Inversion of asymmetric histone deposition upon replication stress

Following DNA replication, equal amounts of histones are distributed over sister chromatids by re-deposition of parental histones and deposition of newly synthesized histones. Molecular mechanisms balancing the allocation of new and old histones remain largely unknown. Here, we studied the genome-wide distribution of new histones relative to parental DNA template strands and replication initiation zones using double-click-seq. In control conditions, new histones were preferentially found on DNA replicated by the lagging strand machinery. Strikingly, replication stress induced by hydroxyurea or curaxin treatment, and inhibition of ATR or p53 inactivation, inverted the observed histone deposition bias to the strand replicated by the leading strand polymerase in line with previously reported effects on RPA occupancy. We propose that asymmetric deposition of newly synthesized histones onto sister chromatids reflects differences in the processivity of leading and lagging strand synthesis.