Homogeneous Boiling over Melting Ice

Homogeneous Boiling over Melting Ice | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Homogeneous Boiling over Melting Ice Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh, Ty Hagan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4543763/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Jan, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We report on discovering the homogeneous boiling of water film above the interface of liquid water and solid ice. This phenomenon was induced via longwave infrared radiation generated by a continuous wave CO$_2$ laser. This experimental investigation employed a high-speed camera and the Schlieren visualization technique. The study discovered that the minimum power intensity required for homogeneous boiling to occur within a liquid film residual resting in equilibrium over a melting ice block is substantially lower than values reported in the literature for a liquid water medium without ice. The article explains how ice as the irradiation medium promotes thermocavitation bubble generation. This observation is counterintuitive, as one might intuitively believe ice presence would result in enhanced cooling, demanding a higher power to initiate boiling. We offer three reasons for this observation: 1) the suppression of convective dissipation of the heat via the ice below the melted water, 2) instabilities caused by substantial temperature gradients between the irradiated meltwater and ice surface, and 3) instabilities caused by pressure gradients due to uneven melting of the ice surface. Experiments were also performed where irradiated borated ice exhibited simultaneous homogeneous and heterogeneous boiling, demonstrating an even lower power intensity to initiate thermocavitation. Physical sciences/Engineering/Mechanical engineering Physical sciences/Engineering/Chemical engineering Homogeneous Boiling Thermocavitation Heterogeneous Boiling Phase Change Ice CO2 Laser Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Jan, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 12 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 02 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Aug, 2024 Reviews received at journal 09 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Aug, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 12 Jun, 2024 Editor invited by journal 12 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 07 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4543763","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":315615086,"identity":"b7658fe8-fdc2-4e6d-94f6-d7b13ca8dd53","order_by":0,"name":"Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA50lEQVRIie3OrwvCQBTA8SfCLCdXb8W/4clgSfRf2WOgZYhgtCydRdhfoP4FgjbjQNByYB1YXNEyRJth4M9g22YTvG95HLwP9wB0ul8t9sEBYKU9QO3xdAoQepMyAljfEUMUIrjZxHtaNro8mK0HLEXgFQ+zifIsJNXui+jU3lUlgjlKsonpe4YguSI/Uvau6qeAUc4vZnA8XkneaPog/edhrTzChWMDyZDm25FdZgYCilySWIKUS4uIWeZYIhPq0MskBu/E58uySZOtqp+TFGt86M4zySfhvAYruP46MfxiWafT6f6qO38/S58sax5GAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"University of South Florida","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ahmad","middleName":"","lastName":"Vasel-Be-Hagh","suffix":""},{"id":315615087,"identity":"a14cce59-38b4-492c-a721-0a1dbb8441ec","order_by":1,"name":"Ty Hagan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tennessee Technological University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ty","middleName":"","lastName":"Hagan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-07 05:56:01","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4543763/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4543763/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84470-5","type":"published","date":"2025-01-02T15:57:31+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":73093328,"identity":"283b4361-89e0-4908-a9f2-8c5d96450895","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-06 16:13:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4213792,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"HomogeneousBoilingoverWaterIceInterfaceHaganandVaselBeHag.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4543763/v1_covered_c7826320-f63b-47fa-a932-ab0c49b0e576.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Homogeneous Boiling over Melting Ice","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Homogeneous Boiling, Thermocavitation, Heterogeneous Boiling, Phase Change, Ice, CO2 Laser","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4543763/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4543763/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"We report on discovering the homogeneous boiling of water film above the interface of liquid water and solid ice. 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