Pulmonary aspergillosis presenting as pneumothorax in children with leukemia

Aspergillosis causes invasive pulmonary disease in patients with hematological malignancies. Children with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) usually have non-specific radiographic findings unlike cavitary lesions commonly seen in adults. Pneumothorax due to rupture of peripheral fungal lesion may be a severe complication in patients with neutropenia. Here, we describe three children during induction chemotherapy for B-lymphoblastic leukemia with pneumothorax as a presenting feature of pulmonary aspergillosis.