A Bibliometric Analysis of Climate Change and Human Health Research in India (1999–2025)

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While global research on climate-health integrated research has grown rapidly, the extent and nature of India-specific scholarly contributions remain underexplored. This study provides the comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on climate change and human health in India, aiming to map research trends, collaborative patterns, influential contributors, thematic clusters, and existing gaps. Methods: A systematic search of Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted using keywords combining climate change, human health, and India-related terms. After duplication and cleaning, 1136 unique publications were analysed. Quantitative bibliometric indicators were assessed using Python packages (PyBibX, pandas, seaborn), and network visualizations were created using VOSviewer to map co-authorship, co-citations, and keyword clusters. Results: India’s research output on climate related health issues has grown significantly post 2010, with peaks in publication and citation activity aligning with major global climate events and national policy milestones. Highly cited contributions were made by a small group of authors and institutions such as the Indian Institute of Public Health and Panjab University. Thematic and keyword analysis identified dominant research clusters: environmental pollution, population vulnerabilities, and climate-adaptive health policies. Despite increased publication volume, gaps remain in areas such as mental health, nutrition, occupational exposure, and research in risk prone regions like Northeast India and underserved tribal areas. Conclusion: While India’s scientific engagement in climate change and human health research is expanding, it remains uneven across themes and geographies. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, addressing regional disparities, and translating evidence into policy are essential for building strong public health systems. This study highlights priority areas and can inform future research and policymaking at the intersection of climate change and health in India. Climate change Human health India Bibliometric analysis Vector-borne disease Air pollution Public-health policy Vulnerable populations Interdisciplinary research Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 1. Introduction With significant effects on global economies, natural systems, and most significantly, human health, climate change has become one of the most significant issues of our day. Rising sea levels, more severe weather, ecological changes, and rising global temperatures have all added to the global burden of climate-sensitive illnesses ( 1 , 2 ). The importance of climate change as a health determinant, impacting a wide range of health outcomes such as infectious diseases, respiratory disorders, malnutrition, and mental health, has been recognized by research more and more over the last 20 years ( 3 ). With discernible rises in publication outputs, collaborations, and institutional participation, bibliometric studies conducted globally demonstrate an increasing interdisciplinary interest in comprehending and reducing these repercussions ( 1 ). India, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable nations, is disproportionately at risk because of its wide range of temperature zones, sizable population, and socioeconomic inequalities. It can be seen in the shift Global Climate Risk Index, where the rank of India is under seven in 2019 ( 4 ). Infrastructure and livelihoods are already being impacted by heatwaves in northern and central India, shifting monsoon patterns, glacial melt in the Himalayas, and floods in coastal areas. The spread of zoonotic and vector-borne illnesses, food security, and water quality are all impacted by these climate-related events ( 5 ). Despite the existence of policy frameworks such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and the National Action Plan on Climate Change and Human Health (NAPCCHH), there is still a lack of integration and implementation with public health systems. Qualitative interviews indicate that many healthcare professional and environmental stakeholders are either unaware of these policies or perceive weak implementation and lack of coordination between climate and health sectors ( 6 , 7 ). The link between climate change and human health is becoming increasingly evident in India. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns have increased the prevalence of leptospirosis, dengue, and malaria in addition to heat stroke and respiratory conditions ( 8 ). Risks are higher for vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, and outdoor labourers. But the research environment on this subject in India is still biased, with the majority of studies concentrating on certain states or illnesses and lacking an all-encompassing or multidisciplinary approach ( 9 ). Additionally, there is little incorporation of climate science into health policy and practice, and the effects of climate change on regional health are frequently underreported ( 10 ). A rigorous, bibliometric assessment of the ways in which Indian scholars have tackled the relationship between climate change and health is still lacking, despite the growing urgency and volume of this material. Previous bibliometric research has mostly focused on global patterns or particular aspects of climate change, such as air pollution, child health, but not on Indian-specific contributions ( 11 ). The scope of India's scientific output on climate change and health has not yet been thoroughly mapped, major institutions and thematic focus areas have not been identified, and publishing trends have not been critically examined. By carrying out a thorough bibliometric analysis of the Indian literature on climate change and health, this study seeks to close that knowledge gap and offer insights into research trends, collaborative networks, and emerging priorities that are crucial for interdisciplinary cooperation and well-informed policymaking. 2. Methodology 3. 2.1 Search Strategy This bibliometric study focuses on scholarly literature examining the intersection of climate change and human health, with a specific focus on India. Data were retrieved from two major academic databases: Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) which are widely used in bibliometric analysis due to their broad disciplinary coverage and indexing standards ( 12 , 13 ). A keyword-based search strategy was developed to identify the relevant publications in both the databases. The search was conducted in title, abstract and keywords fields in Scopus and WoS. The search strategy for intersection of climate change and human health includes the words “climate change”, “global warming”, “climate variability”, “human health”, “public health”, “health effect”, “health impact”. These keywords are combined using the Boolean operator “AND”. To make the results specific to Indian context, the terms “Indian”, “India” were also included in the search queries and this search was conducted on 24 April, 2025. 2.2 Data cleaning and Merging The initial search yielded 923 records in Scopus and 513 records in WoS. After the initial retrieval, records were exported from databases and merged. Duplicates records across the databases were identified through comparison of titles, authors and Pubmed ID. The final dataset for the analysis has 1136 unique publications which included various document types like articles, reviews, book chapters, editorials, conference proceedings. The different documents types were included to a comprehensive representation of the academic outputs in this topic ( 14 ). 2.3 Data Analysis The bibliometric analysis was performed to identify the research trends, themes, collaboration patterns, and research gaps in Indian literature on climate change and human health using quantitative and network-based techniques. Quantitative Analysis To extract and analyse the meta data of the retrieved publications, python package PyBibX was utilized ( 15 ). This package helped to extract key bibliometric indicators like annual publication trends, document types, sources, and to identify the most prolific authors, funding and institutions. Descriptive analysis and visualizations were conducted using other python libraries such as pandas, seaborn, matplotlib, and plotly. Network Analysis To identify the major research themes and emerging areas, a keyword co-occurrence analysis was conducted using VOSviewer ( 16 ). The frequency and co-occurrence patterns of author keywords were analysed to generate thematic clusters. In addition, network visualizations of co-authorship, co-citation analysis was also created using VOSviewer to explore the patterns of collaborations within the field. 3. Results This bibliometric analysis investigates the research landscape of climate change and human health in India over the period if 1999 to 2025. The study includes a total of 1136 documents, of which 772 are Articles, 148 are Reviews. These papers are contributed by 4870 distinct authors from 94 countries and 2446 institutions, published across 641 sources. On average, this field has an output of 43.69 documents per year, with the average collaboration index of 4.86, indicating a strong collaboration research environment. Figure 1 illustrates the temporal evolution of research output, measured by documents and citations from 1999 to 2025. It shows a gradual growth in the number of documents, particularly accelerating from 2010 onwards, indicating increase in research activity. Citations show significant spikes, notable around, 2005, 2015 and 2021, suggesting period of high impact. Notable, while the document count continues to rise, citation numbers appear to dip in the most recent years. The most frequent source titles contributing to the literature in climate change and human health are outlined in Table 1 . This table lists 15 prominent journals, along with their impact factors, total documents and citations received within the dataset. “Science of the Total Environment” emerges as the leading journal by document count, publishing 20 papers, and a substantial 866 citations. “The Lancet” stands out with highest number of citations (1437) despite having 11 documents, reflecting its influence. Journals such as “International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health” and “Environment Research” also shows high document and citation counts. The table demonstrates that research in this field is disseminated across a diverse range of publications, spanning broad environment science, public health, and highly prestigious general science and medical journals. Table 1 Top Journals Journals Impact Factor Documents Citations Science Of the Total Environment 8.2 20 866 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7.3 16 839 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2.9 14 84 Environmental Research 7.7 12 739 Environmental Research Letters 5.8 12 635 Nature 50.5 11 92 The Lancet 98.4 11 1437 Environmental Science and Pollution Research 5.8 10 202 Indian Journal of Medical Research 2.7 9 186 The Lancet Planetary Health 24.1 9 662 Atmospheric Environment 4.2 8 367 Climatic Change 4.8 8 265 Environment International 10.3 8 493 Environmental Health Perspectives 10.1 8 654 Current Science 0.8 7 224 The distribution of research output by individual authors is shown in Fig. 2 and further details of Indian authors in Table 2 , highlighting both the number of documents and the total citations attributed to each author. The authors are ranked by the number of documents published, while the corresponding citation counts gives insight into their research impact. Dileep Mavalankar emerges as the most prolific author with 10 publications and 539 citations, affiliated with the Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar. Despite having only 5 publications, Cathryn Tonne has the highest citation count of 1214, showing a substantial influence in this field. Authors such as Nidhi Singh and R.K. Mall have each contributed 8 publications with 162 and 132 citations respectively. Other notable contributors include Vidhya Venugopal (7 documents, 313 citations, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research), Priya Dutta (7 documents, 453 citations), Amit Garg (7 documents, 192 citations from NITI Aayog), and Khaiwal Ravindra (6 documents, 465 citations, PGIMER). The diversity in affiliations, from academic institutions to government bodies, reflect a multidisciplinary engagement with climate change and human health across India. Table 2 Top Indian Authors in Climate change and human health S. No Author Documents Citations Affiliations 1. Mavalankar, Dileep 10 539 Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India 2. Mall, R.K. 8 132 DST-Mahamana Centre for Excellence in Climate Change Research, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development & Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 3. Venugopal, Vidhya 7 313 Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India. 4. Dutta, Priya 7 453 Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar 5. Garg, Amit 7 192 India Climate and Energy Modelling Forum, NITI AAYOG 6. Jaiswal, Anjali 6 487 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 7. Ravindra, Khaiwal 6 465 PGIMER, Chandigarh, India 8. Rajiva, Ajit 6 420 Ashoka University 9. Dhiman, Ramesh C. 6 211 Senior Consultant, NIMR 10. Tiwari, Abhiyant 6 113 National Research Development Corporation (NRDC), India 11. Gupta, Akhilesh 6 115 Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India 12. Balakrishnan, Kalpana 5 164 Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute 13. Mor, Suman 5 465 Panjab University, Chandigarh 14. Azhar, Gulrez Shah 5 408 Public Health Foundation of India 15. Banerjee, Tirthankar 5 164 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 16. Solanki, Bhavin 5 106 Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, Ahmedabad, India 17. Garg, Amit 5 178 IIM-A, India 18. Prabhakaran, Poornima 5 14 Centre for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India 19. Purohit, Pallav 4 287 National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India 20. Saunik, Sujata 4 63 Indian Institute of Public Health Gandginagar, Gandhinagar, India Table 3 presents the top contributing institutions from India to the research on climate change and human health, ranked by the document output. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, leads the list with 6 documents and 178 citations. Following this, DST- Mahamana Center of Excellence in Climate Change Research and Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, shows a notable contribution in terms of documents and citations, respectively. This table indicates participation from diverse organizations, including specialized research institutions, universities, and public health foundations across various cities in India. Table 3 Top contributing institutions from India S. No Institutions Documents Citations 1. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India 6 178 2. DST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 5 85 3. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 4 465 4. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 4 151 5. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India 4 17 6. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India 3 223 7. Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India 3 139 8. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India 3 123 9. Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India 3 4 10. George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India 2 344 11. Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India 2 220 12. Ahmedabad Heat and Climate Study Group, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 2 185 13. Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 2 185 14. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India 2 162 15. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India 2 139 Based on the thematic map shown in Fig. 3 , the bibliometric analysis reveals a structured research landscape characterised by distinct author keyword clusters. ‘Urbanizations & Risk’ emerges as a highly central and well researched motor theme, signifying its critical role in climate change and human health field. Conversely, ‘Disease Burden’ functions as niche theme, representing a specialized yet well-integrated area of research. ‘Climate & Air Pollution’ identified as basic theme, indicating its high relevance as a foundational topic that is still undergoing a significant development through research. Finally, ‘Public Health & Policy’ and ‘Heat & Vulnerability’ are classified as emerging/declining themes, suggesting areas that are either nascent or experiencing a shift in research focus. Figure 4 presents the network map of author keywords related to climate change and human health in India, showing three prominent thematic clusters. The minimum number of keyword co-occurrences considered for this network was set to 5 and 98 author keywords fall in this threshold. The three clusters derived from the keyword co-occurrence network reflect distinct thematic areas in India’s climate-health research. Cluster 1 (red) focuses on climate-sensitive health outcomes and heat-related vulnerabilities, with keywords like air pollution, heat, child health, malaria, flood, and occupational heat stress , highlighting the health impacts of extreme weather and vector-borne diseases. Cluster 2 (green) centres on environmental pollution and modelling, with terms such as aerosol, ambient air pollution, black carbon, machine learning, and carbon footprint , emphasizing air quality, pollutant exposure, and technological tools. Cluster 3 (blue) represents macro-level climate change impacts and equity issues, including climate change, public health, resilience, gender, mental health, and governance , pointing to interdisciplinary research on policy, environmental justice, and sustainable development. Together, these clusters demonstrate how climate-health research in India spans from localized health risks to broader systemic and governance responses. Table 4 details the primary funding agencies supporting research on climate change and human health in India, along with their respective document contributions. The Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India, stands as the leading funding body, accounting for 46 documents, with significant contributions from its sub-departments like the Department of Science and Technology (17 documents) and the Department of Biotechnology (15 documents). Other key Indian government ministries, including the Ministry of Education (18 documents) and the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (14 documents), also play substantial roles. Notably, the table also highlights support from international agencies such as the National Science Foundation, USA (17 documents), and the Wellcome Trust, UK (15 documents), indicating a diverse funding landscape for this research domain. Table 4 Top contributing institutions from India Funding Agency Documents Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt of India 46 · Department of Science and Technology 17 · Department of Biotechnology 15 · Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) 14 · Climate Change Programme, DST 8 Ministry of Education, Govt of India 18 · University Grants Commission (UGC) 19 · Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) 20 · Indian Institute of Science (IISc) 5 · Banaras Hindu University 3 Department of Health Research, MHFW, Govt of India 7 · Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) 10 Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt of India 14 Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) 12 Ministry of Earth Science, Govt of India 10 Departments under Govt of West Bengal 8 Departments under Govt of Kerala 7 India Meteorological Department, Govt of India 5 National Science Foundation, USA 17 Welcome Trust, UK 15 4. Discussion This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving research landscape of climate change and human health in India from 1999 to 2025. A total of 1136 unique publications were identified, contributed by over 4800 authors from 94 countries, showing the increasing global and collaborative nature of this research domain. Our findings highlight a consistent rise in scholarly output since 2010, a strong collaboration with average collaborative index 4.8, and a growing diversity of publication sources. The citation spikes around 2005, 2015 and 2021 may be linked to major climate change events or policy shifts that prompted scientific research activity and policy-driven research funding. The gradual upward trend in research in India mirrors with the increasing global trends of climate change studies. However, the analysis reveals regional characteristics that differentiate India’s research landscapes. The acceleration from 2010 corresponds with the national policy responses like National Action Plan in Climate Change (NAPCC, 2008) and National Program on Climate Change and Human Health, 2018 ( 17 – 19 ). This policy-research reflects the growing recognition of climate change as a critical health issue, consist with the global assessments by the Lancet Countdown reports ( 20 ). The productivity-impact dichotomy emphasizes the importance of quality over quantity. While a relatively small group of researchers contributes a significant portion of the literature, citation analysis suggests that impact is not only correlated with the volume of output. Authors like Cathryn Tonne and Khaiwal Ravindra demonstrate high citation-per-document ratios, indicating influential contributions despite less publications counts-an observation supported by global bibliometric analyses in climate-health domines ( 14 ). The interdisciplinary nature and significant impact of India's climate-health research are highlighted by journals spanning environmental science, public health, and esteemed medical platforms, such as The Lancet Planetary Health and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. This reflects the increasing integration of climate and health concerns across scientific disciplines. These patterns align with international bibliometric trends that shows the critical role of transdisciplinary research in addressing complex, climate-sensitive health challenges ( 21 ). The involvement of institutions such as the Indian Institute of Public Health and Panjab University shows the integration of environmental, epidemiological, and policy-oriented research across diverse academic and government bodies. This pattern of institutional collaboration reflects global trends where academic and governmental organizations jointly contribute to interdisciplinary research ( 21 ). Funding patterns reveal a strong support from key Indian government ministries alongside contributions from international agencies, reflecting the prioritisation of climate-health research in national and global agencies ( 22 , 23 ). The involvement of multiple government departments, including science, education, and environment, highlights the interdisciplinary approach required to tackle the health challenges due to climate change. Thematic mapping and keyword network analysis identified the clusters where the presence of a central, well-developed cluster around ‘Urbanization and Risk’ highlights the relevance of urban health and infrastructure in climate adaptation. Meanwhile, ‘Disease Burden’ and ‘Heat & Vulnerability were underdeveloped or emerging area- indicating areas that are recognised but has limited exposure. This maturity and centrality framework, adopted from Cobo et al. (2011), has been widely used in thematic mapping to evaluate research development stages ( 24 ). The keyword co-occurrence network further supports this thematic structure, revealing three broad research focuses: climate-sensitive health outcomes and heat-related vulnerabilities, environmental pollution and modelling approaches, and macro-level climate change impacts, equity, and policy responses. This clustering mirrors global trends in climate-health studies, while also reflecting India’s concerns, such as air quality and urban heat ( 25 ). Exposure to air pollution, especially PM₂, is often linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory disorders. Long-term exposure to high temperatures and air pollutants was associated in a recent environmental health study to malnutrition indicators such stunting and wasting in children under five ( 26 ). The prevalence of vector-borne illnesses including dengue, chikungunya, and malaria is particularly high since research shows that climate variability is changing seasonality and transmission patterns ( 21 ). However, mental health impacts of climate change remain underexplored. Recent studies have started to investigate the psychological effects of high humidity and temperatures, particularly the connection between urban residents' depressive symptoms and wet bulb temperatures ( 27 ). Although research output has increased substantially, several underexplored areas continue to require attention. Certain high-burden issues such as mental health impacts of climate change, and socioeconomic vulnerability remain understudied. Additionally, geographic gaps are evident, with limited research on high-risk zones such as Northeast India, tribal communities, and informal urban settlements. While observational studies are present, there is a dearth of longitudinal, interventional research. These findings are in line with global call for inclusive, equity-centered climate change and human health research ( 20 , 22 , 28 ). Despite offering insights into climate change and human health, this study has several limitations. It is limited to publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, potentially excluding relevant literature from regional or non-indexed sources. The analysis focused primarily on quantitative metrics and co-occurrence patterns, and did not assess the quality or real-world impact of the studies. Additionally, the keyword-based search strategy may have missed studies using alternative terminology or interdisciplinary phrasing. 5. Conclusion A growing awareness of the negative health effects of environmental degradation and climate variability is highlighted by the bibliometric review of climate change and human health research conducted in India. Increased national and international awareness is reflected in the growing number of studies, especially since 2015. However, the study is still focused on a small number of geographic areas and certain topics, such as vector-borne diseases, heat stress, and air pollution. There are still significant gaps in areas including occupational health, nutrition, mental health, and the requirements of rural and underprivileged people. Furthermore, the evidence is not sufficiently translated into policy and practice, and there is little multidisciplinary collaboration. 6. Future Research Future studies must use a more integrated, geographically inclusive, and policy-driven strategy in order to improve climate-health resilience in India. Evidence-based policymaking depends on enhancing institutional cooperation, growing surveillance resources such as district-level climate-health datasets, and incorporating health concerns into climate adaption plans. In the end, protecting public health in a warming world will depend on promoting fair and locally relevant research. Abbreviations Abbreviation Definition CMIP6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 NAPCC National Action Plan on Climate Change NAPCCHH National Action Plan on Climate Change and Human Health WHO World Health Organization GIS Geographic Information System UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change DALYs Disability-Adjusted Life Years HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: This current study did not involve any human participants directly, and hence did not require ethics approval or consent to participate. Consent for publication: Not applicable Clinical trial number: not applicable Availability of data and material: Not applicable. No data or resources were made or analyzed during this study. Competing interests: The all authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding: No funding received for the current study. Authors Contribution: BK, SP and JY conceptualised the study. BK, JY, and MT do formal analysis. BK, RG, MT, and SH wrote the original draft. BK, JY, MT, SH, and SM reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. Acknowledgements References Dilaver I, Karakullukcu S, Gurcan F, Topbas M, Ursavas OF, Beyhun NE (2071) Climate Change and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Bibliometric, Content, and Topic Modeling Analysis. Sustainability [Internet]. 2025 Jan [cited 2025 May 20];17(6):2394. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/ -1050/17/6/2394 Over half of known human pathogenic diseases can be aggravated by climate change | Nature Climate Change [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jul 8]. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-022-01426-1 Lindawati ASL Meiryani. A bibliometric analysis on the research trends of global climate change and future directions. 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Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2325112 Dutta P, Awasthi A, Rajiva A, Manchanda N, Jharia I, Rajesh JG et al Assessing the Health Impacts of Climate Change in India: Strategies for Mitigation and Adaptation. ISEE Conf Abstr [Internet]. 2024 Aug 15 [cited 2025 Jul 8];2024(1). Available from: https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/ 10.1289/isee.2024.0617 Fritz M Beyond the heat: The mental health toll of temperature and humidity in India [Internet]. arXiv; 2025 [cited 2025 Jul 8]. Available from: http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08761 Chen H, Zhao L, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Gu K et al Projections of heatwave-attributable mortality under climate change and future population scenarios in China. Lancet Reg Health – West Pac [Internet]. 2022 Nov 1 [cited 2025 Jul 8];28. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanwpc/article/PIIS2666-6065(22)00197-3/fulltext Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":60220,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Trend\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7898085/v1/254ca80ca41a8573a9329493.png"},{"id":93985527,"identity":"37ef7c84-0397-40de-b623-7af171a26323","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-21 04:10:27","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":503185,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProlific Authors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7898085/v1/bd50b3c724bd95bfe7491d33.jpeg"},{"id":93985534,"identity":"b48f635d-1489-4bac-b22f-b11b7f884415","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-21 04:10:27","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":89444,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Themes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7898085/v1/ff65613288bde7e04f04f309.png"},{"id":93985531,"identity":"c1e714cb-3e73-4524-92a5-6aa0706e5d7f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-21 04:10:27","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":568378,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Keyword Co-occurrence Network\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7898085/v1/b92cf2814ba6066e4c054bf1.png"},{"id":93988066,"identity":"dad8e546-e5d8-46a2-bf76-884a94e6be7b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-21 04:42:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2003591,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7898085/v1/288cbc3b-46e8-49a1-b72d-ae536ee46446.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Bibliometric Analysis of Climate Change and Human Health Research in India (1999–2025)","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eWith significant effects on global economies, natural systems, and most significantly, human health, climate change has become one of the most significant issues of our day. Rising sea levels, more severe weather, ecological changes, and rising global temperatures have all added to the global burden of climate-sensitive illnesses (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The importance of climate change as a health determinant, impacting a wide range of health outcomes such as infectious diseases, respiratory disorders, malnutrition, and mental health, has been recognized by research more and more over the last 20 years (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). With discernible rises in publication outputs, collaborations, and institutional participation, bibliometric studies conducted globally demonstrate an increasing interdisciplinary interest in comprehending and reducing these repercussions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable nations, is disproportionately at risk because of its wide range of temperature zones, sizable population, and socioeconomic inequalities. It can be seen in the shift Global Climate Risk Index, where the rank of India is under seven in 2019 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Infrastructure and livelihoods are already being impacted by heatwaves in northern and central India, shifting monsoon patterns, glacial melt in the Himalayas, and floods in coastal areas. The spread of zoonotic and vector-borne illnesses, food security, and water quality are all impacted by these climate-related events (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Despite the existence of policy frameworks such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and the National Action Plan on Climate Change and Human Health (NAPCCHH), there is still a lack of integration and implementation with public health systems. Qualitative interviews indicate that many healthcare professional and environmental stakeholders are either unaware of these policies or perceive weak implementation and lack of coordination between climate and health sectors (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe link between climate change and human health is becoming increasingly evident in India. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns have increased the prevalence of leptospirosis, dengue, and malaria in addition to heat stroke and respiratory conditions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). Risks are higher for vulnerable groups, including children, the elderly, and outdoor labourers. But the research environment on this subject in India is still biased, with the majority of studies concentrating on certain states or illnesses and lacking an all-encompassing or multidisciplinary approach (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, there is little incorporation of climate science into health policy and practice, and the effects of climate change on regional health are frequently underreported (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA rigorous, bibliometric assessment of the ways in which Indian scholars have tackled the relationship between climate change and health is still lacking, despite the growing urgency and volume of this material. Previous bibliometric research has mostly focused on global patterns or particular aspects of climate change, such as air pollution, child health, but not on Indian-specific contributions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). The scope of India's scientific output on climate change and health has not yet been thoroughly mapped, major institutions and thematic focus areas have not been identified, and publishing trends have not been critically examined. By carrying out a thorough bibliometric analysis of the Indian literature on climate change and health, this study seeks to close that knowledge gap and offer insights into research trends, collaborative networks, and emerging priorities that are crucial for interdisciplinary cooperation and well-informed policymaking.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3. 2.1 Search Strategy\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis bibliometric study focuses on scholarly literature examining the intersection of climate change and human health, with a specific focus on India. Data were retrieved from two major academic databases: Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) which are widely used in bibliometric analysis due to their broad disciplinary coverage and indexing standards (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). A keyword-based search strategy was developed to identify the relevant publications in both the databases. The search was conducted in title, abstract and keywords fields in Scopus and WoS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe search strategy for intersection of climate change and human health includes the words “climate change”, “global warming”, “climate variability”, “human health”, “public health”, “health effect”, “health impact”. These keywords are combined using the Boolean operator “AND”. To make the results specific to Indian context, the terms “Indian”, “India” were also included in the search queries and this search was conducted on 24 April, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2 Data cleaning and Merging\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe initial search yielded 923 records in Scopus and 513 records in WoS. After the initial retrieval, records were exported from databases and merged. Duplicates records across the databases were identified through comparison of titles, authors and Pubmed ID. The final dataset for the analysis has 1136 unique publications which included various document types like articles, reviews, book chapters, editorials, conference proceedings. The different documents types were included to a comprehensive representation of the academic outputs in this topic (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.3 Data Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe bibliometric analysis was performed to identify the research trends, themes, collaboration patterns, and research gaps in Indian literature on climate change and human health using quantitative and network-based techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eQuantitative Analysis\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo extract and analyse the meta data of the retrieved publications, python package \u003cb\u003ePyBibX\u003c/b\u003e was utilized (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e). This package helped to extract key bibliometric indicators like annual publication trends, document types, sources, and to identify the most prolific authors, funding and institutions. Descriptive analysis and visualizations were conducted using other python libraries such as pandas, seaborn, matplotlib, and plotly.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNetwork Analysis\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo identify the major research themes and emerging areas, a keyword co-occurrence analysis was conducted using VOSviewer (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). The frequency and co-occurrence patterns of author keywords were analysed to generate thematic clusters. In addition, network visualizations of co-authorship, co-citation analysis was also created using VOSviewer to explore the patterns of collaborations within the field.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis bibliometric analysis investigates the research landscape of climate change and human health in India over the period if 1999 to 2025. The study includes a total of 1136 documents, of which 772 are Articles, 148 are Reviews. These papers are contributed by 4870 distinct authors from 94 countries and 2446 institutions, published across 641 sources. On average, this field has an output of 43.69 documents per year, with the average collaboration index of 4.86, indicating a strong collaboration research environment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e illustrates the temporal evolution of research output, measured by documents and citations from 1999 to 2025. It shows a gradual growth in the number of documents, particularly accelerating from 2010 onwards, indicating increase in research activity. Citations show significant spikes, notable around, 2005, 2015 and 2021, suggesting period of high impact. Notable, while the document count continues to rise, citation numbers appear to dip in the most recent years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe most frequent source titles contributing to the literature in climate change and human health are outlined in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. This table lists 15 prominent journals, along with their impact factors, total documents and citations received within the dataset. \u0026ldquo;Science of the Total Environment\u0026rdquo; emerges as the leading journal by document count, publishing 20 papers, and a substantial 866 citations. \u0026ldquo;The Lancet\u0026rdquo; stands out with highest number of citations (1437) despite having 11 documents, reflecting its influence. Journals such as \u0026ldquo;International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Environment Research\u0026rdquo; also shows high document and citation counts. The table demonstrates that research in this field is disseminated across a diverse range of publications, spanning broad environment science, public health, and highly prestigious general science and medical journals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTop Journals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJournals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact Factor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocuments\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCitations\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eScience Of the Total Environment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e866\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e839\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Monitoring and Assessment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Research\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e739\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Research Letters\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e635\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNature\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Lancet\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1437\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Science and Pollution Research\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e202\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndian Journal of Medical Research\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Lancet Planetary Health\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e662\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAtmospheric Environment\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e367\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eClimatic Change\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e265\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvironment International\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e493\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Health Perspectives\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e654\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCurrent Science\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e224\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe distribution of research output by individual authors is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and further details of Indian authors in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, highlighting both the number of documents and the total citations attributed to each author. The authors are ranked by the number of documents published, while the corresponding citation counts gives insight into their research impact. Dileep Mavalankar emerges as the most prolific author with 10 publications and 539 citations, affiliated with the Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar. Despite having only 5 publications, Cathryn Tonne has the highest citation count of 1214, showing a substantial influence in this field. Authors such as Nidhi Singh and R.K. Mall have each contributed 8 publications with 162 and 132 citations respectively. Other notable contributors include Vidhya Venugopal (7 documents, 313 citations, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research), Priya Dutta (7 documents, 453 citations), Amit Garg (7 documents, 192 citations from NITI Aayog), and Khaiwal Ravindra (6 documents, 465 citations, PGIMER). The diversity in affiliations, from academic institutions to government bodies, reflect a multidisciplinary engagement with climate change and human health across India.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTop Indian Authors in Climate change and human health\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eS. No\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthor\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocuments\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCitations\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffiliations\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMavalankar, Dileep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e539\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMall, R.K.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDST-Mahamana Centre for Excellence in Climate Change Research, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development \u0026amp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVenugopal, Vidhya\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDutta, Priya\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e453\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGarg, Amit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia Climate and Energy Modelling Forum, NITI AAYOG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJaiswal, Anjali\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e487\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRavindra, Khaiwal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e465\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePGIMER, Chandigarh, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRajiva, Ajit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e420\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAshoka University\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDhiman, Ramesh C.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e211\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSenior Consultant, NIMR\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTiwari, Abhiyant\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNational Research Development Corporation (NRDC), India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGupta, Akhilesh\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBalakrishnan, Kalpana\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSri Ramachandra Medical College \u0026amp; Research Institute\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMor, Suman\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e465\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePanjab University, Chandigarh\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAzhar, Gulrez Shah\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e408\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePublic Health Foundation of India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBanerjee, Tirthankar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e164\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBanaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSolanki, Bhavin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAhmedabad Municipal Corporation, Ahmedabad, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGarg, Amit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e178\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIIM-A, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrabhakaran, Poornima\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCentre for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePurohit, Pallav\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e287\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNational Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSaunik, Sujata\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndian Institute of Public Health Gandginagar, Gandhinagar, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e presents the top contributing institutions from India to the research on climate change and human health, ranked by the document output. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, leads the list with 6 documents and 178 citations. Following this, DST- Mahamana Center of Excellence in Climate Change Research and Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, shows a notable contribution in terms of documents and citations, respectively. This table indicates participation from diverse organizations, including specialized research institutions, universities, and public health foundations across various cities in India.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTop contributing institutions from India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eS. No\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInstitutions\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocuments\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCitations\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e178\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDST-Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepartment of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e465\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e151\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcademy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCentre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e223\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepartment of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepartment of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeorge Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e344\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePublic Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e220\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAhmedabad Heat and Climate Study Group, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCentre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNational Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on the thematic map shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, the bibliometric analysis reveals a structured research landscape characterised by distinct author keyword clusters. \u0026lsquo;Urbanizations \u0026amp; Risk\u0026rsquo; emerges as a highly central and well researched motor theme, signifying its critical role in climate change and human health field. Conversely, \u0026lsquo;Disease Burden\u0026rsquo; functions as niche theme, representing a specialized yet well-integrated area of research. \u0026lsquo;Climate \u0026amp; Air Pollution\u0026rsquo; identified as basic theme, indicating its high relevance as a foundational topic that is still undergoing a significant development through research. Finally, \u0026lsquo;Public Health \u0026amp; Policy\u0026rsquo; and \u0026lsquo;Heat \u0026amp; Vulnerability\u0026rsquo; are classified as emerging/declining themes, suggesting areas that are either nascent or experiencing a shift in research focus.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e presents the network map of author keywords related to climate change and human health in India, showing three prominent thematic clusters. The minimum number of keyword co-occurrences considered for this network was set to 5 and 98 author keywords fall in this threshold. The three clusters derived from the keyword co-occurrence network reflect distinct thematic areas in India\u0026rsquo;s climate-health research. Cluster 1 (red) focuses on climate-sensitive health outcomes and heat-related vulnerabilities, with keywords like \u003cem\u003eair pollution, heat, child health, malaria, flood, and occupational heat stress\u003c/em\u003e, highlighting the health impacts of extreme weather and vector-borne diseases. Cluster 2 (green) centres on environmental pollution and modelling, with terms such as \u003cem\u003eaerosol, ambient air pollution, black carbon, machine learning, and carbon footprint\u003c/em\u003e, emphasizing air quality, pollutant exposure, and technological tools. Cluster 3 (blue) represents macro-level climate change impacts and equity issues, including \u003cem\u003eclimate change, public health, resilience, gender, mental health, and governance\u003c/em\u003e, pointing to interdisciplinary research on policy, environmental justice, and sustainable development. Together, these clusters demonstrate how climate-health research in India spans from localized health risks to broader systemic and governance responses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e details the primary funding agencies supporting research on climate change and human health in India, along with their respective document contributions. The Ministry of Science \u0026amp; Technology, Government of India, stands as the leading funding body, accounting for 46 documents, with significant contributions from its sub-departments like the Department of Science and Technology (17 documents) and the Department of Biotechnology (15 documents). Other key Indian government ministries, including the Ministry of Education (18 documents) and the Ministry of Environment, Forest \u0026amp; Climate Change (14 documents), also play substantial roles. Notably, the table also highlights support from international agencies such as the National Science Foundation, USA (17 documents), and the Wellcome Trust, UK (15 documents), indicating a diverse funding landscape for this research domain.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTop contributing institutions from India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFunding Agency\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocuments\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMinistry of Science \u0026amp; Technology, Govt of India\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Department of Science and Technology\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Department of Biotechnology\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Council of Scientific \u0026amp; Industrial Research (CSIR)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Climate Change Programme, DST\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMinistry of Education, Govt of India\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; University Grants Commission (UGC)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Indian Institute of Technology (IITs)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Indian Institute of Science (IISc)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Banaras Hindu University\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDepartment of Health Research, MHFW, Govt of India\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026middot;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMinistry of Environment, Forest \u0026amp; Climate Change, Govt of India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMinistry of Earth Science, Govt of India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepartments under Govt of West Bengal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepartments under Govt of Kerala\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia Meteorological Department, Govt of India\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNational Science Foundation, USA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWelcome Trust, UK\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis bibliometric study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving research landscape of climate change and human health in India from 1999 to 2025. A total of 1136 unique publications were identified, contributed by over 4800 authors from 94 countries, showing the increasing global and collaborative nature of this research domain. Our findings highlight a consistent rise in scholarly output since 2010, a strong collaboration with average collaborative index 4.8, and a growing diversity of publication sources. The citation spikes around 2005, 2015 and 2021 may be linked to major climate change events or policy shifts that prompted scientific research activity and policy-driven research funding.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe gradual upward trend in research in India mirrors with the increasing global trends of climate change studies. However, the analysis reveals regional characteristics that differentiate India\u0026rsquo;s research landscapes. The acceleration from 2010 corresponds with the national policy responses like National Action Plan in Climate Change (NAPCC, 2008) and National Program on Climate Change and Human Health, 2018 (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR18\" citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e). This policy-research reflects the growing recognition of climate change as a critical health issue, consist with the global assessments by the Lancet Countdown reports (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe productivity-impact dichotomy emphasizes the importance of quality over quantity. While a relatively small group of researchers contributes a significant portion of the literature, citation analysis suggests that impact is not only correlated with the volume of output. Authors like Cathryn Tonne and Khaiwal Ravindra demonstrate high citation-per-document ratios, indicating influential contributions despite less publications counts-an observation supported by global bibliometric analyses in climate-health domines (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). The interdisciplinary nature and significant impact of India's climate-health research are highlighted by journals spanning environmental science, public health, and esteemed medical platforms, such as The Lancet Planetary Health and the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. This reflects the increasing integration of climate and health concerns across scientific disciplines. These patterns align with international bibliometric trends that shows the critical role of transdisciplinary research in addressing complex, climate-sensitive health challenges (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe involvement of institutions such as the Indian Institute of Public Health and Panjab University shows the integration of environmental, epidemiological, and policy-oriented research across diverse academic and government bodies. This pattern of institutional collaboration reflects global trends where academic and governmental organizations jointly contribute to interdisciplinary research (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). Funding patterns reveal a strong support from key Indian government ministries alongside contributions from international agencies, reflecting the prioritisation of climate-health research in national and global agencies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). The involvement of multiple government departments, including science, education, and environment, highlights the interdisciplinary approach required to tackle the health challenges due to climate change.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThematic mapping and keyword network analysis identified the clusters where the presence of a central, well-developed cluster around \u0026lsquo;Urbanization and Risk\u0026rsquo; highlights the relevance of urban health and infrastructure in climate adaptation. Meanwhile, \u0026lsquo;Disease Burden\u0026rsquo; and \u0026lsquo;Heat \u0026amp; Vulnerability were underdeveloped or emerging area- indicating areas that are recognised but has limited exposure. This maturity and centrality framework, adopted from Cobo et al. (2011), has been widely used in thematic mapping to evaluate research development stages (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). The keyword co-occurrence network further supports this thematic structure, revealing three broad research focuses: climate-sensitive health outcomes and heat-related vulnerabilities, environmental pollution and modelling approaches, and macro-level climate change impacts, equity, and policy responses. This clustering mirrors global trends in climate-health studies, while also reflecting India\u0026rsquo;s concerns, such as air quality and urban heat (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExposure to air pollution, especially PM₂, is often linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory disorders. Long-term exposure to high temperatures and air pollutants was associated in a recent environmental health study to malnutrition indicators such stunting and wasting in children under five (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e). The prevalence of vector-borne illnesses including dengue, chikungunya, and malaria is particularly high since research shows that climate variability is changing seasonality and transmission patterns (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). However, mental health impacts of climate change remain underexplored. Recent studies have started to investigate the psychological effects of high humidity and temperatures, particularly the connection between urban residents' depressive symptoms and wet bulb temperatures (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough research output has increased substantially, several underexplored areas continue to require attention. Certain high-burden issues such as mental health impacts of climate change, and socioeconomic vulnerability remain understudied. Additionally, geographic gaps are evident, with limited research on high-risk zones such as Northeast India, tribal communities, and informal urban settlements. While observational studies are present, there is a dearth of longitudinal, interventional research. These findings are in line with global call for inclusive, equity-centered climate change and human health research (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite offering insights into climate change and human health, this study has several limitations. It is limited to publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, potentially excluding relevant literature from regional or non-indexed sources. The analysis focused primarily on quantitative metrics and co-occurrence patterns, and did not assess the quality or real-world impact of the studies. Additionally, the keyword-based search strategy may have missed studies using alternative terminology or interdisciplinary phrasing.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eA growing awareness of the negative health effects of environmental degradation and climate variability is highlighted by the bibliometric review of climate change and human health research conducted in India. Increased national and international awareness is reflected in the growing number of studies, especially since 2015. However, the study is still focused on a small number of geographic areas and certain topics, such as vector-borne diseases, heat stress, and air pollution. There are still significant gaps in areas including occupational health, nutrition, mental health, and the requirements of rural and underprivileged people. Furthermore, the evidence is not sufficiently translated into policy and practice, and there is little multidisciplinary collaboration.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"6. Future Research","content":"\u003cp\u003eFuture studies must use a more integrated, geographically inclusive, and policy-driven strategy in order to improve climate-health resilience in India. Evidence-based policymaking depends on enhancing institutional cooperation, growing surveillance resources such as district-level climate-health datasets, and incorporating health concerns into climate adaption plans. In the end, protecting public health in a warming world will depend on promoting fair and locally relevant research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbbreviation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDefinition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCMIP6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCoupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNAPCC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNational Action Plan on Climate Change\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNAPCCHH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNational Action Plan on Climate Change and Human Health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWHO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWorld Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGIS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGeographic Information System\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUNFCCC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDALYs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisability-Adjusted Life Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHIV/AIDS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHuman Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate:\u003c/strong\u003e This current study did not involve any human participants directly, and hence did not require ethics approval or consent to participate.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication:\u003c/strong\u003e Not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number:\u003c/strong\u003e not applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and material:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp; Not applicable. No data or resources were made or analyzed during this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests: \u0026nbsp;The all authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e No funding received for the current study. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors Contribution:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eBK, SP and JY conceptualised the study. BK, JY, and MT do formal analysis. BK, RG, MT, and SH wrote the original draft. BK, JY, MT, SH, and SM reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDilaver I, Karakullukcu S, Gurcan F, Topbas M, Ursavas OF, Beyhun NE (2071) Climate Change and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Bibliometric, Content, and Topic Modeling Analysis. 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Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanwpc/article/PIIS2666-6065(22)00197-3/fulltext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanwpc/article/PIIS2666-6065(22)00197-3/fulltext\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Climate change, Human health, India, Bibliometric analysis, Vector-borne disease, Air pollution, Public-health policy, Vulnerable populations, Interdisciplinary research","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7898085/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7898085/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003eClimate change is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of human health, with impacts ranging from vector-borne diseases and malnutrition to mental health and respiratory illness. While global research on climate-health integrated research has grown rapidly, the extent and nature of India-specific scholarly contributions remain underexplored. This study provides the comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on climate change and human health in India, aiming to map research trends, collaborative patterns, influential contributors, thematic clusters, and existing gaps.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eA systematic search of Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted using keywords combining climate change, human health, and India-related terms. After duplication and cleaning, 1136 unique publications were analysed. Quantitative bibliometric indicators were assessed using Python packages (PyBibX, pandas, seaborn), and network visualizations were created using VOSviewer to map co-authorship, co-citations, and keyword clusters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eIndia’s research output on climate related health issues has grown significantly post 2010, with peaks in publication and citation activity aligning with major global climate events and national policy milestones. Highly cited contributions were made by a small group of authors and institutions such as the Indian Institute of Public Health and Panjab University. Thematic and keyword analysis identified dominant research clusters: environmental pollution, population vulnerabilities, and climate-adaptive health policies. Despite increased publication volume, gaps remain in areas such as mental health, nutrition, occupational exposure, and research in risk prone regions like Northeast India and underserved tribal areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eWhile India’s scientific engagement in climate change and human health research is expanding, it remains uneven across themes and geographies. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, addressing regional disparities, and translating evidence into policy are essential for building strong public health systems. This study highlights priority areas and can inform future research and policymaking at the intersection of climate change and health in India.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Bibliometric Analysis of Climate Change and Human Health Research in India (1999–2025)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-21 04:10:22","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7898085/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8e4d86cf-9d08-43c3-ae92-0a5e6fe52a38","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-21T04:10:24+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-21 04:10:22","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7898085","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7898085","identity":"rs-7898085","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}