Experimental investigation of the influence of a jet injection on the gas flow field inside a regular model packed bed

Experimental investigation of the influence of a jet injection on the gas flow field inside a regular model packed bed | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Experimental investigation of the influence of a jet injection on the gas flow field inside a regular model packed bed Christin Velten, Katharina Zähringer This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288609/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Industrial processes involving packed beds with gaseous flow are often associated with high energy and resource consumption. A detailed understanding of the flow behaviour within such systems is essential for optimizing performance. In this study, a regular, optically accessible polyhedral model packed bed with an additional side jet injection is employed to investigate two-dimensional airflow fields using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Experiments are conducted for particle Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 1000 through the vertical flow inlet, examining the flow within the packing and in the freeboard region above it. In the absence of a side jet, the flow patterns largely follow the geometry of the packing and repeat at similar positions along the bed height. A side jet with volumetric flow rates varied between 2 and 18 L/min, corresponding to jet Reynolds numbers from 1403 to 12624, is then applied to perturb the flow. It introduces significant horizontal velocities and leads to strong flow asymmetries and turbulence. The high-resolution PIV data enables a detailed analysis of the mean velocity fields and turbulence characteristics, quantified through the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Turbulent structures emerge with increasing particle Reynolds numbers and, once formed, remain visible while only their intensity increases further. These findings offer quantitative insights to the interaction between structured packing geometries and turbulent gas flows. A comprehensive data framework for validation of numerical simulations and development of new experimental methods is provided with these results. Packed bed model reactor Polyhedral particles Radial jet injection Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Turbulent kinetic energy Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files 3DVisualizationReP100ReJet2805.avi Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9288609","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":619173659,"identity":"a0bf2ce2-ebc8-473d-863b-e8d377f0d4be","order_by":0,"name":"Christin Velten","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAklEQVRIie3RMWsCMRTA8SeB3hK49U31K6R0cZB+lhxCbtEuhcOhlJvOxeKq9Ev0I7wQ0CXoJg4O3tL5ul2XtulJpUvUbqXkP4QQ+JE8AhAK/cUQgJoVoOU2cLk/vjhFZEOAnLk+iwBIOJAkP0Xip8dSv9WdW8AemWq4TSeYrhGyrv+S7UIYLvEOUEki+zKYTfsZwlJ5iUAFxs2S5NwK0oUZPFursFWYo0TXDVlVpN9NKvbk4ygh/kWiMZDOjRSL0dwR8s+ycQ/jCpMiKgTZubmajcasI5c9L4mnir3W3Ydkwli5G96bdsyiclNlN15y6MdHcPH9UWcX7X4JQqFQ6J/3CTO1WpA9VGjGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Christin","middleName":"","lastName":"Velten","suffix":""},{"id":619173662,"identity":"54a93791-7201-4388-aeb9-a4e3a20561c6","order_by":1,"name":"Katharina Zähringer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Katharina","middleName":"","lastName":"Zähringer","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-01 08:08:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288609/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288609/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106437915,"identity":"66d0b8ec-5eaf-49a2-847b-15b4a07ff57e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 14:12:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3251475,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PaperPackedBedJetsubmitted.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9288609/v1_covered_0d223a13-72ae-466d-975b-198a4fc568e0.pdf"},{"id":106437793,"identity":"a47e204b-4e32-4d99-80ef-86854ef4ed47","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 14:12:09","extension":"avi","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":156364690,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"3DVisualizationReP100ReJet2805.avi","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9288609/v1/cc54cf345ad5fb408c2680d9.avi"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Experimental investigation of the influence of a jet injection on the gas flow field inside a regular model packed bed","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Packed bed model reactor, Polyhedral particles, Radial jet injection, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Turbulent kinetic energy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288609/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9288609/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Industrial processes involving packed beds with gaseous flow are often associated with high energy and resource consumption. 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