Green Miles in Dyeing Technology Metal-Rich Pumpkin Extracts in Aid of Natural Dyes

Abstract To reduce environmental pollution, it is essential to use green processes in dyeing and meet its requirements. One of the common methods to get better results in dyeing is to use mordant. To get a green dyeing, using natural mordant (bio-mordant) is very effective, but the search for an alternative having a higher stability and absorption interval, along with an absolute affinity towards natural fibers of various kinds was central to the focus of studies in the meanwhile. Pumpkin extract as a natural source metal-rich can be used as a bio-mordant in green dyeing of natural fibers such as wool fibers. Two natural dyes native to Iran; Reseda luteolaare and Madder were employed in this study. The effectiveness of bio-mordant presence on fibers was evaluated by FTIR-ATR test from mordanted and mordanted-dyed wool samples. Fastness performance of wool dyes with pumpkin alternated from good to excellent depending on natural dye type and concentration, due to the formation of complex structures that compensated for the lack of affinity-characteristic of tannin-based first-generation biomordants, at best with good fastness.