Knowledge, attitude and practices of people living in Awka Metropolis, on malaria treatment, prevention and control

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Methods: The study is a cross-sectional mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis. Regarding existing literature on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) on malaria treatment, prevention and control within the study area, a structured questionnaire suiting for the study was drafted with reliability analysis done following the review of the study instrument by three field experts. Results: The study involved a total of 350 respondents who filled out the questionnaires independently. Sixty percent (60.3%) had good knowledge of malaria prevention methods. Using a Likert scale mean of 3.97, the sample population was shown to have a positive attitude towards the prevention of malaria, also a mean of 3.7 indicated that the population showed a positive attitude to treatment. Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) were poorly used while other methods of prevention were preferred. Above 90% of the participants agreed that malaria is preventable and cited several preventive methods. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study respondents had good knowledge of malaria infection, treatment and control, although the majority knowing this, do not follow the accurate prevention practices. The study exposed the need to train and retrain the communities on the benefits of adequate prevention and treatment practices as a tool for effective malaria control and eradication. Malaria Knowledge Attitude Practice Prevention and Control Treatment. Background Despite interventions towards the control and elimination of malaria infection, malaria remains a major concern, especially in developing nations such as Africa. It currently is one of the leading public health concerns in Sub-Saharan Africa 1 . The disease malaria is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by the female anopheles mosquito in the cause of a blood meal. Currently, five species of Plasmodium; P. knowlesi, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. Ovale , and P. vivax are known to cause an infection in humans 2 , with fever being the most common symptoms after about one to three weeks of an infection. In 2022, the World Health Organization report on malaria, put Africa at the lead of malaria infection, with Nigeria accounting for nearly 27% of the global malaria burden, and a 31% mortality rate 1 . Of the 91 countries with reported cases of malaria transmission, 80% are within Sub-Saharan Africa and India, with 14 countries located in the former. Increased incidence of malaria infection in Nigeria and some parts of Africa, has been linked to factors such as increased cases of drug misuse and abuse, climate changes, and effects that encourage the growth, survival, and reproducibility of the mosquito vectors 3 , 4 . Effective control and elimination of malaria infection are centered on early detection, proper treatment, and accurate vector control as the major tools. Hence a need to study the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of people living within the Awka metropolis about malaria treatment, prevention, and control. With reports of Artemisinin antimalarial efficacy decline in various parts of the world 18,19,20,21 , there is a need to also understand the roles individuals play in contributing to these reported failures. Method Study design, site and population The study was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Data was collected between January and June 2021 from individuals willing to participate in the survey. The study was conducted in Awka metropolis, the capital city of Anambra State, Nigeria. The study population comprised adults, at least 18 years of age, living within the study site who gave oral or written informed consent to participate in the survey. The sample size was determined using the single population proportion formula by taking the proportion in population based on past literature studies at 35%, with a confidence interval of 5%, using the formula by Nang et al., (2006). Data collection instrument A structured questionnaire prepared from existing KAP literature targeted at malaria prevention and control was used for the study. The questionnaire was reviewed by three researchers knowledgeable in the field. In addition, a reliability analysis was done to ascertain how reliable the instrument is for measuring the main idea of this study it was designed for. This was done using the Cronbach alpha (CA) value which should not exceed 0.50. However, it did not affect the knowledge assessment since that will be based on grading, but it was applied to the attitude and practice of the study population regarding malaria treatment. Data collection Data for the study was collected via a face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire prepared in English and translated into the local language (Igbo) for participants who are not fluent in English. Data management and analysis The analysis was done on different variables using frequency and percentages and the results were presented in tables, graphics and figures. The data collected were analyzed using the Computer-Aided Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). RESULT We determined the knowledge by assessing the responses of the respondents using variables concerned with transmission, mortality, breeding sites and symptoms of the disease. Ethical considerations and consent approval Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Awka. Information and purpose of the study were clearly described to all prospective participants and those who consented to be part of the study indicated by giving oral or written consent. All information obtained during the study from the participants was handled confidentially and data were restricted for this study only. Reliability analysis A reliability analysis helps to check how reliable a study instrument is in measuring an idea that it was designed for. This was done using the Cronbach Alpha (CA) value which should not exceed 0.50 at least. This, however, did not apply to our knowledge assessment since it was based on a grading system. Tables 1A and 1B, show the reliability analysis result for participants' attitudes to prevention and treatment. Table 1A: Reliability test for attitude on prevention Item Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted You are bothered by the presence of mosquitoes 11.87 .981 .592 .626 Do you think malaria is preventable 12.00 1.143 .776 .613 I think malaria is a serious and life-threatening disease 11.93 1.210 .394 .732 I believe in sleeping under a mosquito net to prevent mosquito bites 12.40 .686 .559 .708 Table 1B: Reliability analysis on attitude on treatment Item Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Blood smear necessary for malaria diagnosis 11.13 2.124 .442 .323 I believe in visiting health centers when I feel sick 11.33 1.667 .546 .180 I think it’s risky when malaria medicine is not taken properly and completely 10.53 2.552 .414 .369 Your most deciding factor(s) when deciding to treat malaria are: perceived cost and time 10.60 4.400 -.317 .672 For reliability analysis on attitude on prevention, the removal of any item had little to no effect on the CA value, hence all items were retained. In the case of attitude on treatment, the removal of the first three questions as shown in Table 1B, showed a slight adjustment in the CA value, if we further removed the highlighted item (in yellow), the CA improved even better, thus the items were removed, giving a CA value for attitude on treatment of 0.672. The same analysis was carried out for treatment and prevention practices, to see if we can improve the CA values. Following adjustments, the CA for both was at 0.583 and 0.751 respectively. Item coding was reviewed following the negative CA value due to a negative average covariance among items. Demographic characteristics of study participants The study analyzed 350 well-filled participant questionnaires, with the demographic data of respondents shown in Table 2. The demographic data showed a male-to-female ratio of 147:203. Most (42.6%) of the respondents fell into the age bracket of 21-30 years, while 26.3%, 15.71%, and 12% were between ages 31-40 years, 41-50 years, and < 20 years respectively. With regards to educational qualification, 178(50.9%), 128(36.6%), and 33(9.2%) of respondents had up to tertiary, secondary and primary school education respectively, while 8(2.3%) and 3(0.9%) respectively had higher degree certificates or no certificate at all. Showing on Table 3 shows the frequently used antimalarial medicines by respondents. The result in Table 4 also brought to light a possible poor face-to-face education of the population by health workers in educating the public on the treatment, prevention and control of malaria infection. The majority of respondents (23.9% and 24.3%), got information on malaria infection via television (talk shows and medical adverts) and through friends and neighbours respectively. Table 2: Demographic analysis of study participants MALE (%) FEMALE (%) AGE <20 years 8 (5.4) 34 (16.7) 21-30 years 50 (34.0) 99 (48.8) 31-40 years 51 (34.7) 41 (20.2) 41-50 years 31 (21.1) 24 (11.8) 51-60 years 7 (4.8) 5 (2.5) ETHNICITY Igbo 139 (94.6) 182 (89.7) Hausa 0 (0) 2 (1.0) Yoruba 1 (0.7) 7 (3.4) Others 7 (4.8) 12 (5.9) RELIGION Christianity 136 (92.5) 201 (99.0) Muslim 0 (0) 1 (0.5) Traditionalist 11 (7.5) 1 (0.5) MARITAL STATUS Married 63 (42.9) 75 (36.9) Single 80 (54.4) 122 (60.1) Divorced 4 (2.7) 6 (3.0) EDUCATIONAL STATUS Primary 22 (15.0) 11 (5.4) Secondary 58 (39.5) 70 (34.5) Tertiary 63 (42.9) 115 (56.7) Post-graduate 2 (1.4) 6 (3.0) No formal education 2 (1.4) 1 (0.5) TOTAL 147 (42) 203 (58) Table 3: Antimalarial used frequently by respondents Responses Percent of Cases N Percent Antimalarials used by respondents a Arthemether/Lumefantrine 206 27.6% 94.9% Artesunate/Amodiaquine 115 15.4% 53.0% Dihydroartemisinin/Piperaquine 92 12.3% 42.4% Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine 76 10.2% 35.0% Artesunate 88 11.8% 40.6% Chloroquine/Primaquine 117 15.7% 53.9% Arterolane/Piperaquine 25 3.4% 11.5% Halofantrine 27 3.6% 12.4% Total 746 100.0% 343.8% Table 4: Source of malaria information Responses Percent of Cases N Percent Source of information TV as a source of information about malaria 217 23.9% 63.1% Friends/Neighbors as a source of information about malaria 221 24.3% 64.2% Newspaper as a source of information about malaria 120 13.2% 34.9% Hospital as a source of information about malaria 171 18.8% 49.7% Health workers as a source of information about malaria 180 19.8% 52.3% Total 909 100.0% 264.2% Knowledge of participants We determined the malaria knowledge level of participants by assessing the respondents’ responses using variables bothering on transmission, mortality, breeding sites and symptoms of the disease. The average knowledge of participants was placed at 60.3%. we moved further to check if the knowledge was gender-based but there was no significant difference between the knowledge of men and women on malaria treatment, prevention and control as seen in Table 5. The knowledge of men on malaria treatment, prevention and control stood at 60.3% while that of women stood at 60.2%. This is supported by our T-test which shows a p-value of 0.968. Table 5: Knowledge of participants based on gender Gender Statistic Std. Error Male Knowledge of Respondents on Malaria Mean 60.2969 1.24753 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 57.8313 Upper Bound 62.7624 5% Trimmed Mean 61.1180 Median 63.6364 Female Knowledge of Respondents on Malaria Mean 60.2329 .99937 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 58.2624 Upper Bound 62.2034 5% Trimmed Mean 61.0066 Median 63.6364 Knowledge of malaria from the age perspective, showed that two age groups, 31-40 years and 51-60 years were lower than those < 20 years. Regression analysis suggests that respondents between 31-40 years were 6.8 times less knowledgeable than respondents aged < 20 years while those aged between 51-60 years were 12.5 times less knowledgeable than those aged < 20 years. Other independent variables such as education had no impact on the knowledge base of respondents. Attitudes to Treatment, Prevention, and Control Respondents answered a combination of 8 statements that are related to attitudes toward treatment, prevention, and control of malaria. The larger proportion agreed to sleeping under mosquito nets are the best method of malaria prevention. Using two separate groups of variables that measure for prevention and treatment, we calculated the mean Likert value as shown in Table 6. Likert value of above 3.5, shows that a study population is in agreement, with a Likert value of 3.07 and 3.7 for attitude to prevention and treatment respectively, the study showed that the respondents had a positive attitude towards both treatment and prevention. For attitude on prevention, regression analysis as shown in Table 7, shows that employment status, education of at least tertiary level and religion had the three highest impacts on the attitude towards prevention of malaria. This regression model also accounts for 32.3% (adjusted R 2 ) of the variation in the attitude of respondents towards malaria prevention. Regression for attitude towards treatment showed very similar values. Table 6: Mean Likert value for attitudes Statistic Std. Error Mean 3.9663 .03475 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 3.8980 Upper Bound 4.0347 5% Trimmed Mean 3.9873 Median 4.0000 Mean 3.7994 .03672 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Bound 3.7272 Upper Bound 3.8717 5% Trimmed Mean 3.8132 Median 3.6667 Table 7: Regression analysis for Attitude to prevention Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 3.337 .164 20.407 .000 Age=31-40 years -.093 .080 -.063 -1.157 .248 Age=51-60 years -.047 .173 -.013 -.274 .785 Age=21-30 years -.046 .078 -.035 -.586 .558 religion=Christianity .347 .160 .101 2.174 .030 marital_status=Single .004 .080 .003 .055 .956 education=Tertiary .248 .079 .191 3.158 .002 education=Post graduate .533 .198 .123 2.697 .007 employment=Student .534 .088 .399 6.046 .000 a. Dependent Variable: attitutude_Prevention Practice A total of 127 respondents (36.3%), frequently use insecticides within or outside their homes as a preventive measure, while 213(60.9%) rarely practice this and only 2.6% had never used an insecticide. Also worrisome is the fact that majority of the respondents, over 40% across the board of the participants do not use insecticide-treated nets, change or repair or treat worn out ITNs. The vast majority of respondents stated that cost (344, %) was the reason for not using or adhering to preventive and treatment guidelines. On the attitude towards the search for medical attention, and treatment-seeking behaviour, 64(18.3%) pay regular visits to a health centre when sick, while 273 (78.0) visit the clinics occasionally, leaving 12 (3.4%) of the 350 respondents that had never visited the clinic for a suspected malaria case, Table 8. The practice of self-medication was on the extreme amongst respondents with over 95% practicing self-medication with suspected cases of malaria infection. Table 8: Respondents practices when sick Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Never 12 3.4 3.4 3.4 Sometimes 273 78.0 78.2 81.7 Always 64 18.3 18.3 100.0 Total 349 99.7 100.0 Missing System 1 .3 Total 350 100.0 Discussion The survey evaluated the knowledge, attitudes and practices of participants of this study within the study area members of the Awka metropolis communities on issues surrounding malaria transmission, symptoms, prevention measures and treatment. The study showed a high knowledge of malaria infection amongst respondents (%), and majority believed that malaria is a public health care concern, as previously reported by 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 . Similarly, previous studies reported, 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , also showed that above 90% of respondents are knowledgeable in the prevention and control of malaria with use of ITNs, drainage of stagnant water, IRS as the main stay in the prevention and control of the parasite. Respondents exhibited poor treatment-seeking behavior and this is a necessary step for early diagnosis and treatment of malaria infection which in turn reduces the transmission of the parasite. Majority of participants mentioned Artemether-lumefantrine as their drug choice for malaria treatment. The study in addition, revealed the most common source of information on malaria treatment, prevention and control as mass media as shown in Table 4 , indicating the importance of these in dissemination of important health information and also the need to improve the involvement of health care professionals in health education of the general populace. This agrees with the findings by results from Belay, 2021 8 as well as other research works that have shown that 90% of individuals living in malaria-endemic areas have access to at least a means of mass media communication and get basic malaria information that is malaria-related from there as well. A vast majority of participants indulge in self-medication, while a few visits the health clinic in the case of a suspected malaria infection. This is in contradiction with previous studies where respondents had good treatment-seeking behavior with 91.4% of participants visiting the health facilities when ill 9 , 12 – 15 . This suggests the need to properly educate the populace on the advantages of visiting health clinic when sick and the possible adverse effects of self-medication which is a common practice in Nigeria and Africa at large. It is also important to point out how early treatment-seeking behaviour contributes significantly in the diagnosis, treatment, transmission and control of malaria infection. This study also revealed that over 80% of participants are aware of the need to use ITNs as a protective measure, but also showed that only about a half of the participants make use of them, which is consistent with works by Animut, 2014; Alelign, 2018; and Yimer, 2015 16,11,17 . There is therefore the need to strongly educate the populace on the advantages of owning owing and actually using ITNs and how they offer protection from malaria infection. Some participants also noted their inability to access the ITNs, discomfort especially during the hot seasons, and fear of a burning sensation as reasons for non-compliance with the use of ITNs. This calls for proper community education and awareness through public health education schemes targeted at educating the masses on how ITNs have been proven effective in the prevention of malaria infection. From our study, over 70% of participants engaged in self-medication as against their counterparts in other regions like Europe where studies have shown 91.4% of participants seeking treatment at health facilities within 24 hours of clinical symptoms. The majority of the study participants possess ITNs as well as IRS but only a few make use of them regularly as and when due as a control measure despite knowing the role they play in preventing mosquito bite, the rate-limiting step to malaria infection. This also buttresses the need for adequate health education to awaken people’s consciousness and raise awareness of the need for the right treatment-seeking behaviour and its practice. This has been proven to be effective in mitigating the misbelief on malaria disease, its transmission, control and prevention strategies Conclusion The study demonstrates that participants are knowledgeable about malaria transmission, prevention and control strategies, but the practice and attitude and practice towards malaria infection prevention and control are generally poor. The comprehensive knowledge and attitudes of participants towards malaria were comparable with previous studies. However, there is a need for training and retraining of individuals living in malaria endemic areas on the right approach for effective control and elimination of malaria infection. The training would also enlighten the public on varied misconceptions regarding the cause, mode of transmission and treatment plan for malaria. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Awka. With reference number, COOUTH/CMAC/ETH.C/VOL.1/FN:04/0104. Information and purpose of the study were clearly described to all prospective participants and those who consented to be part of the study indicated by giving oral or written consent. All information obtained during the study from the participants was handled confidentially and data were restricted for this study only. Consent for publication: NOT APPLICABLE Availability of data and materials Datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not readily available to the public but are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding: NOT APPLICABLE Clinical Trial Number: Not Applicable Authors contributions CKE participated in the design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the results as well as the drafting of the manuscript. OS and AB participated in data collection, while OC and OUC coordinated data entry, analysis and interpretation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgement The authors wish to thank the study participants and all who in one or the other contributed to the success of this study. References World Malaria Report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022 (http://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/365169, accessed 11 April 2023). Sissoko, M. S., Dabo, A., Traoré, H., Diallo, M., Traoré, B., Konaté, D., Niaré, B., Diakité, M., Kamaté, B., Traoré, A., Bathily, A., Tapily, A., Touré, O. B., Cauwenbergh, S., Jansen, H. F., & Doumbo, O. K. (2009). 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5019915","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":349376132,"identity":"99077b9c-fab5-497d-8e88-4a72ec641304","order_by":0,"name":"Chinelo Ezejiegu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABE0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACHjDJBqIYHzAwSECYPERqYTYgRQtEnwRcBJ8W/p4DjA9/VPDJ8POvMavm3WFhz8dzgPHB2zaGPHkH7FokzjYwG0icYeORnPHG7DbvGQlmNt4GZsO5bQzFhgewazHgB7rHsI2Nx+DGGaCWNgk2NqCING8bQ+LGBpxa2H8k/mPjsQdqKQZq4QFqYf+NVwtvAxvDwQagLfw9ZsxALRJAh7Exg7TMx+F9iTMHmyUbjrHxSNxgK5ac2yZhwMYDFJlzTiJxA84QSz748UfNMXv+/sMbP7xtq7OXB4p8eFNmkzgfh8OAcQ6SOQa0LwFFRILB4AAuLWBQA7QPXYU8TltGwSgYBaNghAEAfshMSYNdcVEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chinelo","middleName":"","lastName":"Ezejiegu","suffix":""},{"id":349376135,"identity":"2bf933c4-4992-42e5-bce6-0bed107ba24f","order_by":1,"name":"Somtochukwu Ozohili","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Somtochukwu","middleName":"","lastName":"Ozohili","suffix":""},{"id":349376138,"identity":"39400a79-38ac-41dc-b94f-edfe1e00a1c7","order_by":2,"name":"Benjamin Anyigor","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Benjamin","middleName":"","lastName":"Anyigor","suffix":""},{"id":349376140,"identity":"630ccc3b-e6d9-419f-8f95-0630b46b1be6","order_by":3,"name":"Chukwunonso Onwuzuligbo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chukwuemeka Oduemegwu Ojukwu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chukwunonso","middleName":"","lastName":"Onwuzuligbo","suffix":""},{"id":349376143,"identity":"6794af4f-1f55-4af9-b2e2-58fd813c4308","order_by":4,"name":"Uchenna Ogwaluonye","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Uchenna","middleName":"","lastName":"Ogwaluonye","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-09-02 16:53:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5019915/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5019915/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":76466630,"identity":"f0db496c-ae22-42c8-a3c9-fb6f9081833a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-17 12:24:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":971403,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5019915/v1/e8f79636-a59f-4838-928c-1bd9ffd7e947.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Knowledge, attitude and practices of people living in Awka Metropolis, on malaria treatment, prevention and control","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eDespite interventions towards the control and elimination of malaria infection, malaria remains a major concern, especially in developing nations such as Africa. It currently is one of the leading public health concerns in Sub-Saharan Africa\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The disease malaria is caused by parasites of the genus \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium\u003c/em\u003e and transmitted by the female anopheles mosquito in the cause of a blood meal. Currently, five species of \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium; P. knowlesi, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. Ovale\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eP. vivax\u003c/em\u003e are known to cause an infection in humans\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, with fever being the most common symptoms after about one to three weeks of an infection. In 2022, the World Health Organization report on malaria, put Africa at the lead of malaria infection, with Nigeria accounting for nearly 27% of the global malaria burden, and a 31% mortality rate\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf the 91 countries with reported cases of malaria transmission, 80% are within Sub-Saharan Africa and India, with 14 countries located in the former. Increased incidence of malaria infection in Nigeria and some parts of Africa, has been linked to factors such as increased cases of drug misuse and abuse, climate changes, and effects that encourage the growth, survival, and reproducibility of the mosquito vectors \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective control and elimination of malaria infection are centered on early detection, proper treatment, and accurate vector control as the major tools. Hence a need to study the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of people living within the Awka metropolis about malaria treatment, prevention, and control. With reports of Artemisinin antimalarial efficacy decline in various parts of the world\u003csup\u003e18,19,20,21\u003c/sup\u003e, there is a need to also understand the roles individuals play in contributing to these reported failures.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Method","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eStudy design, site and population\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Data was collected between January and June 2021 from individuals willing to participate in the survey. The study was conducted in Awka metropolis, the capital city of Anambra State, Nigeria. The study population comprised adults, at least 18 years of age, living within the study site who gave oral or written informed consent to participate in the survey. The sample size was determined using the single population proportion formula by taking the proportion in population based on past literature studies at 35%, with a confidence interval of 5%, using the formula by Nang \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(2006). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData collection instrument\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA structured questionnaire prepared from existing KAP literature targeted at malaria prevention and control was used for the study. The questionnaire was reviewed by three researchers knowledgeable in the field. In addition, a reliability analysis was done to ascertain how reliable the instrument is for measuring the main idea of this study it was designed for. This was done using the Cronbach alpha (CA) value which should not exceed 0.50. However, it did not affect the knowledge assessment since that will be based on grading, but it was applied to the attitude and practice of the study population regarding malaria treatment.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData collection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData for the study was collected via a face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire prepared in English and translated into the local language (Igbo) for participants who are not fluent in English.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData management and analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis was done on different variables using frequency and percentages and the results were presented in tables, graphics and figures. The data collected were analyzed using the Computer-Aided Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"RESULT","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe determined the knowledge by assessing the responses of the respondents using variables concerned with transmission, mortality, breeding sites and symptoms of the disease.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical considerations and consent approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Awka. Information and purpose of the study were clearly described to all prospective participants and those who consented to be part of the study indicated by giving oral or written consent. All information obtained during the study from the participants was handled confidentially and data were restricted for this study only.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReliability analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA reliability analysis helps to check how reliable a study instrument is in measuring an idea that it was designed for. This was done using the Cronbach Alpha (CA) value which should not exceed 0.50 at least. This, however, did not apply to our knowledge assessment since it was based on a grading system. Tables 1A and 1B, show the reliability analysis result for participants\u0026apos; attitudes to prevention and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"544\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 544px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1A: Reliability test for attitude on prevention\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScale Mean if Item Deleted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScale Variance if Item Deleted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorrected Item-Total Correlation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCronbach\u0026apos;s Alpha if Item Deleted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYou are bothered by the presence of mosquitoes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.981\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.592\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.626\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo you think malaria is preventable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.776\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.613\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI think malaria is a serious and life-threatening disease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.394\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.732\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.4118%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI believe in sleeping under a mosquito net to prevent mosquito bites\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.686\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.559\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.708\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"544\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1B: Reliability analysis on attitude on treatment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.4118%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScale Mean if Item Deleted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScale Variance if Item Deleted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorrected Item-Total Correlation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCronbach\u0026apos;s Alpha if Item Deleted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.4118%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlood smear necessary for malaria diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.442\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.323\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.4118%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI believe in visiting health centers when I feel sick\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.667\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.546\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.4118%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI think it\u0026rsquo;s risky when malaria medicine is not taken properly and completely\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.552\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.414\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.369\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 29.4118%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYour most deciding factor(s) when deciding to treat malaria are: perceived cost and time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.400\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.317\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6471%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.672\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor reliability analysis on attitude on prevention, the removal of any item had little to no effect on the CA value, hence all items were retained. In the case of attitude on treatment, the removal of the first three questions as shown in Table 1B, showed a slight adjustment in the CA value, if we further removed the highlighted item (in yellow), the CA improved even better, thus the items were removed, giving a CA value for attitude on treatment of 0.672.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe same analysis was carried out for treatment and prevention practices, to see if we can improve the CA values. Following adjustments, the CA for both was at 0.583 and 0.751 respectively. Item coding was reviewed following the negative CA value due to a negative average covariance among items.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic characteristics of study participants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study analyzed 350 well-filled participant questionnaires, with the demographic data of respondents shown in Table 2. The demographic data showed a male-to-female ratio of 147:203. Most (42.6%) of the respondents fell into the age bracket of 21-30 years, while 26.3%, 15.71%, and 12% were between ages 31-40 years, 41-50 years, and \u0026lt; 20 years respectively. \u0026nbsp;With regards to educational qualification, 178(50.9%), 128(36.6%), and 33(9.2%) of respondents had up to tertiary, secondary and primary school education respectively, while 8(2.3%) and 3(0.9%) respectively had higher degree certificates or no certificate at all.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShowing on Table 3 shows the frequently used antimalarial medicines by respondents. The result in Table 4 also brought to light a possible poor face-to-face education of the population by health workers in educating the public on the treatment, prevention and control of malaria infection. The majority of respondents (23.9% and 24.3%), got information on malaria infection via television (talk shows and medical adverts) and through friends and neighbours respectively.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2: Demographic analysis of study participants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMALE (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFEMALE (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAGE\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;20 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (5.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50 (34.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99 (48.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31-40 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (34.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (20.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41-50 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (21.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (11.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51-60 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eETHNICITY\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIgbo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139 (94.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182 (89.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHausa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYoruba\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (5.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRELIGION\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChristianity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136 (92.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e201 (99.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTraditionalist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (7.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMARITAL STATUS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63 (42.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75 (36.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80 (54.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122 (60.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorced\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (2.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEDUCATIONAL STATUS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (15.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (5.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 (39.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70 (34.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTertiary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63 (42.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115 (56.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost-graduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo formal education\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTOTAL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e147 (42)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 156px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e203 (58)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"549\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\" style=\"width: 549px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Antimalarial used frequently by respondents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResponses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent of Cases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"8\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntimalarials used by respondents\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArthemether/Lumefantrine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArtesunate/Amodiaquine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDihydroartemisinin/Piperaquine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArtesunate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChloroquine/Primaquine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArterolane/Piperaquine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHalofantrine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 320px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e746\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e343.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"530\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 530px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4: Source of malaria information\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 133px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResponses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent of Cases\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 141px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource of information\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTV as a source of information about malaria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e217\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFriends/Neighbors as a source of information about malaria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNewspaper as a source of information about malaria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHospital as a source of information about malaria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHealth workers as a source of information about malaria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 301px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e264.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge of participants\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe determined the malaria knowledge level of participants by assessing the respondents\u0026rsquo; responses using variables bothering on transmission, mortality, breeding sites and symptoms of the disease. The average knowledge of participants was placed at 60.3%. we moved further to check if the knowledge was gender-based but there was no significant difference between the knowledge of men and women on malaria treatment, prevention and control as seen in Table 5. The knowledge of men on malaria treatment, prevention and control stood at 60.3% while that of women stood at 60.2%. This is supported by our T-test which shows a p-value of 0.968.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"651\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 651px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5: Knowledge of participants based on gender\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 512px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStd. Error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of Respondents on Malaria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.2969\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.24753\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% Confidence Interval for Mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower Bound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.8313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper Bound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.7624\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5% Trimmed Mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.1180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.6364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of Respondents on Malaria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.2329\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.99937\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 162px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% Confidence Interval for Mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower Bound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.2624\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper Bound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.2034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5% Trimmed Mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.0066\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.6364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKnowledge of malaria from the age perspective, showed that two age groups, 31-40 years and 51-60 years were lower than those \u0026lt; 20 years. Regression analysis suggests that respondents between 31-40 years were 6.8 times less knowledgeable than respondents aged \u0026lt; 20 years while those aged between 51-60 years were 12.5 times less knowledgeable than those aged \u0026lt; 20 years. Other independent variables such as education had no impact on the knowledge base of respondents.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttitudes to Treatment, Prevention, and Control\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRespondents answered a combination of 8 statements that are related to attitudes toward treatment, prevention, and control of malaria. The larger proportion agreed to sleeping under mosquito nets are the best method of malaria prevention. Using two separate groups of variables that measure for prevention and treatment, we calculated the mean Likert value as shown in Table 6. Likert value of above 3.5, shows that a study population is in agreement, with a Likert value of 3.07 and 3.7 for attitude to prevention and treatment respectively, the study showed that the respondents had a positive attitude towards both treatment and prevention. For attitude on prevention, regression analysis as shown in Table 7, shows that employment status, education of at least tertiary level and religion had the three highest impacts on the attitude towards prevention of malaria. This regression model also accounts for 32.3% (adjusted R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) of the variation in the attitude of respondents towards malaria prevention. Regression for attitude towards treatment showed very similar values.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"609\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 555px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6: Mean Likert value for attitudes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStd. Error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 284px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9663\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.03475\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% Confidence Interval for Mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower Bound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8980\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper Bound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0347\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 284px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5% Trimmed Mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9873\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 284px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 284px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.03672\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95% Confidence Interval for Mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower Bound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7272\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 124px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper Bound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8717\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 284px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5% Trimmed Mean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.8132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 284px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6667\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 7: Regression analysis for Attitude to prevention\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"609\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 205px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 175px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnstandardized Coefficients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandardized Coefficients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSig.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStd. Error\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBeta\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"9\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Constant)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.337\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.164\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.407\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge=31-40 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.080\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge=51-60 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.173\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.785\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge=21-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.046\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-.586\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.558\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ereligion=Christianity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.347\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emarital_status=Single\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.080\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.956\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eeducation=Tertiary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eeducation=Post graduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.533\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.198\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.697\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 157px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eemployment=Student\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.534\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.399\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.046\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47.9475%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ea. Dependent Variable: attitutude_Prevention\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 14.2857%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.7635%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.0016%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11.0016%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePractice\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 127 respondents (36.3%), frequently use insecticides within or outside their homes as a preventive measure, while 213(60.9%) rarely practice this and only 2.6% had never used an insecticide. Also worrisome is the fact that majority of the respondents, over 40% across the board of the participants do not use insecticide-treated nets, change or repair or treat worn out ITNs. The vast majority of respondents stated that cost (344, %) was the reason for not using or adhering to preventive and treatment guidelines. On the attitude towards the search for medical attention, and treatment-seeking behaviour, 64(18.3%) pay regular visits to a health centre when sick, while 273 (78.0) visit the clinics occasionally, leaving 12 (3.4%) of the 350 respondents that had never visited the clinic for a suspected malaria case, Table 8. The practice of self-medication was on the extreme amongst respondents with over 95% practicing self-medication with suspected cases of malaria infection.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"475\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 475px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 8: Respondents practices when sick\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValid Percent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCumulative Percent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eValid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlways\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e349\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 62px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMissing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSystem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.5263%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19.1579%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 20.2105%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe survey evaluated the knowledge, attitudes and practices of participants of this study within the study area members of the Awka metropolis communities on issues surrounding malaria transmission, symptoms, prevention measures and treatment. The study showed a high knowledge of malaria infection amongst respondents (%), and majority believed that malaria is a public health care concern, as previously reported by \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Similarly, previous studies reported, \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, also showed that above 90% of respondents are knowledgeable in the prevention and control of malaria with use of ITNs, drainage of stagnant water, IRS as the main stay in the prevention and control of the parasite.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespondents exhibited poor treatment-seeking behavior and this is a necessary step for early diagnosis and treatment of malaria infection which in turn reduces the transmission of the parasite. Majority of participants mentioned Artemether-lumefantrine as their drug choice for malaria treatment. The study in addition, revealed the most common source of information on malaria treatment, prevention and control as mass media as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, indicating the importance of these in dissemination of important health information and also the need to improve the involvement of health care professionals in health education of the general populace. This agrees with the findings by results from Belay, 2021\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e as well as other research works that have shown that 90% of individuals living in malaria-endemic areas have access to at least a means of mass media communication and get basic malaria information that is malaria-related from there as well. A vast majority of participants indulge in self-medication, while a few visits the health clinic in the case of a suspected malaria infection. This is in contradiction with previous studies where respondents had good treatment-seeking behavior with 91.4% of participants visiting the health facilities when ill \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR13 CR14\" citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. This suggests the need to properly educate the populace on the advantages of visiting health clinic when sick and the possible adverse effects of self-medication which is a common practice in Nigeria and Africa at large. It is also important to point out how early treatment-seeking behaviour contributes significantly in the diagnosis, treatment, transmission and control of malaria infection.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study also revealed that over 80% of participants are aware of the need to use ITNs as a protective measure, but also showed that only about a half of the participants make use of them, which is consistent with works by Animut, 2014; Alelign, 2018; and Yimer, 2015\u003csup\u003e16,11,17\u003c/sup\u003e. There is therefore the need to strongly educate the populace on the advantages of owning owing and actually using ITNs and how they offer protection from malaria infection. Some participants also noted their inability to access the ITNs, discomfort especially during the hot seasons, and fear of a burning sensation as reasons for non-compliance with the use of ITNs. This calls for proper community education and awareness through public health education schemes targeted at educating the masses on how ITNs have been proven effective in the prevention of malaria infection.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom our study, over 70% of participants engaged in self-medication as against their counterparts in other regions like Europe where studies have shown 91.4% of participants seeking treatment at health facilities within 24 hours of clinical symptoms. The majority of the study participants possess ITNs as well as IRS but only a few make use of them regularly as and when due as a control measure despite knowing the role they play in preventing mosquito bite, the rate-limiting step to malaria infection. This also buttresses the need for adequate health education to awaken people\u0026rsquo;s consciousness and raise awareness of the need for the right treatment-seeking behaviour and its practice. This has been proven to be effective in mitigating the misbelief on malaria disease, its transmission, control and prevention strategies\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study demonstrates that participants are knowledgeable about malaria transmission, prevention and control strategies, but the practice and attitude and practice towards malaria infection prevention and control are generally poor. The comprehensive knowledge and attitudes of participants towards malaria were comparable with previous studies. However, there is a need for training and retraining of individuals living in malaria endemic areas on the right approach for effective control and elimination of malaria infection. The training would also enlighten the public on varied misconceptions regarding the cause, mode of transmission and treatment plan for malaria.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Awka. With reference number, COOUTH/CMAC/ETH.C/VOL.1/FN:04/0104. Information and purpose of the study were clearly described to all prospective participants and those who consented to be part of the study indicated by giving oral or written consent. All information obtained during the study from the participants was handled confidentially and data were restricted for this study only.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNOT APPLICABLE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDatasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not readily available to the public but are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNOT APPLICABLE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical Trial Number:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNot Applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCKE\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eparticipated in the design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the results as well as the drafting of the manuscript.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;OS\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;AB\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eparticipated in data collection, while \u003cstrong\u003eOC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eand \u003cstrong\u003eOUC\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ecoordinated data entry, analysis and interpretation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors wish to thank the study participants and all who in one or the other contributed to the success of this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Malaria Report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022 (http://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/365169, accessed 11 April 2023).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSissoko, M. S., Dabo, A., Traor\u0026eacute;, H., Diallo, M., Traor\u0026eacute;, B., Konat\u0026eacute;, D., Niar\u0026eacute;, B., Diakit\u0026eacute;, M., Kamat\u0026eacute;, B., Traor\u0026eacute;, A., Bathily, A., Tapily, A., Tour\u0026eacute;, O. B., Cauwenbergh, S., Jansen, H. F., \u0026amp; Doumbo, O. K. (2009). Efficacy of artesunate + sulfamethoxypyrazine/pyrimethamine versus praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium in children. \u003cem\u003ePLoS ONE\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e4\u003c/em\u003e(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0006732\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAhmad A, Mast MR, Nijpels G, Elders PJ, Dekker JM, Hugtenburg JG, \u003cem\u003eet al. \u003c/em\u003eIdentification of drug-related problems of elderly patients discharged from hospital. Patient Prefer Adherence 2014; 8:155-65.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdet-Utan O, Ojediran T, Usman S, Akintayo-Usman NO, Fadero T, Oluberu OA, \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. Knowledge, perception and practice of malaria management among non-medical students of higher institutions in Osun State Nigeria. Am J Biotech Med Res 2016; 1:5-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHlongwana KW, Mabaso ML, Kunene S, Govender D, Maharaj R. Community knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on malaria in Swaziland: a country earmarked for malaria elimination. Malar J. 2009;8(1):29\u0026ndash;37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-8-29.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmusan VO, Umar YA, Vantsawa PAUYA. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on malaria prevention and control among private security guards within Kaduna. Sci J Pub Health. 2017; 5:240\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTesfay K, Yohannes M, Mardu F, Berhe B, Negash H. Assessment of community knowledge, practice, and determinants of malaria case households in the rural area of Raya Azebo district, Northern Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2017;14(10): e0222427.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBelay, B., Gelana, T. \u0026amp; Gebresilassie, A. Malaria prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice among febrile patients attending Chagni health center, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. \u003cem\u003eTrop Dis Travel Med Vaccines\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e, 20 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-021-00146-2\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbate A, Abraham D, Berhanu E. Community knowledge, attitude and practice about malaria in a low endemic setting of Shewa Robit town, northeastern Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):312. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-312.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitiku I, Assefa A. Caregivers perception of malaria and treatment seeking behavior for under five children in Mandura District, West Ethiopia: a Cross sectional study. Malar J. 2017; 16:14.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlelign A, Petros B. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of malaria transmission and preventive measures in Woreta town, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):491. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3607-z.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHlongwana KW, Zitha A, Mabuza AM, Maharaj R. (2011). Knowledge and practices towards malaria amongst residents of Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med.; 3:257.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSumari D, Dillip A, Ndume V, Mugasa JP, Gwakisa PS. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes and practices on malaria in relation to its transmission among primary school children in Bagamoyo district, Tanzania. Malaria World J. ;7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNejati J, Hassan S, Saghafipour MA. (2018). Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on malaria, from high malaria burden rural communities, southeastern Iran. J Parasit Dis.; 42:62\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMunzhedzi M., McQuade E., Guler J., Shifflett P., Krivacsy S., Dillinngham R., Bessong P. (2021). Community knowledge, attitudes and practices towards malaria in Ha-Lambani, Limpopo Province, South Africa: a cross-sectional household survey. \u003cem\u003eMalaria Journal\u003c/em\u003e; 20:188: p2-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03724-z\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnimut A, Negash Y, Kebede N. Distribution and utilization of vector control strategies in a malarious village of Jabi Tehnan District, North-Western Ethiopia. Malar J. 2014;13(1):356. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-356.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYimer F, Animut A, Erko B, Mamo H. Past five\u0026ndash;year trend, current prevalence and household knowledge, attitude and practice of malaria in Abeshge, South- central Ethiopia. Malar J. 2015; 14:230.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Malaria, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Prevention and Control, Treatment. ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5019915/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5019915/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003eThe World Health Organization (WHO), malaria report has consistently shown the poor performances of malaria-endemic countries such as Nigeria in controlling the malaria parasite.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eThe study is a cross-sectional mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis. Regarding existing literature on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) on malaria treatment, prevention and control within the study area, a structured questionnaire suiting for the study was drafted with reliability analysis done following the review of the study instrument by three field experts.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eThe study involved a total of 350 respondents who filled out the questionnaires independently. Sixty percent (60.3%) had good knowledge of malaria prevention methods. Using a Likert scale mean of 3.97, the sample population was shown to have a positive attitude towards the prevention of malaria, also a mean of 3.7 indicated that the population showed a positive attitude to treatment. Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) were poorly used while other methods of prevention were preferred. Above 90% of the participants agreed that malaria is preventable and cited several preventive methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eIn conclusion, the study respondents had good knowledge of malaria infection, treatment and control, although the majority knowing this, do not follow the accurate prevention practices. The study exposed the need to train and retrain the communities on the benefits of adequate prevention and treatment practices as a tool for effective malaria control and eradication.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Knowledge, attitude and practices of people living in Awka Metropolis, on malaria treatment, prevention and control","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-10-04 11:12:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5019915/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4cc85f51-bcb4-4935-bde3-7918208c4316","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 4th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-17T12:23:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-10-04 11:12:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5019915","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5019915","identity":"rs-5019915","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}