Mixed Reality Training for Medical First Responders: System Evaluation and Recommendations

Mixed Reality Training for Medical First Responders: System Evaluation and Recommendations | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Mixed Reality Training for Medical First Responders: System Evaluation and Recommendations Olivia Zechner, Jakob Uhl, Anke Baetzner, Tanja Birrenbach, Sebastian Egger-Lampl, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4383276/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Virtual Reality → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose: This study assesses the integration of Mixed Reality (MR) technologies in medical first responder (MFR) training, focusing on identifying key factors influencing behavioral intention to use MR systems and practical implications for technology acceptance and enhanced realism through haptic feedback. Methods: Through a User-Centered Design approach, involving co-creation workshops, iterative development, and evaluations in pilot and field trials across six countries, this study evaluated technology acceptance, presence, user experience, and workload among MFRs. Both quantitative measures and qualitative feedback were collected to analyze the determinants of technology acceptance and user engagement. Results: The MED1stMR Training System, developed as a result, demonstrates that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social presence are significant predictors of behavioral intention to use MR training systems among MFRs. High technology acceptance and positive user experience were reported, with specific emphasis on the educational value of haptic feedback in skill training. Trainer feedback highlighted the importance of real-time performance metrics and openness to AI-driven training assistance for enhancing training outcomes. Conclusion: The study underscores the critical role of realistic patient interaction and the importance of aligning training challenges with users' skills to create engaging MR training environments for MFRs. Identifying factors influencing behavioral intention offers valuable insights for the development of MR training systems, suggesting a focus on social presence and interactive capabilities to improve realism and educational value. The findings advocate for the integration of adaptive training features and further exploration of AI support in scenario optimization and performance enhancement. mixed reality training medical first responders immersive technologies Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Virtual Reality → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4383276","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":301537190,"identity":"970868b3-5fed-4788-8a4c-e44604d62c2d","order_by":0,"name":"Olivia 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technologies","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4383276/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4383276/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose:\u003c/strong\u003e This study assesses the integration of Mixed Reality (MR) technologies in medical first responder (MFR) training, focusing on identifying key factors influencing behavioral intention to use MR systems and practical implications for technology acceptance and enhanced realism through haptic feedback.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eThrough a User-Centered Design approach, involving co-creation workshops, iterative development, and evaluations in pilot and field trials across six countries, this study evaluated technology acceptance, presence, user experience, and workload among MFRs. 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