Reply: Evidence that APP gene copy number changes reflect recombinant vector contamination

In the accompanying comment 1 , Kim et al . concluded that somatic gene recombination ( SGR ) and amyloid precursor protein ( APP ) genomic complementary DNAs ( gencDNAs ) in brain are contamination artifacts and do not naturally exist. We disagree. Here we address the three types of analyses used by Kim et al . to reach their conclusions: informatic contaminant identification, plasmid PCR, and single-cell sequencing. Additionally, Kim et al . requested “reads supporting novel APP insertion breakpoints,” and we now provide 10 different examples that support APP gencDNA insertion within eight chromosomes beyond wildtype APP on chromosome 21 from Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ) samples. If SGR exists as experimentally supported here and previously 2,3 , contamination scenarios become moot. Our informatic analyses of data generated by an independent laboratory (Park et al.) 4 , complement and are entirely consistent with what Lee et al . 2 presented via nine distinct lines of evidence, in addition to three from a prior publication 3 . Plasmid contamination was identified in a single pull-down dataset after publication of Lee et al . 2 ; however subsequent analyses did not alter any of our conclusions including those of our prior publications 3,5 and plasmid contamination-free replication of this approach by ourselves and others supported the original conclusions. Novel retro-insertion sites, alterations of APP gencDNA number and form with cell type from the same brain and pathogenic SNVs occurring only in AD, all support the existence of APP gencDNAs produced by SGR.