Utilization of Agricultural Waste Biomass And Recycling Towards Circular Bioeconomy

Abstract The over dependency on conventional fossil energy resources is the consequence of high energy demand and excessive consumption of petroleum fuel, which turns out to be a major concern of 21st century. The burning of fossil fuel is an origin of greenhouse gas emission resulting in the utmost threat to environment subsequently which leads to global climate changes. As far as sustainability is concerned, fuels derived from organic or plant wastes overcome this downside and also are an established solution of the traditional oil resources depletion. In this context, exploration of agricultural residue appears to be a suitable alternate of non-renewable resources to support the environmental feasibility and meet the high energy crisis. Use of agricultural waste rather lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for biorefinery approach emerges to be an eco-friendly process for the production of biofuel and value-added chemicals intensifying the energy security. Therefore, a prospective choice of this renewable biomass for the synthesis of green fuel such as biobutanol, bioethanol keeps away food versus fuel dilemma and also comes up with favorable outcome in terms of cost effectiveness. Exploiting different agricultural biomass and exploring various biomass conversion techniques, biorefinery generates bioenergy in a strategic way which eventually fit in circular bioeconomy. The view of bioeconomy highlights the fruitful use of agricultural waste biomass in biorefinery acquiring such a system so that the by-products can be further utilized with low or no waste generation to maintain the sustainability and circularity of economy which are critically described.