Gatekeeper Theory in the Digital Media Age: A Comprehensive and Critical Literature Review

This literature review examines the evolution of gatekeeper theory in the digital media age, synthesizing approximately 60 studies from 2005 to 2025 to analyze shifts from traditional human-centric models to hybrid systems involving algorithms, users, and platforms. Key themes include algorithmic gatekeeping, user-generated content, disinformation challenges, ethical considerations, and global perspectives. Through a systematic review of databases and thematic analysis, the paper addresses the research problem of power dynamics in digital information flows, highlighting tensions between democratization and biases. A focused review of 20 recent studies (2015–2025) provides critical insights into methodologies, findings, and implications. The analysis reveals that while digital gatekeeping empowers participation, it amplifies polarization and inequalities, necessitating updated theoretical frameworks and regulations. Implications for policy, ethics, and future research are discussed, emphasizing the need for transparent AI integration and cross-cultural studies.