Design and Cold Test Study of W-band Suspended Multi-Channel Array Integrated Microstrip Meander Line Traveling-wave tubes

Design and Cold Test Study of W-band Suspended Multi-Channel Array Integrated Microstrip Meander Line Traveling-wave tubes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Design and Cold Test Study of W-band Suspended Multi-Channel Array Integrated Microstrip Meander Line Traveling-wave tubes Xing Liu, Zhanliang Wang, Jibo Dong, Yuan Zheng, Zhigang Lu, Ping Zhang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8507391/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves → Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper introduces a wide-cathode suspended multi-channel array microstrip meander line slow-wave structure (WC-SMCA-MML SWS) for high power traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). Evolved from a conventional single-channel S-MML SWS design, the structure integrates four unit cells via an on-chip four-channel power divider within a shared cavity, establishing fully coupled slow-wave channels. Excitation is provided by a single, large-aspect-ratio cathode, which harnesses the longitudinal electric field generated through inter-channel coupling to enhance beam-wave interaction. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations compare the saturated performance of three configurations: the proposed single-beam WC-SMCA-MML TWT, a four-independent-beam SMCA-MML TWT, and a conventional single-channel S-MML TWT. Under a beam voltage of 7.8 kV, a current density of 200 A/cm², and an interaction length of 9.0 mm, the four-beam configuration yields a saturation output power at 96 GHz that is 3.47 times greater than the conventional TWT, with an 11.8% gain improvement. The single-beam WC-SMCA-MML TWT further surpasses the four-beam version, achieving 30.18% higher saturation power and a 12.7% gain increase while maintaining a 3-dB bandwidth of 91–99 GHz. At 95 GHz with a 2 W input, it delivers 55.42 W output power and 14.42 dB gain, improvements of 25.07% in power and 7.21% in gain over the four-beam design. A prototype fabricated via photolithography exhibits a reflection coefficient S11 < -14.5 dB and transmission coefficient S21 between − 4.5 dB and − 6.2 dB across 90–100 GHz, closely matching simulations and validating the design for efficient, integrated high-power TWT applications. Traveling wave tube (TWT) suspended Multi-Channel array Integrated microstrip meander line sheet beam Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 24 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 07 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 07 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 03 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8507391","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":570738017,"identity":"552c994a-5146-4d93-8b93-e353f062fb20","order_by":0,"name":"Xing 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Evolved from a conventional single-channel S-MML SWS design, the structure integrates four unit cells via an on-chip four-channel power divider within a shared cavity, establishing fully coupled slow-wave channels. Excitation is provided by a single, large-aspect-ratio cathode, which harnesses the longitudinal electric field generated through inter-channel coupling to enhance beam-wave interaction. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations compare the saturated performance of three configurations: the proposed single-beam WC-SMCA-MML TWT, a four-independent-beam SMCA-MML TWT, and a conventional single-channel S-MML TWT. Under a beam voltage of 7.8 kV, a current density of 200 A/cm\u0026sup2;, and an interaction length of 9.0 mm, the four-beam configuration yields a saturation output power at 96 GHz that is 3.47 times greater than the conventional TWT, with an 11.8% gain improvement. The single-beam WC-SMCA-MML TWT further surpasses the four-beam version, achieving 30.18% higher saturation power and a 12.7% gain increase while maintaining a 3-dB bandwidth of 91\u0026ndash;99 GHz. At 95 GHz with a 2 W input, it delivers 55.42 W output power and 14.42 dB gain, improvements of 25.07% in power and 7.21% in gain over the four-beam design. A prototype fabricated via photolithography exhibits a reflection coefficient S11 \u0026lt; -14.5 dB and transmission coefficient S21 between \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4.5 dB and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;6.2 dB across 90\u0026ndash;100 GHz, closely matching simulations and validating the design for efficient, integrated high-power TWT applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Design and Cold Test Study of W-band Suspended Multi-Channel Array Integrated Microstrip Meander Line Traveling-wave tubes","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-09 03:27:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8507391/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-27T09:02:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-24T22:42:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"5475944843197937633568381783623359256","date":"2026-01-19T09:32:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-07T09:54:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-07T09:33:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-07T01:20:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves","date":"2026-01-03T14:00:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-infrared-millimeter-and-terahertz-waves","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ijim","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves](http://link.springer.com/journal/10762)","snPcode":"10762","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10762/3","title":"Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a0f8d23f-5dc4-434a-8ac4-d5bb49c813df","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 9th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-16T16:09:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8507391","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-026-01121-8","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-infrared-millimeter-and-terahertz-waves","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-14 15:58:28","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 14th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-09 03:27:13","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10762-026-01121-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-026-01121-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8507391","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8507391","identity":"rs-8507391","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}