Cortical control of a forelimb prosthesis in mice

Abstract Robotic upper-limb prostheses aim to restore the autonomy of paralyzed patients and amputees. So far, advances in this field have relied on monkey pre-clinical and human clinical research. Here, we report on the direct brain control by mice of a miniature mouse forelimb prosthesis. We show that mice implanted with a cortical, microelectrode-based brain-machine interface can learn to control the prosthesis via neuronal operant conditioning, and solve a water collection task in a 2-dimensional and up to a 3-dimensional space. As they learned this task, the mice shaped increasingly consistent prosthesis movements that led to rewards, thanks to coordinated patterns of neuronal activity across the several control dimensions. Beyond the demonstration of unexpected cognitive and motor control abilities in mice, we anticipate that this preclinical model of upper-limb prosthesis control will be a tool to address several of the most pressing issues in prosthetics controlled by brain-machine interfaces. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Footnotes – update the discussion – add one supplementary figure panel – correct the author list – correct the acknowledgments