Enhancing Great Plains Nocturnal Precipitation and Low-Level Jets in AM4 with an Extended CLUBB Closure

Enhancing Great Plains Nocturnal Precipitation and Low-Level Jets in AM4 with an Extended CLUBB Closure | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 14 August 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Enhancing Great Plains Nocturnal Precipitation and Low-Level Jets in AM4 with an Extended CLUBB Closure Authors : Emanuele Silvio Gentile 0000-0002-6878-5145 [email protected] , Vincent E Larson 0000-0002-0586-8525 , Ming Zhao 0000-0003-4996-7821 , Colin M. Zarzycki 0000-0001-5731-042X , Gunilla Svensson , and Leo J. Donner 0000-0002-1487-7300 Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175519398.83690415/v1 Published Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Version of record Peer review timeline 255 views 134 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract In this study, we extend the Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) turbulence scheme within the GFDL atmospheric model (AM4) by implementing direct momentum-flux prognosis and a multiscale turbulent length scale, to improve the simulation of nocturnal precipitation and associated Low-Level Jets (LLJs) over the Great Plains (GP). Towards this aim, we set up four AM4-CLUBB configurations: diagnosed momentum flux, prognosed momentum flux, diagnosed momentum flux with a multiscale turbulent lengtshcale, and prognosed momentum flux with a multiscale turbulent lengtshcale. Simulations are evaluated against the AM4 control, the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), and the Doppler wind radar profiles from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. Results show that all AM4-CLUBB configurations improve the precipitation timing from the unrealistic midday peak seen in the AM4 control simulation toward the satellite-observed nocturnal maximum. The configuration that prognoses momentum flux and uses a multi-scale turbulent length scale, best matches the timing and intensity of GP precipitation rate. This configuration is also that which more accurately simulates the ARM-observed nocturnal LLJ wind profiles, while increasing the frequency of counter-gradient momentum fluxes near the LLJ core compared to prognosing momentum fluxes with the original AM4-CLUBB turbulent lengthscale. Momentum budget analysis attributes this increase to a nearly fivefold enhancement in the buoyancy production term when using the multiscale formulation, and leads to stronger nocturnal convective activity, as diagnosed from the greater vertical velocity skewness and plume asymmetry. Supplementary Material File (1044637_0_merged_1754851941.pdf) Download 7.20 MB File (james_paper_clubb_prognostic_final.pdf) Download 7.20 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 14 August 2025 Peer review timeline Published Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Version of Record 18 May 2026 Published Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords clubb turbulence scheme great plains precipitation low-level jet multiscale turbulent lengthscale nocturnal convection prognostic momentum flux Authors Affiliations Emanuele Silvio Gentile 0000-0002-6878-5145 [email protected] Princeton University View all articles by this author Vincent E Larson 0000-0002-0586-8525 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee View all articles by this author Ming Zhao 0000-0003-4996-7821 NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory View all articles by this author Colin M. Zarzycki 0000-0001-5731-042X Pennsylvania State University View all articles by this author Gunilla Svensson Stockholms universitet Meteorologiska institutionen View all articles by this author Leo J. Donner 0000-0002-1487-7300 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) View all articles by this author Funding Information U.S. Department of Commerce NA19OAR4310363 Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 255 views 134 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Emanuele Silvio Gentile, Vincent E Larson, Ming Zhao, et al. Enhancing Great Plains Nocturnal Precipitation and Low-Level Jets in AM4 with an Extended CLUBB Closure. Authorea . 14 August 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175519398.83690415/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); Cited by Emanuele Silvio Gentile, Kieran M. R. Hunt, Lorenzo Tomassini, Ben Harvey, Oscar Martinez‐Alvarado, Global Diurnal Precipitation Cycle in the AI Model GraphCast and a 5‐km Unified Model: Challenges and Opportunities, Geophysical Research Letters, 53 , 9, (2026). https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL120961 Crossref Loading... View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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