A review of process data studies in educational assessment

This study reviewed articles on process data (logfiles) in educational assessment, especially computer-based testing, from the following perspectives: (1) the definitions of and differences between process data and logfiles, and the types of process data used in practice; (2) the main objectives of process data studies; (3) statistical analysis and modeling for process data; and (4) the validity of process data based on an evidence-centered design. Finally, we proposed avenues for future research on process data from an academic perspective and from the standpoint of ethical issues. The study found that, despite the many issues currently faced while conducting research using process data, research findings should be accumulated to support the ongoing development of computer-based testing.