, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on total soluble solids (TSS) and Titratable acidity (TA) of G-9 banana\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 \u0026nbsp; DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.93\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.64\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.87\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.50\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.83\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n 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\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.90\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.60\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.00\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;b\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.90\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.20\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.10\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.63\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.10\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;d\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.50\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.20\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.59\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.40\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003csup\u003ebcd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.90\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.10\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.00\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.80\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;9.40\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.10\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.00\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.40\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.90\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.80\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.90\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEm\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e(\u0026plusmn;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCV, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrand mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e: Control, T\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e: Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. * indicates significant at p\u0026lt;0.05, *** indicates highly significant at p\u0026lt;0.001 and ns: not significantly different at p\u0026gt;0.05, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5.\u0026nbsp;Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere storage on shelf life and vitamin C content of G-9 banana\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eShelf Life (Days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Vitamin C (mg/100 g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 DAS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.67\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.39\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.50\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; -\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.50\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.81\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.31\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.63\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.50\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.41\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.75\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.93\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.17\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.76\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.23\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.17\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.83\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.56\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.85\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.88\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.50\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.86\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.16\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.26\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.00\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.86\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.37\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.53\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.50\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.07\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.55\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.83\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEm\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e(\u0026plusmn;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD\u003csub\u003e0.05\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCV, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrand mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 21px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e: Control, T\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e: Low Density Polyethylene bags (LDPE), T\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% garlic extract, T\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% onion extract, T\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% ginger extract, T\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 20% neem extract, T\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 4% CaCl2 and T\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e: LDPE+ 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Means with same letter in column are not significantly different at p= 0.05 by DMRT. *** indicates highly significant at p\u0026lt;0.001 and ns: not significantly different at p\u0026gt;0.05, SEm= Standard error of mean, LSD= Least significant difference, CV= Coefficient of Variation, and DAS= Days after storage\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-plants","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Plants](https://link.springer.com/journal/44372)","snPcode":"44372","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44372/3","title":"Discover Plants","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Calcium chloride, MAPs, Plant extracts, Postharvest quality, Shelf-life","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9241904/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9241904/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted to assess the effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under modified atmosphere packaging on the postharvest quality and shelf life of 'Grand Naine' banana. This experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Horticulture of AFU, Rampur from August to September 2024. This experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments, each replicated thrice. The treatments involved in this experiment were Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;20% garlic extract, LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;20% onion extract, LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;20% ginger extract, LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;20% neem extract, LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e and control. From this experiment, it was found that LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e treated fruits had the lowest physiological loss in weight (8.42%), highest vitamin C content (11.83 mg/100 g), reduced softening with maximum firmness (3.47kg/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) and the longest shelf life of 26.5 days. Similarly, fruits treated with LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;4% CaCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e had the lowest color score (4.67) on 15th day of storage. Among plant extracts, LDPE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;20% neem extract was proved effective in minimizing physiological loss in weight (13.33%), reducing changes in total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) and preserving fruit firmness (3.13 kg/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that modified atmosphere packaging in combination with 1% KMnO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e can effectively delay the onset of climacteric phase, delay ethylene synthesis and increase the shelf life of banana.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effect of plant extracts and chemical treatments under MAP on post-harvest quality of banana","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-17 17:49:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9241904/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-04-22T12:36:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-21T22:01:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-18T17:59:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-18T11:23:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"336003763565102582697654322978217839334","date":"2026-04-12T21:05:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"145552558787574823202646859981708816114","date":"2026-04-12T05:34:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"24494636505698587184039448525014038788","date":"2026-04-10T03:59:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-10T01:24:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-03T00:17:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-02T23:55:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-02T18:01:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Plants","date":"2026-04-02T17:37:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-plants","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Plants](https://link.springer.com/journal/44372)","snPcode":"44372","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44372/3","title":"Discover Plants","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bb7658a5-f282-4e20-9c30-d00a8794ddba","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 17th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-08T09:38:36+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-17 17:49:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9241904","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9241904","identity":"rs-9241904","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}