Multiscale Investigation of EMI Shielding Performance in Carbon Black-Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Multiscale Investigation of EMI Shielding Performance in Carbon Black-Reinforced Epoxy Composites | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Multiscale Investigation of EMI Shielding Performance in Carbon Black-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Munishamaiah Krishna This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657487/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering → Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents an integrated experimental and analytical investigation of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of carbon black (CB)-reinforced epoxy composites. Composites were fabricated using a simple hand lay-up technique with CB filler contents ranging from 4 wt.% to 40 wt.%. Shielding effectiveness was evaluated in the X-band frequency range (8–12 GHz) using a calibrated Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), relevant to radar, satellite, and wireless communication applications. An analytical model based on classical electromagnetic wave theory was developed to predict total shielding by incorporating reflection, absorption, and multiple internal reflections. The model showed strong agreement with experimental results, confirming its validity for preliminary design assessments. Increasing CB content significantly enhanced shielding performance, reaching a maximum of 47.48 dB at 25 wt.%, comparable to lightweight metallic shields. Minor deviations between model and experiment underscored the importance of uniform filler dispersion. Overall, the findings demonstrate that CB/epoxy composites offer a lightweight, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to traditional metallic EMI shields, with both practical performance and predictive design capabilities. EMI Shielding Carbon Black FRP Analytical Modelling FEM Simulation Vector Network Analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 28 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 23 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7657487","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":524253563,"identity":"42eb55d7-5068-4094-8fbe-fe2f6c43e98a","order_by":0,"name":"Munishamaiah 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Composites","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":false,"email":"","identity":"journal-of-materials-science-materials-in-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"VoR Journals","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"EMI Shielding, Carbon Black, FRP, Analytical Modelling, FEM Simulation, Vector Network Analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657487/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657487/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study presents an integrated experimental and analytical investigation of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of carbon black (CB)-reinforced epoxy composites. Composites were fabricated using a simple hand lay-up technique with CB filler contents ranging from 4 wt.% to 40 wt.%. Shielding effectiveness was evaluated in the X-band frequency range (8\u0026ndash;12 GHz) using a calibrated Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), relevant to radar, satellite, and wireless communication applications. An analytical model based on classical electromagnetic wave theory was developed to predict total shielding by incorporating reflection, absorption, and multiple internal reflections. The model showed strong agreement with experimental results, confirming its validity for preliminary design assessments. Increasing CB content significantly enhanced shielding performance, reaching a maximum of 47.48 dB at 25 wt.%, comparable to lightweight metallic shields. Minor deviations between model and experiment underscored the importance of uniform filler dispersion. Overall, the findings demonstrate that CB/epoxy composites offer a lightweight, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to traditional metallic EMI shields, with both practical performance and predictive design capabilities.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Multiscale Investigation of EMI Shielding Performance in Carbon Black-Reinforced Epoxy Composites","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-09 17:18:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7657487/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-03T00:24:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-01T12:10:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"221549092456210656558891375292206492155","date":"2025-11-26T10:58:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"55434879319641016424511471623991137049","date":"2025-11-24T11:23:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"73987652417087761595840479357985617500","date":"2025-11-24T10:45:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"115249328710766073342442275595932870478","date":"2025-10-03T12:04:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"217608517952715290601125222306382710254","date":"2025-09-29T03:58:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-28T16:04:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"332485039558102497501391430992782653690","date":"2025-09-28T13:31:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-28T10:45:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-23T13:31:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-23T13:31:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering","date":"2025-09-19T10:15:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":false,"email":"","identity":"journal-of-materials-science-materials-in-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"VoR Journals","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"fc90ea6e-3075-4b99-844c-a11f5e148d30","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-19T17:25:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7657487","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00388-4","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-materials-science-materials-in-engineering","isVorOnly":true,"title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-13 16:29:46","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 13th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-09 17:18:43","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s40712-025-00388-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00388-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7657487","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7657487","identity":"rs-7657487","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}