Bionic Breathing-type Airway Exposure System for Inhalation Exposure Studies

Bionic Breathing-type Airway Exposure System for Inhalation Exposure Studies | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Bionic Breathing-type Airway Exposure System for Inhalation Exposure Studies Chenfeng Hua, Quanping Yan, Pingping Shang, Chengjie Ma, Ge Zhao, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7451940/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We developed an advanced bionic breathing-type airway exposure platform to address the anatomical and physiological limitations of conventional inhalation toxicology models. This system integrates four key technological innovations: a biomimetic respiratory structure with a 3D-bioprinted, anatomically realistic tracheobronchial tree that includes integrated oral/nasal conduits and compliance modules, enabling spatially resolved simulation of aerosol deposition; an intelligent multi-mode breathing control system that reproduces clinical and tobacco-related inhalation patterns at a 0.1-second resolution via triple-route switching; programmable CO₂control to simulate both normal and pathological respiratory gas exchange; and modular sub-regional exposure interfaces for compartment-specific toxicological analysis. Validation studies demonstrated that the platform accurately replicates smoking-related aerosol deposition patterns and detects dose-dependent cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory responses in air-liquid interface cultured human bronchial epithelia. By offering a physiologically realistic model for investigating inhalation toxicity mechanisms and particle dynamics, this platform effectively bridges the gap between in vitro systems and human respiratory responses. Biological sciences/Biological techniques/Biological models/Respiratory system models Health sciences/Diseases/Respiratory tract diseases Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics/Computational models Bionic breathing-type Inhalation toxicology Airway exposure 3D printed airway Dynamic gas exchange Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7451940","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":512094876,"identity":"c0a59eb5-d340-4db9-b0cb-0e31329d1e80","order_by":0,"name":"Chenfeng Hua","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZhBRwMAgwcB84MCHCqK1GIC0sCUenHGGaKvAWniMD/O2EKHYnJ3H8AODwWF5yRk5Hw7wNjDI84sdwK/FspnHWAKoxXC2RO6GA5I7GAxnzk4g4KTDPAYgLQlyIC2GZxgSDG4T1mL8A6Il58GBxDbitJiBbZGWyGE4cJA4LWxlFgwG6YYze54ZHGw4I0GEX84f3nyDocJaXuJ48uPPfyps5PmlCWhhYOAwYP4DogXAKiUIKQcB9gcQmv8AMapHwSgYBaNgJAIAiJVC8UNFWCAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC；Beijing Life Science Academy","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chenfeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Hua","suffix":""},{"id":512094877,"identity":"b8673454-bac7-42a8-b255-4c9e43444fed","order_by":1,"name":"Quanping Yan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Quanping","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""},{"id":512094878,"identity":"44f8ee11-a18d-4fc5-ae13-f89eeb982bf8","order_by":2,"name":"Pingping Shang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pingping","middleName":"","lastName":"Shang","suffix":""},{"id":512094879,"identity":"1d3ee746-c35a-43ab-80ce-c576f7508980","order_by":3,"name":"Chengjie Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chengjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":512094880,"identity":"c0934770-f1d2-48ae-a3f5-2aae9eeeddee","order_by":4,"name":"Ge Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ge","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":512094881,"identity":"2fff9788-bd0c-4547-9c08-08fa043f2bfb","order_by":5,"name":"Xiang Li","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0724-0982","institution":"Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":512094882,"identity":"ad04a870-b491-4a10-9717-d0d94990eb44","order_by":6,"name":"Liu Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liu","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":512094883,"identity":"75e14652-07a2-4995-859e-16d07dbbddb3","order_by":7,"name":"Cong Nie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cong","middleName":"","lastName":"Nie","suffix":""},{"id":512094884,"identity":"748d9650-dc48-4d84-b2b4-e87f396f3af0","order_by":8,"name":"Fuwei Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fuwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-25 09:20:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7451940/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7451940/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92165866,"identity":"5616bbaf-4212-4c7a-ae2f-12c729973dcb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-25 11:00:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1118860,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7451940/v1/f04683e5134549b855f5af7c.pdf"},{"id":92165865,"identity":"ee917537-fb9b-4f27-935b-8a55dc51e6b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-25 11:00:01","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9896,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"NCOMMS2560195.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7451940/v1/e3edc4ca56e66a46f77de587.json"},{"id":92166338,"identity":"8dc2146c-756f-4776-8dc9-8bd474a4ec13","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-25 11:08:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1151832,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Article File","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7451940/v1_covered_f006d852-3722-42f0-9693-5f2c94547d98.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Bionic Breathing-type Airway Exposure System for Inhalation Exposure Studies","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Bionic breathing-type, Inhalation toxicology, Airway exposure, 3D printed airway, Dynamic gas exchange","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7451940/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7451940/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"We developed an advanced bionic breathing-type airway exposure platform to address the anatomical and physiological limitations of conventional inhalation toxicology models. This system integrates four key technological innovations: a biomimetic respiratory structure with a 3D-bioprinted, anatomically realistic tracheobronchial tree that includes integrated oral/nasal conduits and compliance modules, enabling spatially resolved simulation of aerosol deposition; an intelligent multi-mode breathing control system that reproduces clinical and tobacco-related inhalation patterns at a 0.1-second resolution via triple-route switching; programmable CO₂control to simulate both normal and pathological respiratory gas exchange; and modular sub-regional exposure interfaces for compartment-specific toxicological analysis. Validation studies demonstrated that the platform accurately replicates smoking-related aerosol deposition patterns and detects dose-dependent cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory responses in air-liquid interface cultured human bronchial epithelia. By offering a physiologically realistic model for investigating inhalation toxicity mechanisms and particle dynamics, this platform effectively bridges the gap between in vitro systems and human respiratory responses.","manuscriptTitle":"Bionic Breathing-type Airway Exposure System for Inhalation Exposure Studies","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-25 10:59:56","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7451940/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"communications-engineering","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"commseng","sideBox":"Learn more about [Communications Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/44172)","snPcode":"44172","submissionUrl":"https://mts-commseng.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex","title":"Communications Engineering","twitterHandle":"@commseng","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"761ccd38-8c88-480a-b8db-caec24058219","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 25th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":54391733,"name":"Biological sciences/Biological techniques/Biological models/Respiratory system models"},{"id":54391734,"name":"Health sciences/Diseases/Respiratory tract diseases"},{"id":54391735,"name":"Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics/Computational models"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-09-25T10:59:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-25 10:59:56","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7451940","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7451940","identity":"rs-7451940","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}