From Climate Change to Environmental Sustainability: Analyzing Phenomena and Determining Factors

From Climate Change to Environmental Sustainability: Analyzing Phenomena and Determining Factors | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article From Climate Change to Environmental Sustainability: Analyzing Phenomena and Determining Factors Mohammad Navid Farahza, Bijan Nazari, Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Mahkameh Sadat Naeini This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6582962/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Environmental sustainability is a critical global issue, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions facing climate change, population growth, and increasing water demand. This study aims to examine the phenomena and key factors influencing environmental sustainability using principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Factor analysis identified six major categories: (1) biological and ecological transformations, (2) resilience and sustainability of ecosystems, (3) environmental processes and climate change, (4) environmental and ecological changes, (5) fundamental resources and production, and (6) transformations in alternative resources. Path coefficient analysis highlighted that environmental processes and climate change significantly influence other environmental factors, with coefficients as follows: (4) 0.671, (1) 0.659, (2) 0.553, (5) 0.449, and (6) 0.352. Climate change ranked highest in priority (4.38/5), followed by aquatic habitat sustainability (4.35/5), land subsidence (4.21/5), and water quality (4.17/5). Sustainability factors had a uniform impact distribution (3.92/5 ± 0.83), indicating general agreement on how important these factors are. The findings emphasize the urgent need for climate change mitigation, improved governance, and collaborative strategies to enhance sustainability. Key sustainability aspects identified include aquatic habitat stability, biodiversity conservation, soil and water quality, air pollution control, and climate adaptation, aligning with the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs 6, 13, and 15). This study highlights the need to integrate ecological, climatic, and socio-economic indicators for effective environmental monitoring and policymaking. It contributes to advancing international environmental governance by integrating climate change, resource management, and ecosystem resilience, offering insights into addressing resource scarcity and promoting cross-disciplinary approaches to sustainability. Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Hydrology Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards Aquatic habitat stability Arid and semi-arid regions Biodiversity conservation Climate adaptation Soil and water quality Sustainable development goals (SDGs) Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Introduction In today’s world, environmental sustainability is a fundamental challenge in natural resource management and sustainable development 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . Environmental sustainability helps in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem quality that also has direct results on societal welfare and economic development 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . Climate change is a danger to environmental preservation. It reduces the Earth's ability to provide environmental services 12 . These ecosystem services help clean water, produce oxygen, and store carbon in the environment. Climate change causes higher global temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, melting of polar ice, rising sea levels, and other related environmental effects. In recent decades, climate change has become more intense and has caused stronger effects across the world 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 . Another big issue with climate change is the decreasing adaptability of human societies to environmental changes 18 . Less developed countries often don't have the infrastructure and resources to deal with the adverse effects of climate change 19 . This limitation prevents them from managing crises and adapting to new conditions, further intensifying environmental challenges 20 . In addition, increasing human pressures on natural resources and ecosystems has reduced environmental viability 21 , 22 . As cities grow and more people live there, they use more water, food, and energy 23 , 24 , 25 . natural resources face significant threats, and ecosystems struggle to meet growing demands. Environmental crises, including water scarcity, air pollution, soil erosion, and severe alterations in ecosystem characteristics, have exacerbated 26 . Unstable use of natural resources in the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors puts more pressure on ecosystems 27 , 28 . Excessive water extraction, deforestation, overuse of soil, and dependence on fossil fuels have degraded these resources. As a result, the ability of natural resources to meet future demands has been limited. Habitat destruction and soil and water pollution further threaten biodiversity and undermine ecosystems' ability to sustain environmental balance. Deforestation, land-use changes, and industrial pollution all harm the environment that humans rely on for life 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 . These changes impact how natural systems work and also have wide-ranging social and economic effects. One big problem is food security, and it is a big worry tied to these changes 33 . If there is less water and farmland, farmers produce less food. Climate change and damaged habitats make this worse, especially in weak areas. As a result, food becomes more expensive, and many people struggle to get enough to eat. Also, declining biodiversity is a big issue with these changes. It is affecting how well ecosystems can work and the essential services they provide 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 . The intensification of environmental inequality is another significant consequence of ecological changes 38 . These changes particularly affect economically and socially vulnerable populations in developing countries. These populations, especially in coastal and arid regions, face heightened vulnerability due to the increasing frequency of natural hazards such as floods, droughts, and storms 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 . Changes in resource availability expose people to severe crises. Therefore, climate change and humans harm natural resources. They change the structure and function of ecosystems. This creates a comprehensive threat to environmental sustainability, social security, and economic development 43 . These challenges show how important it is to manage resources carefully. We need new and better environmental policies to avoid bigger problems to create a more sustainable future. It essential to choose a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to analyze the phenomena affecting environmental sustainability. Various factors are vital in shaping environmental dynamics. These factors include climatic changes, land use modifications, soil and water quality degradation, biodiversity loss, and alterations in ecological interactions. Previous studies show that considering these factors together can lead to real solutions that reduce negative effects and support ecosystems. Gonzalez and da Silveira 44 (1997) explored public awareness and attitudes toward global environmental changes, demonstrating the critical role of media and education in shaping perceptions and promoting individual actions. Hargens 45 (2005) introduced Integral Ecology as a multidimensional framework for understanding environmental phenomena, integrating diverse perspectives to enhance ecological sustainability. More recently, Varotsos 46 (2025) emphasized how remote sensing helps monitor severe environmental events. It is important to understand complex environmental issues and improve weather forecasts. These studies underscore the necessity of holistic and interdisciplinary approaches in addressing environmental challenges effectively. This study aims to closely examine the phenomena and key factors influencing environmental sustainability. It will identify critical patterns and propose methods to improve resource management and mitigate environmental issues. By analyzing these factors, the study offers insights into addressing resource scarcity and promoting cross-disciplinary approaches to sustainability. The results of this research can contribute to better policymaking and enhanced strategies for adapting to and addressing environmental challenges, ultimately advancing international environmental governance by integrating climate change, resource management, and ecosystem resilience. Material and Methods Study Area Iran, located at latitude 32.427908 and longitude 53.688046, covers 1.648 million km² (Fig. 1). It is a country with different climate types, including dry deserts, mild areas, and semi-humid regions. The amount of rainfall in Iran varies greatly. In some parts of the central basin, it can be as low as 35 mm, while in areas near the Caspian Sea, it can reach up to 1500 mm. The overall average annual precipitation across the country is 228 mm 47 , 48 . Iran experiences a variety of environmental problems. The main problems are water scarcity, land degradation, desertification, biodiversity loss, and soil erosion. These issues are made worse by human activities and changes in the climate. With cities growing fast, farming spreading out, and more industries popping up, Iran is a great place to look at the connections between changes in the environment and how we keep things sustainable. Iran is a good example for this research because it has complicated environmental issues, faces a lot of threats from climate change, and deals with growing challenges related to natural resources. Methodology In this study, a comprehensive and multi-layered research methodology was adopted to analyze phenomena and determine factors of environmental sustainability. The methodology encompasses four primary approaches: identifying phenomena and determining factors of environmental sustainability, data analysis, evaluation of the structural equation model, and expert panel assessment (Fig. 2 ). Identifying Phenomena and Determining Factors of Environmental Sustainability A combination of documentary research and field investigation was employed to identify phenomena and determine relevant factors. Documentary research involves a review of articles, research reports, and other related documents. In parallel, field research was carried out through direct engagement with academic researchers, experts, and key stakeholders. The factors influencing environmental sustainability were identified iteratively, and after four rounds of academic research, a structured questionnaire was developed and distributed among 76 experts and academic researchers. The collected data were meticulously analyzed to identify and categorize the influencing phenomena and determining factors on environmental sustainability (Fig. 3 ). Data Analysis The data were analyzed using several key statistical methods. First, statistical tests were conducted to assess the reliability of the variables, check the normality of the data distribution, and determine whether the data were suitable for factor analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize the central tendency and variability of the data. Factor analysis, specifically exploratory factor analysis (EFA), was applied to identify underlying structures within the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) with component rotation was employed to further simplify and interpret the results, revealing the main factors that influence the observed phenomena. These steps were important for getting the data ready for analysis and making sure it met our research goals. All analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics software. Statistical Tests Several statistical tests were performed to examine the differences and relationships between variables. First, Cronbach's alpha test 49 was used to check the internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire. Then, to test the data distribution, a normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) 50 was applied to each variable. Finally, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test 51 and Bartlett's test 52 were conducted to assess whether the data were suitable for factor analysis. Descriptive Analysis descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the overall status of the data and determine the main characteristics of the variables. In this stage, the median, mean, rank of the mean, interquartile range, standard deviation, and rank of the standard deviation for each variable were calculated. These analyses were employed to identify general trends in the data and to examine the distribution of data for different variables. Factor Analysis Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify the structure of factors and group-related variables 53 . Factor analysis, particularly for identifying hidden patterns and relationships between different variables, was applied. This analysis helped identify the main factors and phenomena influencing environmental sustainability. Principal Component Analysis To identify key patterns and latent structures within the data, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed 54 . This method was used for data dimensionality reduction and to determine the principal components that explain the most variance in the data. Component Rotation To obtain a clearer and more interpretable structure from PCA, the varimax rotation technique was utilized 54 . This technique, commonly used in PCA, aims to improve the interpretation of components by rotating the components in a vertical manner and reconfiguring them in a way that maximizes the loadings on specific variables, thus making the interpretation of the components easier. This technique is particularly useful when the goal is to separate components from each other and obtain a more transparent and interpretable structure of the data. Structural Equation Modeling The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed to analyze the relationships between key factors influencing environmental sustainability. This approach enables a thorough evaluation of both direct and indirect effects between different ecological and environmental variables, offering valuable insights into the underlying processes that influence environmental dynamics. All analyses were conducted using SmartPLS software. Validity and Reliability of Structural Equation Modeling To ensure the appropriateness of data collection instruments and questionnaire items, content validity was examined through expert evaluations. These experts included university professors and specialists in the relevant research field. The measurement tool was updated based on feedback from researchers before the final version was completed 55 . Convergent validity assessment and convergent validity were assessed using the average variance extracted (AVE) index, which indicates the percentage of variance explained by latent variables. If each factor has an AVE value over 0.50, it shows that there's a good level of convergent validity 56 . Composite reliability assessment, it was evaluated using composite reliability (rho_c) and adjusted composite reliability (rho_a) indices. These indices measure the reliability of latent constructs. A value above 0.70 for these indices indicates acceptable reliability 53 . Reliability assessment using Cronbach’s alpha, to assess the internal consistency of questionnaire items within each factor, Cronbach’s alpha was used. This index reflects the correlation among the items of a specific factor. A Cronbach’s alpha value exceeding 0.70 suggests acceptable reliability 57 . Expert Panel Assessment A group of academic researchers formed a multidisciplinary panel to address the complexity of environmental sustainability in the context of climate change and natural resource crises. The panel comprised experts in environmental science, water science, sociology, law, spatial planning, financial management, civil engineering, and artificial intelligence. Drawing on their diverse backgrounds, the panel examined the interconnections among various environmental factors, ensuring that the selected components accurately reflected real-world challenges in water and environmental governance. Collaboration across different fields provided a clearer picture of how resources are used sustainably. It also helped to notice important environmental factors and trends. Scenario Development and Future Visions Possible future scenarios of environmental sustainability were developed to provide a strategic vision for addressing environmental challenges. These scenarios look at important factors like changes in rules, new technologies, and help from different people and groups. They show some ways we might reach sustainability that lasts a long time. Indicators for Evaluating Environmental Sustainability A set of indicators was developed and categorized into distinct groups to assess environmental sustainability systematically. These indicators provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing and monitoring ecological, climatic, and socio-economic factors that influence environmental stability. Results and discussions The data in Fig. 4 shows which factors are most important when it comes to environmental impacts and changes in natural resources. The factor "climate change" is ranked highest with an average score of 4.38, reflecting the strong concern over its environmental impact. This finding aligns with previous studies, such as IPCC 58 (2021), which also identified climate change as a primary driver of environmental transformations. "Sustainability and the health of aquatic habitats" come in second, with an average score of 4.35. This shows how important it is to take care of our water resources. Similar concerns have been reported by Onyena and Sam 59 (2025), who identified the degradation of aquatic ecosystems as a critical challenge in sustainable water management. Land subsidence has an average score of 4.21, and Water Quality and Characteristics has 4.17. This shows there is some worry about how stable the land is and the quality of water available. These results are consistent with studies such as Galloway and Burbey 60 (2011), which highlighted the impacts of excessive groundwater extraction on land subsidence and deteriorating water quality. Overall, the findings of this study reinforce previous research emphasizing the interconnectedness of climate change, water resource sustainability, and environmental stability. However, slight differences in prioritization may happen because of variations in regional contexts, methods, and viewpoints of stakeholders. The findings from Table 1 align with several studies that have examined the multifaceted nature of environmental sustainability and its influencing factors. The impact scores are fairly evenly spread, with an average of 3.92 and a standard deviation of 0.83. All factors have a median value of at least 4, and the interquartile range is mostly 1. This suggests that these factors consistently contribute to sustainability concerns. This consistency reflects the broad recognition in the literature that environmental sustainability is shaped by diverse yet equally significant parameters. Moreover, the reliability of the questionnaire, as measured by Cronbach's Alpha (0.935), confirms the internal consistency of the factors assessed. The Cronbach's Alpha values are between 0.930 and 0.935 when each item is removed. This means that removing one item does not change the reliability much. So, no item has a strong effect on the total reliability. This high level of internal consistency reinforces the robustness of the findings and the validity of the identified sustainability factors. For instance, a study by Karmoh Sowah Jr and Kirikkaleli 4 (2022) explored the factors affecting global environmental sustainability, highlighting the intricate interplay between various micro- and macroeconomic elements. Similarly, Marquart-Pyatt 61 (2010) studied the factors affecting ecological footprints in different countries, highlighting the importance of considering ecological, climate, and socio-economic aspects in sustainability assessments. These studies highlight the complexity of environmental sustainability, showing that an integrated and interdisciplinary approach is needed for effective management. Furthermore, research by Purvis et al. 62 (2019) on environmental impact assessment methodologies reported comparable variations in sustainability factors, stressing the interconnectedness of ecological, social, and economic dimensions. Their findings reinforce the importance of holistic environmental management strategies, aligning with the conclusions drawn in this analysis. Table 1 Analysis of phenomena and determining factors of environmental sustainability Factor a Median Mean Rank by Mean Interquartile Range Standard Deviation Rank by Standard Deviation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted b Climate Change ** 5 4.38 1 1 0.81 16 0.932 Sustainability and Health of Aquatic Habitats ** 4 4.35 2 1 0.71 26 0.933 Land Subsidence ** 4 4.21 3 1 0.74 23 0.935 Water Quality and Characteristics ** 4 4.17 4 1 0.81 13 0.935 Sustainability and Functionality of Rangeland and Forest Habitats ** 4 4.13 5 1 0.83 11 0.932 Land use Changes ** 4 4.08 6 1 0.83 10 0.932 Soil Erosion Processes ** 4 4.07 7 1 0.73 24 0.934 Soil Quality and Characteristics ** 4 4.07 8 1 0.77 22 0.935 Transformation in Competition for Limited Water Resources ** 4 4.07 9 1 0.72 25 0.932 Changes in Biodiversity ** 4 4.04 10 1 0.81 15 0.931 Capacity and Resilience of Ecosystems ** 4 4.01 11 1 0.82 12 0.934 Ecological Interactions and Environmental Changes ** 4 3.96 12 0 0.81 14 0.934 Migration and Displacement of Living Organisms ** 4 3.94 13 1 0.86 7 0.931 Changes in Ecosystem Feeding Patterns ** 4 3.93 14 2 0.78 21 0.931 Air Quality and Characteristics ** 4 3.85 15 1 0.84 9 0.934 Water Flow Patterns and Their Changes ** 4 3.81 16 2 0.94 3 0.930 Changes in the Use of Alternative Resources ** 4 3.81 17 1 0.78 20 0.935 Changes in the Features and Boundaries of Arid and Wetland Areas ** 4 3.78 18 2 0.90 5 0.932 Diseases Caused by Changes in Water Quality ** 4 3.76 19 2 1.05 1 0.932 Dynamics and Changes in Species ** 4 3.75 20 1 0.94 4 0.932 Changes in Reproduction and Breeding of Living Organisms ** 4 3.74 21 1 0.97 2 0.932 Changes in Food Chain Structure ** 4 3.71 22 1 0.85 8 0.932 Changes in Relative Crop Performance ** 4 3.68 23 1 0.79 19 0.933 Changes in Bioenergy Sources ** 4 3.63 24 1 0.80 17 0.934 Dynamics and Impacts of Natural Phenomena ** 4 3.60 25 1 0.88 6 0.930 Changes in Immune System and Disease Resistance ** 4 3.53 26 1 0.80 18 0.932 Mean 3.92 0.83 a **, *, and ns represent significance at the 1%, 5%, and non-significance levels, respectively, in the normality test b The total reliability of the questionnaire, measured by Cronbach's Alpha, is 0.935. The results of the KMO and Bartlett tests in Table 2 for assessing sampling adequacy and the homogeneity of the correlation matrix positively indicate the validity of the data for factor analysis. The KMO value is 0.772, which falls within an acceptable range and suggests a satisfactory level of sampling adequacy. In other words, this value confirms that the data are suitable for factor analysis and that the correlations between variables are sufficiently strong. Bartlett's test gave a result of 799.758. The degrees of freedom were 325, and the result was significant because the p-value was 0.000. This indicates that the correlation matrix is quite consistent and clearly different from the identity matrix. Overall, these results confirm that the data are appropriately prepared for conducting factor analysis. Table 2 Analysis of KMO and Bartlett's test results Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0.772 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 799.758 df 325 Sig. 0.000 The overall variance analysis in Table 3 indicates that the factor analysis model effectively explains a substantial portion of the data variance. In the extraction phase, the first six factors account for 70.18% of the total variance, with the first factor contributing the most (39.03%), followed by the second (8.68%) and third (6.88%) factors. Even after rotation, the variance is still spread over these six factors, which helps the model pick up on important data features. This finding matches studies such as Towers et al. 63 (2019), which suggest that when more than 70% of the total variance is explained, it confirms that the extracted factors reliably represent the patterns in the data. These variations are also visually depicted in Fig. 5 . Table 3 Distribution of variance and extracted components in the principal component analysis Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 10.148 39.030 39.030 10.148 39.030 39.030 3.853 14.818 14.818 2 2.258 8.684 47.714 2.258 8.684 47.714 3.438 13.225 28.043 3 1.789 6.880 54.594 1.789 6.880 54.594 3.193 12.282 40.325 4 1.534 5.901 60.494 1.534 5.901 60.494 3.137 12.066 52.391 5 1.439 5.536 66.031 1.439 5.536 66.031 2.454 9.439 61.830 6 1.079 4.152 70.182 1.079 4.152 70.182 2.172 8.352 70.182 7 0.963 3.706 73.888 8 0.890 3.424 77.312 9 0.760 2.922 80.234 10 0.690 2.652 82.886 11 0.633 2.435 85.322 12 0.564 2.170 87.491 13 0.486 1.870 89.361 14 0.399 1.536 90.897 15 0.377 1.450 92.347 16 0.311 1.198 93.545 17 0.304 1.168 94.713 18 0.262 1.009 95.722 19 0.235 0.902 96.624 20 0.203 0.781 97.405 21 0.163 0.627 98.033 22 0.149 0.573 98.606 23 0.136 0.522 99.128 24 0.114 0.439 99.567 25 0.060 0.233 99.800 26 0.052 0.200 100.000 The rotated component matrix in Table 4 shows that the data is split into six clear factors, with each one accounting for a particular segment of the data's variation. The first factor, which includes changes in food chain structures, species dynamics and variations, and biodiversity shifts, carries the highest factor loadings, highlighting ecological impacts related to biodiversity and environmental changes. The second factor, addressing ecosystem resilience and ecological interactions, exhibits high loadings for variables associated with habitat health and sustainability. The third factor encompasses environmental processes and climate change, as well as soil erosion processes, air quality and characteristics, and climate change. The fourth, fifth, and sixth factors include variables such as changes in the immune system of living organisms, changes in relative crop performance, and variations in bioenergy resources. Overall, this analysis provides a better understanding of the complex differences and connections between environmental and ecological changes. Patterns in the data that can be useful for management and research in different areas are also identified. Table 4 Varimax rotated component matrix of factors affecting changes Factor Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 Changes in Food Chain Structure 0.807 0.105 0.237 0.109 0.279 Dynamics and Changes in Species 0.804 0.134 0.259 0.233 Changes in Biodiversity 0.768 0.151 0.270 0.220 0.159 Land Use Changes 0.619 0.233 0.201 0.347 0.114 Changes in Reproduction and Breeding of Living Organisms 0.538 0.239 0.437 0.363 Transformation in Competition for Limited Water Resources 0.454 0.369 0.304 0.304 0.115 Capacity and Resilience of Ecosystems 0.114 0.865 Ecological Interactions and Environmental Changes 0.768 0.228 0.189 Sustainability and Health of Aquatic Habitats 0.291 0.687 0.114 0.268 Sustainability and Functionality of Rangeland and Forest Habitats 0.376 0.674 0.146 0.105 0.136 Changes in Ecosystem Feeding Patterns 0.534 0.272 0.195 0.437 0.386 Soil Erosion Processes 0.143 0.744 0.251 Air Quality and Characteristics 0.229 0.704 -0.166 0.299 Changes in the Features and Boundaries of Arid and Wetland Areas 0.218 0.192 0.658 0.121 0.181 0.199 Climate Change 0.292 0.262 0.627 0.275 Dynamics and Impacts of Natural Phenomena 0.329 0.279 0.561 0.467 0.177 Diseases Caused by Changes in Water Quality 0.309 0.296 0.760 Migration and Displacement of Living Organisms 0.198 0.237 0.735 0.299 0.194 Changes in Immune System and Disease Resistance 0.197 0.131 0.111 0.665 0.276 0.250 Land Subsidence 0.427 -0.163 0.108 0.583 Water Flow Patterns and Their Changes 0.330 0.347 0.389 0.402 0.362 Water Quality and Characteristics 0.171 0.142 0.107 0.801 Soil Quality and Characteristics 0.423 0.733 Changes in Relative Crop Performance 0.263 0.205 0.233 0.715 0.218 Changes in the Use of Alternative Resources 0.187 0.108 0.162 0.853 Changes in Bioenergy Sources 0.208 0.214 0.849 The categorization of environmental and ecological factors in this study (Fig. 6 ) aligns with previous research that has examined the multifaceted impacts of environmental changes. The identification of "Biological and Ecological Transformations" as the first factor aligns with studies emphasizing the impact of biodiversity shifts and interspecies interactions on ecosystem functionality. For instance, Clare et al. 64 (2016) highlight that changes in species composition and densities can significantly influence ecosystem processes, underscoring the importance of biological interactions in maintaining ecosystem functions. Similarly, the second factor, "Ecosystem Resilience and Sustainability" corresponds with resilience theory, which emphasizes an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbances while retaining its essential functions and structure. This idea is explained by the Resilience Alliance 65 . They say ecological resilience means that nature can deal with problems. It can fix itself when something goes wrong. It keeps doing its job and stays as it is 66 , 67 , 68 . The third factor, "Environmental Processes and Climate Change" corresponds with findings by IPCC 58 (2021), where climate change, soil degradation, and air quality variations are highlighted as critical environmental concerns. Additionally, the fourth factor, "Environmental and Ecological Changes" which includes disease outbreaks and land subsidence, aligns with studies examining the health and migration consequences of environmental degradation. For instance, Huning et al. 69 (2024) highlight that environmental degradation, such as land subsidence caused by groundwater extraction, can lead to severe infrastructure damage, adversely affecting human health and contributing to migration. Moreover, research indicates that environmental degradation negatively impacts population health, reducing life expectancy and increasing infant mortality rates, which in turn influence migration patterns. The fifth factor, "Fundamental Resources and Production" aligns with research emphasizing the central role of water and soil resources in sustainable agricultural productivity. Effective management of these resources is crucial for maintaining long-term agricultural productivity and environmental health. For instance, a study published in the World Sustainability Series by Sabir et al. 70 (2024) highlights that sustainable agricultural production depends on effective water management, including determining water needs, employing efficient irrigation methods, and controlling soil moisture. Similarly, the sixth factor, "Transformations in Alternative Resources" resonates with studies exploring shifts in bioenergy resources and alternative energy use as part of sustainable resource management. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) 71 (2021) reports that bioenergy currently accounts for two-thirds of all renewable energy consumption worldwide, underscoring its significance in the transition to sustainable energy sources. Overall, the factor structure in this study provides a comprehensive and structured approach to analyzing environmental sustainability, demonstrating strong consistency with prior research and reinforcing its applicability for environmental policy and resource management. The findings on the path coefficients between environmental processes and climate change and other sustainability factors (Fig. 7 ) align with prior studies emphasizing the integral role of environmental processes and climate change in ecological and resource transformations. For instance, IPCC 58 (2021) reports highlight how climate change, along with processes such as soil erosion and air quality degradation, significantly influences biodiversity shifts, species migration, and disease outbreaks. This is similar to the high path coefficient (0.671) found for environmental and ecological changes in this study. Similar patterns have also been noted in research by Lawlor et al. 72 (2024), which shows climate-driven changes in species distribution along with broader environmental shifts. The strong impact of environmental processes and climate change on biological and ecological transformations (0.659) corresponds with findings by Rockström et al. 73 (2009) on planetary boundaries, where biodiversity loss is closely linked to climate variations and changes in land characteristics. Additionally, Folke et al. 74 (2010) highlight that environmental processes, like how ecosystems interact and changes in habitats, affect resilience. This agrees with the observed coefficient (0.553) for ecosystem resilience and sustainability. The effect of environmental processes and climate change on fundamental resources and production is clearly noticeable. A path coefficient of 0.449 supports this idea. This is similar to what other studies have found when looking at factors like soil erosion and water quality. These studies show that when the environment is harmed, it can significantly affect our ability to grow and produce resources. For instance, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 75 (2018) highlights that soil erosion and land degradation pose significant threats to global food security, compromising the well-being of at least 3.2 billion people worldwide. Furthermore, the lower but notable influence on transformations in alternative resources (path coefficient of 0.352) is consistent with research on climate-driven shifts toward renewable energy sources and the adaptation of resource management strategies. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 76 (2019) reports that global investment in renewable energy capacity reached $ 272.9 billion in 2018, far outstripping investments in new fossil fuel generation, indicating a significant shift toward renewable energy. Overall, these findings provide empirical support for existing literature, reinforcing the necessity of integrating environmental process assessments with climate adaptation strategies to sustain ecosystems and resource availability. The analysis of the validity and reliability values for the factors in Table 5 shows that all factors are highly valid and reliable. The Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and average variance extracted values show that the data is very consistent. This means the data is strong and reliable for each factor. These results underscore the robustness and strength of the proposed model in the study, ensuring that all indices effectively contribute to a flexible and valid factor structure. Overall, the values for all factors show that the model is reliable, confirming that it accurately and consistently analyzes the impacts of environmental processes and climate change. Table 5 Validity and reliability indicators for the model of environmental sustainability Factor Cronbach's alpha Composite reliability (rho_a) Composite reliability (rho_c) Average variance extracted (AVE) Resilience and Sustainability of Ecosystems 0.853 0.869 0.893 0.626 Transformations in Alternative Resources 0.841 0.935 0.924 0.858 Biological and Ecological Transformations 0.890 0.895 0.917 0.649 Environmental and Ecological Changes 0.831 0.877 0.881 0.601 Environmental Processes and Climatic Change 0.836 0.861 0.883 0.603 Fundamental Resources and Production 0.746 0.773 0.853 0.660 The correlation patterns observed in Table 6 align with findings from previous research on environmental systems, emphasizing the interconnected nature of ecological and sustainability-related factors. The correlation of 0.577 between resilience and sustainability of ecosystems and environmental and environmental and ecological changes supports studies highlighting the role of environmental stressors in shaping ecosystem resilience 74 . For instance, the Environmental Literacy Council discusses how environmental stressors can impact ecosystem health and resilience. The strong correlation (0.672) between biological and ecological transformations and Environmental and Ecological Changes aligns with Rockström et al. 73 (2009), who emphasize the impact of environmental dynamics on biodiversity and ecosystem stability. The correlation of 0.543 between biological and ecological transformations and the resilience and sustainability of ecosystems indicates that biodiversity shifts are closely tied to ecosystem adaptability. This relationship is supported by studies by Loreau et al. 77 (2001) highlighting the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem stability and functionality. For instance, research has shown that biodiversity loss can impair ecosystem processes, leading to reduced resilience against environmental changes. The low correlation of 0.19 between transformations in alternative resources and fundamental resources and production shows that these transformations in alternative resources and fundamental resources and production could occur independently or respond differently to environmental pressures. This observation aligns with Steffen et al. 78 (2015), who discuss the complex interactions within resource systems and the necessity for integrated environmental assessments. Such assessments can provide a foundation for further multivariate or network-based analyses to explore dynamic interdependencies within environmental systems. Table 6 Correlation matrix analysis of the model of environmental sustainability Factor Resilience and Sustainability of Ecosystems Transformations in Alternative Resources Biological and Ecological Transformations Environmental and Ecological Changes Fundamental Resources and Production Resilience and Sustainability of Ecosystems 1 Transformations in Alternative Resources 0.308 1 Biological and Ecological Transformations 0.543 0.442 1 Environmental and Ecological Changes 0.577 0.344 0.672 1 Fundamental Resources and Production 0.475 0.19 0.328 0.514 1 The scenario-based analysis in Table 7 aligns with previous research on sustainable development and environmental resilience, emphasizing the importance of proactive management strategies for mitigating human and climate-induced impacts. The table outlines various future-oriented scenarios and strategic visions for sustainable development, natural resource management, and environmental protection. These scenarios encompass key factors such as aquatic habitat sustainability, ecosystem resilience, biodiversity conservation, soil and water quality, air pollution, climate change impacts, and the dynamics of natural phenomena. For example, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 79 (2005) explored different environmental change scenarios, demonstrating how protective strategies—such as sustainable land and water management—can enhance ecosystem resilience and mitigate biodiversity loss. Similarly, IPCC reports (e.g., IPCC 58 (2021)) highlight the role of adaptive policies and climate mitigation measures in reducing long-term environmental risks. The strategies outlined in Table 8 align with these findings, emphasizing the importance of sustainable water resource management, conservation programs, pollution control, and integrated environmental policies. Furthermore, Holling 68 (1973) introduced the concept of resilience in ecological systems, arguing that scenario-based planning allows for better adaptation to uncertainties in environmental change. The forward-looking strategies in Table 8 reflect this view by focusing on important ecological and environmental issues, such as managing soil erosion, adapting to climate change, improving water flow, planning land use, and protecting biodiversity. By simulating and analyzing the effects of environmental pressures, these scenarios provide actionable strategies for enhancing ecological balance, mitigating environmental degradation, and promoting sustainable resource management. Overall, the findings reinforce the broader scientific consensus that integrated scenario planning is crucial for strengthening natural resource management and reducing the negative consequences of human activities on the environment. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a structured approach to scenario evaluation, helping policymakers and researchers develop more effective environmental conservation strategies. The variety of factors listed in Table 8 shows how different parts of the environment are connected and emphasizes the need for broad, forward-thinking management strategies to ensure long-term sustainability. Table 7 Scenarios and visions for environmental sustainability Factors Scenario Future Visions Air Quality and Characteristics Analysis of the impact of industrial, urban, and climatic changes on air characteristics and quality and their impacts on public health. Development of strategies to reduce air pollution and improve air quality through sustainable environmental and industrial policies. Soil Erosion Processes Analysis of the effects of climate change and human activities on soil erosion processes and loss of fertile soil. Development of soil erosion management programs for the protection of agricultural land and the improvement of soil quality. Changes in the Features and Boundaries of Arid and Wetland Areas Simulation of changes in the characteristics and boundaries of arid and wetland areas, particularly under the influence of climate change and human activities. Development of conservation strategies for the preservation and restoration of arid and wetland areas and reducing the impacts of climate change on these areas. Climate Change Simulation of local and global climate changes and their impacts on natural resources and ecosystems. Development of strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change through climate adaptation and greenhouse gas reduction. Dynamics and Impacts of Natural Phenomena Analysis of the dynamics and effects of natural phenomena like floods, droughts, and storms on ecosystems and natural resources. Development of strategies to address the effects of natural phenomena and reduce the damage they cause to natural resources and the environment. Land Subsidence Groundwater Over-extraction and Human Activities: Analysis of the impact of excessive groundwater extraction and human activities on land subsidence and its effects on infrastructure and natural resources. Development of groundwater management programs and policies to control excessive extraction and prevent land subsidence. Migration and Displacement of Living Organisms Climate Change and Environmental Changes: Analysis of the effects of climate change and environmental changes on the migration patterns and displacement of species in ecosystems. Development of conservation strategies for species migration management in response to environmental changes. Water Flow Patterns and Their Changes Simulation of changes in water flow patterns due to climate change, water consumption patterns, and their effects on water resources. Development of strategies for optimizing the use of water resources and managing water flow patterns to ensure the sustainability of water resources. Changes in Immune System and Disease Resistance Environmental and Climatic Changes: Analysis of the impacts of environmental changes, particularly climate change, on the immune systems and disease resistance of living organisms. Development of protective and research programs to improve the immune systems of living organisms and reduce their vulnerability to diseases. Diseases Caused by Changes in Water Quality Water Quality Changes: Simulation of the effects of water quality changes on the spread of waterborne diseases and related health issues. Development of strategies to improve water quality and prevent waterborne diseases through better treatment processes and public health management. Changes in Reproduction and Breeding of Living Organisms Climate and Environmental Changes: Simulation of the effects of climatic and environmental changes on reproductive patterns and breeding of different species. Development of conservation strategies to preserve reproductive processes and prevent population declines in species. Transformation in Competition for Limited Water Resources Climate Change, Population Growth, and Human Activities: Analysis of the impacts of climate change, population growth, and human activities on competition for limited water resources and the consequences. Development of integrated water resource management strategies to reduce water-related tensions and competition at local and global levels. Land Use Changes Impact of Land Use Changes: Analysis of the effects of land use changes on ecosystems, water resources, soil quality, and sustainable development. Development of land use management programs to balance agricultural use with environmental conservation. Changes in Biodiversity Climate Change, Pollution, and Land Use: Simulation of the effects of climate change, pollution, and land use changes on biodiversity and species decline. Development of conservation programs to preserve biodiversity and prevent species extinction in the face of environmental threats. Dynamics and Changes in Species Environmental Changes, Especially Climate Change: Analysis of the impact of environmental changes, particularly climate change, on the growth patterns and distribution of species. Development of species conservation and ecosystem management strategies to address changes and mitigate their negative effects. Changes in Food Chain Structure Environmental and Climatic Changes: Simulation of the effects of environmental and climatic changes on the structure and dynamics of food chains in ecosystems. Development of strategies to maintain balance in food chains and mitigate the effects of environmental changes on ecosystem health. Ecological Interactions and Environmental Changes Analysis of changes in interactions between species and ecosystems and their impacts on environmental sustainability. Development of conservation programs to preserve and strengthen healthy and balanced ecological interactions within ecosystems. Capacity and Resilience of Ecosystems Simulation of the effects of environmental pressures (climate change, pollution, etc.) on ecosystem resilience to changes. Development of strategies to strengthen ecosystem resilience through improved natural resource management and environmental damage reduction. Changes in Ecosystem Feeding Patterns Simulation of changes in ecosystem feeding resources (nutrients, energy sources, etc.) and their effects on ecosystem performance. Development of strategies to manage nutrient resources for the sustainability and health of ecosystems and to reduce environmental degradation. Sustainability and health of aquatic habitats Simulation of the effects of climate change and human activities on the sustainability and health of aquatic habitats and water resources. Development of strategies to preserve and enhance the health of aquatic habitats through sustainable water resource management and pollution reduction. Sustainability and Functionality of Rangeland and Forest Habitats Analysis of the impact of climate change and land use changes on the sustainability and performance of rangeland and forest habitats. Development of conservation and restoration programs for rangeland and forest habitats to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem health. Water Quality and Characteristics Analysis of the impact of environmental changes and human activities on the characteristics and quality of water in ecosystems. Development of programs to reduce water pollution and enhance water quality through improved treatment processes and resource management. Changes in Relative crop Performance Climate Change, Water Resources, and Agricultural Technology: Simulation of the effects of climate change, water resources, and agricultural technologies on crop yield variations. Development of strategies for optimizing agricultural productivity through innovative technologies and efficient use of natural resources. Soil Quality and Characteristics Simulation of the impacts of climate change, agricultural activities, and land use changes on the characteristics and quality of soil. Development of soil quality improvement and conservation programs through sustainable farming and soil resource management. Changes in the Use of Alternative Resources Climate Crisis and Environmental Changes: Simulation of changes in the use of alternative resources such as renewable energy and non-conventional water sources in response to environmental crises. Development of technologies and policies supporting the sustainable use of alternative resources to reduce pressure on natural resources. Changes in Bioenergy Sources Climate Change, Environmental Pressures, and Technological Development: Analysis of the impacts of climate change, environmental pressures, and technological advancements on biomass energy resources and their exploitability. Development of sustainable technologies and strategies for utilizing biomass energy resources and reducing environmental impacts. The proposed indicators for evaluating environmental sustainability in Table 8 align with previous studies that have developed frameworks for assessing ecological and human-induced environmental changes. Similar approaches have been employed in studies such as OECD 80 (2001) and UNEP 81 (2019), which categorize environmental indicators into ecological, climatic, and socio-economic dimensions to support sustainable policy development. The classification of indicators in this study is comparable to the DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response) framework introduced by the European Environment Agency (EEA 82 (1999)), which systematically links environmental changes to their causes and consequences. Also, the focus on monitoring human activities and their environmental impacts matches the work of Rockström et al. 73 (2009) and their planetary boundaries framework, which identifies important indicators for sustainable environmental management. Also, bringing together ecological, environmental, and human-related factors is linked to the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs). This is especially true for SDG 6 (water and sanitation), SDG 13 (climate action), and SDG 15 (life on land). This helps show how the study can be helpful in real-world environmental monitoring and decision-making. Overall, the indicator-based approach in this study is consistent with global methodologies, supporting its effectiveness in tracking and managing environmental sustainability across diverse ecological and socio-economic contexts. Table 8 Proposed indicators of phenomena and determining factors of environmental sustainability Factor Indicator Unit of Measurement Air Quality and Characteristics Air pollutants levels (PM10, CO, SOx, and NOx) Micrograms per cubic meter Air temperature and relative humidity (key weather elements affecting life quality and biological conditions) Degrees Celsius and percentage Ratio of greenhouse gas emissions to energy production Kilograms of CO2 equivalent per kilowatt-hour Soil Erosion Processes Soil erosion rate (tons per hectare per year) Tons/hectare/year Vegetative cover index in eroded areas (percentage of vegetation that helps to preserve soil) Percentage Ratio of changes in soil structure in eroded areas (degree of reduction or change in soil physical and chemical properties) Percentage Changes in the Features and Boundaries of Arid and Wetland Areas Precipitation changes index (change in precipitation amounts in dry and wet areas) Millimeters Vegetative cover in dry and wet areas (percentage of vegetation that can serve as an ecosystem change indicator) Percentage Ratio of changes in wet and dry area sizes over time (boundary changes due to climate change or human activities) Percentage Climate Change Changes in average annual temperature (rate of temperature change over time, globally or locally) Degrees Celsius/year Changes in precipitation patterns (amount and temporal distribution of rainfall indicating regional climate changes) Millimeters/year Greenhouse gas increase (CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions directly linked to climate change) Million tons of CO2 equivalent Dynamics and Impacts of Natural phenomena Frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events (number and severity of floods or droughts over a specific period) Number and intensity Economic damage due to natural phenomena (economic costs related to floods, droughts, or other natural disasters) Million dollars Drought severity index (SPI) (measuring droughts based on precipitation and evaporation changes) SPI number Land subsidence Rate of land subsidence (mm/year) Millimeters/year Affected areas of land subsidence (geographical areas severely impacted by land subsidence) Square kilometers Changes in geological structure and land settlement (analysis of changes in geological structure, such as cracks or abnormal land subsidence) Percentage Migration and Displacement of Living Organisms Migration rate index Kilometers/year Changes in migration patterns index Percentage change Species adaptation to new environments index Percentage of adaptation Water Flow Patterns and Their Changes Surface flow index (Streamflow Index) (amount of water flow in rivers or streams indicating changes in water patterns) Cubic meters per second Changes in lake and reservoir water volume (changes in lake or reservoir water levels indicating changes in water resources) Cubic meters Changes in groundwater flow ratio (changes in groundwater flow indicating the impact of climate and human changes) Percentage Changes in Immune System and Disease Resistance Disease resistance index Index from 0 to 1 Disease incidence rate index Number of disease cases General health index of species Index from 0 to 1 Diseases Caused by Changes in Water Quality Water-related disease incidence rate Number of disease cases Water quality index and its impact on health Water quality index Waterborne disease burden index Number of waterborne disease cases Changes in Reproduction and Breeding of Living Organisms Fertility rate index Offspring per individual Changes in breeding period index Percentage change Success in survival index Percentage survival Transformation in Competition for Limited Water Resources Water resource competition index Percentage allocation of resources Water allocation rate to different sectors Cubic meters/year Inequality index in access to water resources Access ratio Land Use Changes Land use change index Percentage change in area Ratio of changes in agricultural land to non-agricultural land Percentage change Sustainable development index in land use Index from 0 to 1 Changes in Biodiversity Biodiversity Index (measuring species diversity in an ecosystem, especially related to environmental changes or water resources) Biodiversity index number Rate of increase or decrease in endangered species (comparison of endangered species numbers due to environmental changes like water resource variations) Percentage Habitat Change Index (measuring the reduction or alteration of natural habitats linked to water resources) Percentage Dynamics and Changes in Species Rate of changes in species population Population change percentage Migration and displacement of species Kilometers/year Seasonal or annual changes in species dynamics Percentage change Changes in Food Chain Structure Disruption in food chain structure index Index from 0 to 1 Rate of changes in feeding relationships between species Percentage change Changes in the diversity of feeding species Number of species Ecological Interactions and Environmental Changes Ratio of symbiotic to competitive species in ecosystems Ratio Habitat change index due to human activities (land use change, pollution) Number or percentage Food web health index (such as key species density) Number or percentage Capacity and Resilience of Ecosystems Ecosystem recovery time after natural disasters (months/years) Months/years Changes in ecosystem performance (such as reduction in erosion rate or improvement in soil quality) Percentage change Ecosystem flexibility index (ability to maintain core functions despite changes) Number or percentage Changes in Ecosystem Feeding Patterns Change in the proportion of natural food sources vs artificial ones (percentage) Percentage Change in the biomass of species dependent on primary food sources (grams per square meter) Grams/square meter Index of decrease or increase in primary food chains (such as reduction in apex predators) Number or percentage Sustainability and Health of Aquatic Habitats Aquatic species biodiversity index (including the number of native and non-native species) Number of species Water quality of aquatic habitats (chemical, physical, and biological parameters such as DO, BOD, and pH) Water quality parameters Area of protected aquatic regions compared to total aquatic habitats Percentage Sustainability and Functionality of Rangeland and Forest Habitats Vegetative cover density in rangelands and forests (kilograms of forage per hectare) Kilograms/hectare Soil erosion rate in rangeland and forest habitats (tons per hectare per year) Tons/hectare/year Grazing capacity and sustainable utilization of pastures (livestock per hectare) Livestock/hectare Water Quality and Characteristics Water pH (acidity or alkalinity level) pH Dissolved oxygen (DO) (amount of oxygen in water essential for aquatic life) Milligrams per liter Nutrient levels (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) in water and the amount of food pollutants that can cause eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems Milligrams per liter Changes in Relative Crop Performance Crop yield change index Kilograms/hectare Ratio of crop yield to water consumption Kilograms/cubic meter Impact of water resource changes on crop quality Percentage decrease in quality Soil Quality and Characteristics Soil particle composition (sand, clay, silt) (percentage of soil particles affecting permeability and water retention capacity) Percentage of particles Organic content in soil (percentage of organic matter in soil affecting fertility and structure) Percentage Heavy metal concentration in soil (such as lead, cadmium, and mercury) Milligrams per kilogram Changes in the Use of Alternative Resources Index of adoption of alternative resources Percentage use of alternative resources Rate of changes in the use of alternative resources across sectors Percentage change Success rate in substituting natural resources Percentage success Changes in Bioenergy Sources Bioenergy production index Megawatts/year Ratio of water use in bioenergy production Percentage of water consumption Rate of changes in bioresource utilization for energy Percentage change Conclusion This study identified six key factors influencing environmental sustainability and their interconnected effects on ecosystem resilience. Path coefficient analysis highlighted that environmental processes and climate change are primary drivers shaping environmental and ecological changes, biological and ecological transformations, resilience and sustainability of ecosystems, fundamental resources and production, and transformations in alternative resources. These findings emphasize the need for proactive climate change management, improved governance strategies, and collaborative initiatives to enhance sustainability. The study also underscores the importance of integrating ecological, climatic, and socio-economic indicators for effective environmental monitoring and policymaking. The scenario-based approach highlights key sustainability aspects, including aquatic habitat stability, biodiversity conservation, soil and water quality, air pollution control, and climate adaptation. Furthermore, the study aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (water and sanitation), SDG 13 (climate action), and SDG 15 (life on land), reinforcing its relevance for environmental governance. This study supports global sustainability goals by providing a clear framework that brings together climate change, resource management, and ecosystem resilience to help improve international environmental decisions. It helps future research by focusing on flexible management and climate action, giving practical ideas for dealing with resource shortages in sensitive areas. This work not only contributes to shaping policy but also lays the foundation for innovative, cross-disciplinary approaches to environmental sustainability in the face of global challenges. Future research should focus on the practical implementation of adaptive management techniques, further exploration of artificial intelligence applications, and the integration of climate change models to enhance ecosystem resilience and optimize resource use. These efforts will contribute to developing actionable sustainability policies and long-term conservation strategies. Declarations Acknowledgements The authors sincerely appreciate all those who supported this study. Special appreciation is extended to to the academic researchers, experts, and stakeholders whose valuable perspectives, shared through interviews and discussions, greatly enriched this research. Ethical Approval: Not applicable Consent to Participate The authors declare they have consent to participate . Consent to Publish The authors declare they have consent to publication. Author Contributions M.N. Farahza was responsible for conceptualizing and designing the research framework, supervising the study, collecting and analyzing the data, and contributing to the writing of the manuscript. B. Nazari participated in the development of the research framework, supervised the overall process, contributed to manuscript preparation, and carried out critical revisions. M.R. Nikoo provided expert consultation throughout the research and made essential contributions to the manuscript's revision. M.S. Naeini contributed to the conceptual design, played a major role in data collection and analysis, and collaborated in manuscript writing. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. Funding No funding was received for conducting this study . Competing Interests The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose . 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Mechanisms, detection and impacts of species redistributions under climate change. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 5 , 351–368 (2024). Rockström, J. et al. Planetary boundaries: Exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecol. Soc. 14 , (2009). Folke, C. et al. Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecol. Soc. 15 , (2010). Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Global Symposium on Soil Erosion: Key Messages. (2018). UNEP. UNEP Annual Report 2019. United Nations Environment Programme. (2019). Loreau, M. et al. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenges. Science 294 , 804–808 (2001). Steffen, W. et al. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 347 , 1259855 (2015). Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis (Island, 2005). OECD. OECD Environmental Indicators. Towards Sustainable Development 2001 (OECD Publishing, 2001). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2019. (2019). European Environment Agency (EEA). Environmental indicators: Typology and overview. EEA Technical report No 25/1999. (1999). Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6582962","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":460891724,"identity":"d568d79d-8b33-4802-af43-13154429d044","order_by":0,"name":"Mohammad Navid Farahza","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Imam Khomeini International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"Navid","lastName":"Farahza","suffix":""},{"id":460891728,"identity":"f9186603-2053-4ed8-a9d4-e46c1c913c51","order_by":1,"name":"Bijan Nazari","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACA2YIzcMPFeAhXotkAzOxWuCMA8xEOsycnffgxx8192SMb+QfYPhRwyBj3kBAi2UzX7KExLFiHrMbyQyMPccYeGQOEHLYYR4DCQO2BLAWBt4GBh4JQg4DajH+kfAvgcd4BtCWv0RqMZM42JYAtCuZgZkoWyybecwsG/sSeCTOPDY4LHNMgrAWc/4zxjd/fEuw529PfPjwTY2NPUEtKOAAAwNpGkbBKBgFo2AU4AAAMnQxjuvbVYAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Tehran","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bijan","middleName":"","lastName":"Nazari","suffix":""},{"id":460891729,"identity":"391219fa-244e-406a-8084-0407d24e6538","order_by":2,"name":"Mohammad Reza Nikoo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sultan Qaboos University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"Reza","lastName":"Nikoo","suffix":""},{"id":460891731,"identity":"c216331b-ad88-42df-b002-8f195488e1d6","order_by":3,"name":"Mahkameh Sadat Naeini","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Imam Khomeini International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahkameh","middleName":"Sadat","lastName":"Naeini","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-03 08:38:14","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6582962/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6582962/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83447545,"identity":"8ad7c6ab-9cd4-47f9-87ef-40b94ae00858","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 11:43:12","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":88134,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLocation and overview of Iran\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6582962/v1/cddffe5ed4d29204c0621372.png"},{"id":83447548,"identity":"a514d205-ec75-4a27-8221-fc6ff41e6873","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 11:43:12","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":620180,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eConceptual research model\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6582962/v1/afa33bb28b4b87d3eaac3629.png"},{"id":83447549,"identity":"f0d439e4-a334-4857-b0b1-c91c930d062c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 11:43:12","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":960052,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePhenomena and determining factors of environmental sustainability\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6582962/v1/0758ee92c53d1245dff20c9b.png"},{"id":83447553,"identity":"88639896-d597-4d7c-9436-f415140c95dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 11:43:12","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":21341,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe impact of phenomena and determining factors of environmental sustainability\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6582962/v1/d77dd3e63cd16527fe8fa27c.png"},{"id":83447546,"identity":"33ed4005-8edf-4738-bcf8-b2f3b0b89ec5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 11:43:12","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":6223,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eIdentification of the number of principal components in the principal component analysis\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6582962/v1/6b07a5bc80792844c612bd17.png"},{"id":83447654,"identity":"4bfd3302-bfa5-4aac-8ef4-4a9b726d940c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 11:51:12","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":278322,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eModel of phenomena and determining factors of environmental sustainability\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6582962/v1/424d75f08a1a5ab1d8a6d876.png"},{"id":83448476,"identity":"ea216682-3330-48f1-8bd6-5c06c2704bcd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-26 12:07:12","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":571751,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eModel of environmental sustainability\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6582962/v1/ab4a8db2483354d1a1db4cc1.png"},{"id":92864170,"identity":"00d11413-ab78-457a-9829-602231d2b8d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 12:47:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":6343194,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6582962/v1/0522dd28-dcdd-4d36-ba8a-70e8ec42cd03.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"From Climate Change to Environmental Sustainability: Analyzing Phenomena and Determining Factors","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn today\u0026rsquo;s world, environmental sustainability is a fundamental challenge in natural resource management and sustainable development\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Environmental sustainability helps in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem quality that also has direct results on societal welfare and economic development\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Climate change is a danger to environmental preservation. It reduces the Earth's ability to provide environmental services\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. These ecosystem services help clean water, produce oxygen, and store carbon in the environment. Climate change causes higher global temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, melting of polar ice, rising sea levels, and other related environmental effects. In recent decades, climate change has become more intense and has caused stronger effects across the world\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Another big issue with climate change is the decreasing adaptability of human societies to environmental changes\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Less developed countries often don't have the infrastructure and resources to deal with the adverse effects of climate change\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. This limitation prevents them from managing crises and adapting to new conditions, further intensifying environmental challenges\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition, increasing human pressures on natural resources and ecosystems has reduced environmental viability\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. As cities grow and more people live there, they use more water, food, and energy\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. natural resources face significant threats, and ecosystems struggle to meet growing demands. Environmental crises, including water scarcity, air pollution, soil erosion, and severe alterations in ecosystem characteristics, have exacerbated\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Unstable use of natural resources in the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors puts more pressure on ecosystems\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Excessive water extraction, deforestation, overuse of soil, and dependence on fossil fuels have degraded these resources. As a result, the ability of natural resources to meet future demands has been limited. Habitat destruction and soil and water pollution further threaten biodiversity and undermine ecosystems' ability to sustain environmental balance. Deforestation, land-use changes, and industrial pollution all harm the environment that humans rely on for life\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. These changes impact how natural systems work and also have wide-ranging social and economic effects. One big problem is food security, and it is a big worry tied to these changes\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. If there is less water and farmland, farmers produce less food. Climate change and damaged habitats make this worse, especially in weak areas. As a result, food becomes more expensive, and many people struggle to get enough to eat. Also, declining biodiversity is a big issue with these changes. It is affecting how well ecosystems can work and the essential services they provide\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The intensification of environmental inequality is another significant consequence of ecological changes\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. These changes particularly affect economically and socially vulnerable populations in developing countries. These populations, especially in coastal and arid regions, face heightened vulnerability due to the increasing frequency of natural hazards such as floods, droughts, and storms\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Changes in resource availability expose people to severe crises. Therefore, climate change and humans harm natural resources. They change the structure and function of ecosystems. This creates a comprehensive threat to environmental sustainability, social security, and economic development\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. These challenges show how important it is to manage resources carefully. We need new and better environmental policies to avoid bigger problems to create a more sustainable future. It essential to choose a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to analyze the phenomena affecting environmental sustainability. Various factors are vital in shaping environmental dynamics. These factors include climatic changes, land use modifications, soil and water quality degradation, biodiversity loss, and alterations in ecological interactions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious studies show that considering these factors together can lead to real solutions that reduce negative effects and support ecosystems. Gonzalez and da Silveira\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (1997) explored public awareness and attitudes toward global environmental changes, demonstrating the critical role of media and education in shaping perceptions and promoting individual actions. Hargens\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2005) introduced Integral Ecology as a multidimensional framework for understanding environmental phenomena, integrating diverse perspectives to enhance ecological sustainability. More recently, Varotsos\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2025) emphasized how remote sensing helps monitor severe environmental events. It is important to understand complex environmental issues and improve weather forecasts. These studies underscore the necessity of holistic and interdisciplinary approaches in addressing environmental challenges effectively. This study aims to closely examine the phenomena and key factors influencing environmental sustainability. It will identify critical patterns and propose methods to improve resource management and mitigate environmental issues. By analyzing these factors, the study offers insights into addressing resource scarcity and promoting cross-disciplinary approaches to sustainability. The results of this research can contribute to better policymaking and enhanced strategies for adapting to and addressing environmental challenges, ultimately advancing international environmental governance by integrating climate change, resource management, and ecosystem resilience.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Material and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Area\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIran, located at latitude 32.427908 and longitude 53.688046, covers 1.648\u0026nbsp;million km² (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1). It is a country with different climate types, including dry deserts, mild areas, and semi-humid regions. The amount of rainfall in Iran varies greatly. In some parts of the central basin, it can be as low as 35 mm, while in areas near the Caspian Sea, it can reach up to 1500 mm. The overall average annual precipitation across the country is 228 mm\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Iran experiences a variety of environmental problems. The main problems are water scarcity, land degradation, desertification, biodiversity loss, and soil erosion. These issues are made worse by human activities and changes in the climate. With cities growing fast, farming spreading out, and more industries popping up, Iran is a great place to look at the connections between changes in the environment and how we keep things sustainable. Iran is a good example for this research because it has complicated environmental issues, faces a lot of threats from climate change, and deals with growing challenges related to natural resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMethodology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, a comprehensive and multi-layered research methodology was adopted to analyze phenomena and determine factors of environmental sustainability. The methodology encompasses four primary approaches: identifying phenomena and determining factors of environmental sustainability, data analysis, evaluation of the structural equation model, and expert panel assessment (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIdentifying Phenomena and Determining Factors of Environmental Sustainability\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA combination of documentary research and field investigation was employed to identify phenomena and determine relevant factors. Documentary research involves a review of articles, research reports, and other related documents. In parallel, field research was carried out through direct engagement with academic researchers, experts, and key stakeholders. The factors influencing environmental sustainability were identified iteratively, and after four rounds of academic research, a structured questionnaire was developed and distributed among 76 experts and academic researchers. The collected data were meticulously analyzed to identify and categorize the influencing phenomena and determining factors on environmental sustainability (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data were analyzed using several key statistical methods. First, statistical tests were conducted to assess the reliability of the variables, check the normality of the data distribution, and determine whether the data were suitable for factor analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize the central tendency and variability of the data. Factor analysis, specifically exploratory factor analysis (EFA), was applied to identify underlying structures within the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) with component rotation was employed to further simplify and interpret the results, revealing the main factors that influence the observed phenomena. These steps were important for getting the data ready for analysis and making sure it met our research goals. All analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics software.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStatistical Tests\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral statistical tests were performed to examine the differences and relationships between variables. First, Cronbach's alpha test\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e was used to check the internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire. Then, to test the data distribution, a normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov)\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e was applied to each variable. Finally, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and Bartlett's test\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e were conducted to assess whether the data were suitable for factor analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDescriptive Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003edescriptive analysis was used to evaluate the overall status of the data and determine the main characteristics of the variables. In this stage, the median, mean, rank of the mean, interquartile range, standard deviation, and rank of the standard deviation for each variable were calculated. These analyses were employed to identify general trends in the data and to examine the distribution of data for different variables.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFactor Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify the structure of factors and group-related variables\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Factor analysis, particularly for identifying hidden patterns and relationships between different variables, was applied. This analysis helped identify the main factors and phenomena influencing environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePrincipal Component Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo identify key patterns and latent structures within the data, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. This method was used for data dimensionality reduction and to determine the principal components that explain the most variance in the data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eComponent Rotation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo obtain a clearer and more interpretable structure from PCA, the varimax rotation technique was utilized\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. This technique, commonly used in PCA, aims to improve the interpretation of components by rotating the components in a vertical manner and reconfiguring them in a way that maximizes the loadings on specific variables, thus making the interpretation of the components easier. This technique is particularly useful when the goal is to separate components from each other and obtain a more transparent and interpretable structure of the data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStructural Equation Modeling\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed to analyze the relationships between key factors influencing environmental sustainability. This approach enables a thorough evaluation of both direct and indirect effects between different ecological and environmental variables, offering valuable insights into the underlying processes that influence environmental dynamics. All analyses were conducted using SmartPLS software.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eValidity and Reliability of Structural Equation Modeling\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo ensure the appropriateness of data collection instruments and questionnaire items, content validity was examined through expert evaluations. These experts included university professors and specialists in the relevant research field. The measurement tool was updated based on feedback from researchers before the final version was completed\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Convergent validity assessment and convergent validity were assessed using the average variance extracted (AVE) index, which indicates the percentage of variance explained by latent variables. If each factor has an AVE value over 0.50, it shows that there's a good level of convergent validity\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Composite reliability assessment, it was evaluated using composite reliability (rho_c) and adjusted composite reliability (rho_a) indices. These indices measure the reliability of latent constructs. A value above 0.70 for these indices indicates acceptable reliability\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Reliability assessment using Cronbach’s alpha, to assess the internal consistency of questionnaire items within each factor, Cronbach’s alpha was used. This index reflects the correlation among the items of a specific factor. A Cronbach’s alpha value exceeding 0.70 suggests acceptable reliability\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eExpert Panel Assessment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA group of academic researchers formed a multidisciplinary panel to address the complexity of environmental sustainability in the context of climate change and natural resource crises. The panel comprised experts in environmental science, water science, sociology, law, spatial planning, financial management, civil engineering, and artificial intelligence. Drawing on their diverse backgrounds, the panel examined the interconnections among various environmental factors, ensuring that the selected components accurately reflected real-world challenges in water and environmental governance. Collaboration across different fields provided a clearer picture of how resources are used sustainably. It also helped to notice important environmental factors and trends.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eScenario Development and Future Visions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePossible future scenarios of environmental sustainability were developed to provide a strategic vision for addressing environmental challenges. These scenarios look at important factors like changes in rules, new technologies, and help from different people and groups. They show some ways we might reach sustainability that lasts a long time.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eIndicators for Evaluating Environmental Sustainability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA set of indicators was developed and categorized into distinct groups to assess environmental sustainability systematically. These indicators provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing and monitoring ecological, climatic, and socio-economic factors that influence environmental stability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e "},{"header":"Results and discussions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe data in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows which factors are most important when it comes to environmental impacts and changes in natural resources. The factor \"climate change\" is ranked highest with an average score of 4.38, reflecting the strong concern over its environmental impact. This finding aligns with previous studies, such as IPCC\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2021), which also identified climate change as a primary driver of environmental transformations. \"Sustainability and the health of aquatic habitats\" come in second, with an average score of 4.35. This shows how important it is to take care of our water resources. Similar concerns have been reported by Onyena and Sam\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e59\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2025), who identified the degradation of aquatic ecosystems as a critical challenge in sustainable water management. Land subsidence has an average score of 4.21, and Water Quality and Characteristics has 4.17. This shows there is some worry about how stable the land is and the quality of water available. These results are consistent with studies such as Galloway and Burbey\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2011), which highlighted the impacts of excessive groundwater extraction on land subsidence and deteriorating water quality. Overall, the findings of this study reinforce previous research emphasizing the interconnectedness of climate change, water resource sustainability, and environmental stability. However, slight differences in prioritization may happen because of variations in regional contexts, methods, and viewpoints of stakeholders.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e align with several studies that have examined the multifaceted nature of environmental sustainability and its influencing factors. The impact scores are fairly evenly spread, with an average of 3.92 and a standard deviation of 0.83. All factors have a median value of at least 4, and the interquartile range is mostly 1. This suggests that these factors consistently contribute to sustainability concerns. This consistency reflects the broad recognition in the literature that environmental sustainability is shaped by diverse yet equally significant parameters. Moreover, the reliability of the questionnaire, as measured by Cronbach's Alpha (0.935), confirms the internal consistency of the factors assessed. The Cronbach's Alpha values are between 0.930 and 0.935 when each item is removed. This means that removing one item does not change the reliability much. So, no item has a strong effect on the total reliability. This high level of internal consistency reinforces the robustness of the findings and the validity of the identified sustainability factors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor instance, a study by Karmoh Sowah Jr and Kirikkaleli\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2022) explored the factors affecting global environmental sustainability, highlighting the intricate interplay between various micro- and macroeconomic elements. Similarly, Marquart-Pyatt\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2010) studied the factors affecting ecological footprints in different countries, highlighting the importance of considering ecological, climate, and socio-economic aspects in sustainability assessments. These studies highlight the complexity of environmental sustainability, showing that an integrated and interdisciplinary approach is needed for effective management. Furthermore, research by Purvis et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2019) on environmental impact assessment methodologies reported comparable variations in sustainability factors, stressing the interconnectedness of ecological, social, and economic dimensions. Their findings reinforce the importance of holistic environmental management strategies, aligning with the conclusions drawn in this analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of phenomena and determining factors of environmental sustainability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRank by Mean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterquartile Range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRank by Standard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClimate Change\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainability and Health of Aquatic Habitats\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.933\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLand Subsidence\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.935\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.935\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainability and Functionality of Rangeland and Forest Habitats\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLand use Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSoil Erosion Processes\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSoil Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.935\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransformation in Competition for Limited Water Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCapacity and Resilience of Ecosystems\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEcological Interactions and Environmental Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and Displacement of Living Organisms\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Ecosystem Feeding Patterns\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAir Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater Flow Patterns and Their Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in the Use of Alternative Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.935\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in the Features and Boundaries of Arid and Wetland Areas\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiseases Caused by Changes in Water Quality\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDynamics and Changes in Species\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Reproduction and Breeding of Living Organisms\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Food Chain Structure\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Relative Crop Performance\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.933\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Bioenergy Sources\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.934\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDynamics and Impacts of Natural Phenomena\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Immune System and Disease Resistance\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e**\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMean\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e **, *, and ns represent significance at the 1%, 5%, and non-significance levels, respectively, in the normality test\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e The total reliability of the questionnaire, measured by Cronbach's Alpha, is 0.935.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results of the KMO and Bartlett tests in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e for assessing sampling adequacy and the homogeneity of the correlation matrix positively indicate the validity of the data for factor analysis. The KMO value is 0.772, which falls within an acceptable range and suggests a satisfactory level of sampling adequacy. In other words, this value confirms that the data are suitable for factor analysis and that the correlations between variables are sufficiently strong. Bartlett's test gave a result of 799.758. The degrees of freedom were 325, and the result was significant because the p-value was 0.000. This indicates that the correlation matrix is quite consistent and clearly different from the identity matrix. Overall, these results confirm that the data are appropriately prepared for conducting factor analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of KMO and Bartlett's test results\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.772\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBartlett's Test of Sphericity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApprox. Chi-Square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e799.758\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edf\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e325\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSig.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe overall variance analysis in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e indicates that the factor analysis model effectively explains a substantial portion of the data variance. In the extraction phase, the first six factors account for 70.18% of the total variance, with the first factor contributing the most (39.03%), followed by the second (8.68%) and third (6.88%) factors. Even after rotation, the variance is still spread over these six factors, which helps the model pick up on important data features. This finding matches studies such as Towers et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2019), which suggest that when more than 70% of the total variance is explained, it confirms that the extracted factors reliably represent the patterns in the data. These variations are also visually depicted in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of variance and extracted components in the principal component analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitial Eigenvalues\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraction Sums of Squared Loadings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRotation Sums of Squared Loadings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% of Variance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCumulative %\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% of Variance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCumulative %\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% of Variance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCumulative %\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.030\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.030\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.030\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.030\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.853\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.818\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.818\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.258\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.684\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.714\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.258\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.684\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.714\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.438\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.880\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.594\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.880\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.594\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.193\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.282\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.325\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.534\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.901\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.494\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.534\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.901\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.494\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.391\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.536\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.536\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.454\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.830\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.079\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.079\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.352\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.963\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.706\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.888\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.890\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.424\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.312\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.760\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.922\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80.234\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.690\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.652\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.886\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.633\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.435\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.322\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.564\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87.491\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.486\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.870\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.361\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.399\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.536\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.897\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.377\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.450\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.347\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.311\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.545\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.304\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.713\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95.722\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.235\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.902\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96.624\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.781\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97.405\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.627\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.573\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.606\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.567\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.800\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.052\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe rotated component matrix in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows that the data is split into six clear factors, with each one accounting for a particular segment of the data's variation. The first factor, which includes changes in food chain structures, species dynamics and variations, and biodiversity shifts, carries the highest factor loadings, highlighting ecological impacts related to biodiversity and environmental changes. The second factor, addressing ecosystem resilience and ecological interactions, exhibits high loadings for variables associated with habitat health and sustainability. The third factor encompasses environmental processes and climate change, as well as soil erosion processes, air quality and characteristics, and climate change. The fourth, fifth, and sixth factors include variables such as changes in the immune system of living organisms, changes in relative crop performance, and variations in bioenergy resources. Overall, this analysis provides a better understanding of the complex differences and connections between environmental and ecological changes. Patterns in the data that can be useful for management and research in different areas are also identified.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarimax rotated component matrix of factors affecting changes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Food Chain Structure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.807\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.279\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDynamics and Changes in Species\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.804\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.259\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.768\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.151\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.220\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLand Use Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.619\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.347\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Reproduction and Breeding of Living Organisms\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.538\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.239\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.437\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.363\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransformation in Competition for Limited Water Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.454\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.369\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.304\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.304\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCapacity and Resilience of Ecosystems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.865\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEcological Interactions and Environmental Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.768\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.228\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainability and Health of Aquatic Habitats\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.291\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.687\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.268\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainability and Functionality of Rangeland and Forest Habitats\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.376\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.674\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.146\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Ecosystem Feeding Patterns\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.534\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.272\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.195\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.437\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.386\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSoil Erosion Processes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.744\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.251\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAir Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.704\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.299\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in the Features and Boundaries of Arid and Wetland Areas\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.658\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.181\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.199\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClimate Change\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.292\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.627\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.275\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDynamics and Impacts of Natural Phenomena\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.329\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.279\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.561\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiseases Caused by Changes in Water Quality\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.309\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.296\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.760\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and Displacement of Living Organisms\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.735\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.299\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.194\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Immune System and Disease Resistance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.131\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.665\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.276\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLand Subsidence\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.427\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.583\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater Flow Patterns and Their Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.330\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.347\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.389\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.402\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.362\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.801\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSoil Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.423\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.733\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Relative Crop Performance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.263\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.205\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.715\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in the Use of Alternative Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.187\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.162\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.853\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Bioenergy Sources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.208\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.214\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.849\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe categorization of environmental and ecological factors in this study (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) aligns with previous research that has examined the multifaceted impacts of environmental changes. The identification of \"Biological and Ecological Transformations\" as the first factor aligns with studies emphasizing the impact of biodiversity shifts and interspecies interactions on ecosystem functionality. For instance, Clare et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2016) highlight that changes in species composition and densities can significantly influence ecosystem processes, underscoring the importance of biological interactions in maintaining ecosystem functions. Similarly, the second factor, \"Ecosystem Resilience and Sustainability\" corresponds with resilience theory, which emphasizes an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbances while retaining its essential functions and structure. This idea is explained by the Resilience Alliance\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. They say ecological resilience means that nature can deal with problems. It can fix itself when something goes wrong. It keeps doing its job and stays as it is\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e66\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR67\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e67\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe third factor, \"Environmental Processes and Climate Change\" corresponds with findings by IPCC\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2021), where climate change, soil degradation, and air quality variations are highlighted as critical environmental concerns. Additionally, the fourth factor, \"Environmental and Ecological Changes\" which includes disease outbreaks and land subsidence, aligns with studies examining the health and migration consequences of environmental degradation. For instance, Huning et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e69\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2024) highlight that environmental degradation, such as land subsidence caused by groundwater extraction, can lead to severe infrastructure damage, adversely affecting human health and contributing to migration. Moreover, research indicates that environmental degradation negatively impacts population health, reducing life expectancy and increasing infant mortality rates, which in turn influence migration patterns.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe fifth factor, \"Fundamental Resources and Production\" aligns with research emphasizing the central role of water and soil resources in sustainable agricultural productivity. Effective management of these resources is crucial for maintaining long-term agricultural productivity and environmental health. For instance, a study published in the World Sustainability Series by Sabir et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR70\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e70\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2024) highlights that sustainable agricultural production depends on effective water management, including determining water needs, employing efficient irrigation methods, and controlling soil moisture. Similarly, the sixth factor, \"Transformations in Alternative Resources\" resonates with studies exploring shifts in bioenergy resources and alternative energy use as part of sustainable resource management. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e71\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2021) reports that bioenergy currently accounts for two-thirds of all renewable energy consumption worldwide, underscoring its significance in the transition to sustainable energy sources. Overall, the factor structure in this study provides a comprehensive and structured approach to analyzing environmental sustainability, demonstrating strong consistency with prior research and reinforcing its applicability for environmental policy and resource management.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings on the path coefficients between environmental processes and climate change and other sustainability factors (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e) align with prior studies emphasizing the integral role of environmental processes and climate change in ecological and resource transformations. For instance, IPCC\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2021) reports highlight how climate change, along with processes such as soil erosion and air quality degradation, significantly influences biodiversity shifts, species migration, and disease outbreaks. This is similar to the high path coefficient (0.671) found for environmental and ecological changes in this study. Similar patterns have also been noted in research by Lawlor et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR72\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e72\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2024), which shows climate-driven changes in species distribution along with broader environmental shifts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe strong impact of environmental processes and climate change on biological and ecological transformations (0.659) corresponds with findings by Rockström et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e73\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2009) on planetary boundaries, where biodiversity loss is closely linked to climate variations and changes in land characteristics. Additionally, Folke et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e74\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2010) highlight that environmental processes, like how ecosystems interact and changes in habitats, affect resilience. This agrees with the observed coefficient (0.553) for ecosystem resilience and sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe effect of environmental processes and climate change on fundamental resources and production is clearly noticeable. A path coefficient of 0.449 supports this idea. This is similar to what other studies have found when looking at factors like soil erosion and water quality. These studies show that when the environment is harmed, it can significantly affect our ability to grow and produce resources. For instance, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)\u003csup\u003e \u003cspan citationid=\"CR75\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e75\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/sup\u003e (2018) highlights that soil erosion and land degradation pose significant threats to global food security, compromising the well-being of at least 3.2\u0026nbsp;billion people worldwide. Furthermore, the lower but notable influence on transformations in alternative resources (path coefficient of 0.352) is consistent with research on climate-driven shifts toward renewable energy sources and the adaptation of resource management strategies. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)\u003csup\u003e \u003cspan citationid=\"CR76\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e76\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/sup\u003e (2019) reports that global investment in renewable energy capacity reached \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e272.9\u0026nbsp;billion in 2018, far outstripping investments in new fossil fuel generation, indicating a significant shift toward renewable energy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall, these findings provide empirical support for existing literature, reinforcing the necessity of integrating environmental process assessments with climate adaptation strategies to sustain ecosystems and resource availability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of the validity and reliability values for the factors in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e shows that all factors are highly valid and reliable. The Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and average variance extracted values show that the data is very consistent. This means the data is strong and reliable for each factor. These results underscore the robustness and strength of the proposed model in the study, ensuring that all indices effectively contribute to a flexible and valid factor structure. Overall, the values for all factors show that the model is reliable, confirming that it accurately and consistently analyzes the impacts of environmental processes and climate change.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eValidity and reliability indicators for the model of environmental sustainability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCronbach's alpha\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposite reliability (rho_a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposite reliability (rho_c)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage variance extracted (AVE)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResilience and Sustainability of Ecosystems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.853\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.869\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.893\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.626\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransformations in Alternative Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.841\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.935\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.924\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.858\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBiological and Ecological Transformations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.890\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.895\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.917\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.649\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental and Ecological Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.831\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.877\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.881\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.601\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental Processes and Climatic Change\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.836\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.861\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.883\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.603\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFundamental Resources and Production\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.746\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.773\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.853\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.660\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correlation patterns observed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e align with findings from previous research on environmental systems, emphasizing the interconnected nature of ecological and sustainability-related factors. The correlation of 0.577 between resilience and sustainability of ecosystems and environmental and environmental and ecological changes supports studies highlighting the role of environmental stressors in shaping ecosystem resilience\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR74\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e74\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. For instance, the Environmental Literacy Council discusses how environmental stressors can impact ecosystem health and resilience. The strong correlation (0.672) between biological and ecological transformations and Environmental and Ecological Changes aligns with Rockström et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e73\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2009), who emphasize the impact of environmental dynamics on biodiversity and ecosystem stability. The correlation of 0.543 between biological and ecological transformations and the resilience and sustainability of ecosystems indicates that biodiversity shifts are closely tied to ecosystem adaptability. This relationship is supported by studies by Loreau et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR77\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e77\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2001) highlighting the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem stability and functionality. For instance, research has shown that biodiversity loss can impair ecosystem processes, leading to reduced resilience against environmental changes. The low correlation of 0.19 between transformations in alternative resources and fundamental resources and production shows that these transformations in alternative resources and fundamental resources and production could occur independently or respond differently to environmental pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis observation aligns with Steffen et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR78\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e78\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2015), who discuss the complex interactions within resource systems and the necessity for integrated environmental assessments. Such assessments can provide a foundation for further multivariate or network-based analyses to explore dynamic interdependencies within environmental systems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation matrix analysis of the model of environmental sustainability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResilience and Sustainability of Ecosystems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransformations in Alternative Resources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiological and Ecological Transformations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental and Ecological Changes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFundamental Resources and Production\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResilience and Sustainability of Ecosystems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransformations in Alternative Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.308\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBiological and Ecological Transformations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.543\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.442\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironmental and Ecological Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.577\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.344\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.672\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFundamental Resources and Production\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.475\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.328\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.514\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe scenario-based analysis in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e aligns with previous research on sustainable development and environmental resilience, emphasizing the importance of proactive management strategies for mitigating human and climate-induced impacts. The table outlines various future-oriented scenarios and strategic visions for sustainable development, natural resource management, and environmental protection. These scenarios encompass key factors such as aquatic habitat sustainability, ecosystem resilience, biodiversity conservation, soil and water quality, air pollution, climate change impacts, and the dynamics of natural phenomena. For example, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR79\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e79\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2005) explored different environmental change scenarios, demonstrating how protective strategies—such as sustainable land and water management—can enhance ecosystem resilience and mitigate biodiversity loss. Similarly, IPCC reports (e.g., IPCC\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2021)) highlight the role of adaptive policies and climate mitigation measures in reducing long-term environmental risks. The strategies outlined in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e align with these findings, emphasizing the importance of sustainable water resource management, conservation programs, pollution control, and integrated environmental policies. Furthermore, Holling\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (1973) introduced the concept of resilience in ecological systems, arguing that scenario-based planning allows for better adaptation to uncertainties in environmental change. The forward-looking strategies in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e reflect this view by focusing on important ecological and environmental issues, such as managing soil erosion, adapting to climate change, improving water flow, planning land use, and protecting biodiversity. By simulating and analyzing the effects of environmental pressures, these scenarios provide actionable strategies for enhancing ecological balance, mitigating environmental degradation, and promoting sustainable resource management. Overall, the findings reinforce the broader scientific consensus that integrated scenario planning is crucial for strengthening natural resource management and reducing the negative consequences of human activities on the environment. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a structured approach to scenario evaluation, helping policymakers and researchers develop more effective environmental conservation strategies. The variety of factors listed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e shows how different parts of the environment are connected and emphasizes the need for broad, forward-thinking management strategies to ensure long-term sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScenarios and visions for environmental sustainability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScenario\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture Visions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAir Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the impact of industrial, urban, and climatic changes on air characteristics and quality and their impacts on public health.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies to reduce air pollution and improve air quality through sustainable environmental and industrial policies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSoil Erosion Processes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the effects of climate change and human activities on soil erosion processes and loss of fertile soil.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of soil erosion management programs for the protection of agricultural land and the improvement of soil quality.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in the Features and Boundaries of Arid and Wetland Areas\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulation of changes in the characteristics and boundaries of arid and wetland areas, particularly under the influence of climate change and human activities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of conservation strategies for the preservation and restoration of arid and wetland areas and reducing the impacts of climate change on these areas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClimate Change\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulation of local and global climate changes and their impacts on natural resources and ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change through climate adaptation and greenhouse gas reduction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDynamics and Impacts of Natural Phenomena\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the dynamics and effects of natural phenomena like floods, droughts, and storms on ecosystems and natural resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies to address the effects of natural phenomena and reduce the damage they cause to natural resources and the environment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLand Subsidence\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroundwater Over-extraction and Human Activities: Analysis of the impact of excessive groundwater extraction and human activities on land subsidence and its effects on infrastructure and natural resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of groundwater management programs and policies to control excessive extraction and prevent land subsidence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and Displacement of Living Organisms\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClimate Change and Environmental Changes: Analysis of the effects of climate change and environmental changes on the migration patterns and displacement of species in ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of conservation strategies for species migration management in response to environmental changes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater Flow Patterns and Their Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulation of changes in water flow patterns due to climate change, water consumption patterns, and their effects on water resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies for optimizing the use of water resources and managing water flow patterns to ensure the sustainability of water resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Immune System and Disease Resistance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental and Climatic Changes: Analysis of the impacts of environmental changes, particularly climate change, on the immune systems and disease resistance of living organisms.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of protective and research programs to improve the immune systems of living organisms and reduce their vulnerability to diseases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiseases Caused by Changes in Water Quality\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Quality Changes: Simulation of the effects of water quality changes on the spread of waterborne diseases and related health issues.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies to improve water quality and prevent waterborne diseases through better treatment processes and public health management.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Reproduction and Breeding of Living Organisms\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClimate and Environmental Changes: Simulation of the effects of climatic and environmental changes on reproductive patterns and breeding of different species.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of conservation strategies to preserve reproductive processes and prevent population declines in species.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransformation in Competition for Limited Water Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClimate Change, Population Growth, and Human Activities: Analysis of the impacts of climate change, population growth, and human activities on competition for limited water resources and the consequences.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of integrated water resource management strategies to reduce water-related tensions and competition at local and global levels.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLand Use Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact of Land Use Changes: Analysis of the effects of land use changes on ecosystems, water resources, soil quality, and sustainable development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of land use management programs to balance agricultural use with environmental conservation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClimate Change, Pollution, and Land Use: Simulation of the effects of climate change, pollution, and land use changes on biodiversity and species decline.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of conservation programs to preserve biodiversity and prevent species extinction in the face of environmental threats.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDynamics and Changes in Species\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental Changes, Especially Climate Change: Analysis of the impact of environmental changes, particularly climate change, on the growth patterns and distribution of species.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of species conservation and ecosystem management strategies to address changes and mitigate their negative effects.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Food Chain Structure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnvironmental and Climatic Changes: Simulation of the effects of environmental and climatic changes on the structure and dynamics of food chains in ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies to maintain balance in food chains and mitigate the effects of environmental changes on ecosystem health.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEcological Interactions and Environmental Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of changes in interactions between species and ecosystems and their impacts on environmental sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of conservation programs to preserve and strengthen healthy and balanced ecological interactions within ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCapacity and Resilience of Ecosystems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulation of the effects of environmental pressures (climate change, pollution, etc.) on ecosystem resilience to changes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies to strengthen ecosystem resilience through improved natural resource management and environmental damage reduction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Ecosystem Feeding Patterns\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulation of changes in ecosystem feeding resources (nutrients, energy sources, etc.) and their effects on ecosystem performance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies to manage nutrient resources for the sustainability and health of ecosystems and to reduce environmental degradation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainability and health of aquatic habitats\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulation of the effects of climate change and human activities on the sustainability and health of aquatic habitats and water resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies to preserve and enhance the health of aquatic habitats through sustainable water resource management and pollution reduction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainability and Functionality of Rangeland and Forest Habitats\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the impact of climate change and land use changes on the sustainability and performance of rangeland and forest habitats.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of conservation and restoration programs for rangeland and forest habitats to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem health.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the impact of environmental changes and human activities on the characteristics and quality of water in ecosystems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of programs to reduce water pollution and enhance water quality through improved treatment processes and resource management.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Relative crop Performance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClimate Change, Water Resources, and Agricultural Technology: Simulation of the effects of climate change, water resources, and agricultural technologies on crop yield variations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of strategies for optimizing agricultural productivity through innovative technologies and efficient use of natural resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSoil Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulation of the impacts of climate change, agricultural activities, and land use changes on the characteristics and quality of soil.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of soil quality improvement and conservation programs through sustainable farming and soil resource management.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in the Use of Alternative Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClimate Crisis and Environmental Changes: Simulation of changes in the use of alternative resources such as renewable energy and non-conventional water sources in response to environmental crises.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of technologies and policies supporting the sustainable use of alternative resources to reduce pressure on natural resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Bioenergy Sources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClimate Change, Environmental Pressures, and Technological Development: Analysis of the impacts of climate change, environmental pressures, and technological advancements on biomass energy resources and their exploitability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of sustainable technologies and strategies for utilizing biomass energy resources and reducing environmental impacts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe proposed indicators for evaluating environmental sustainability in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e align with previous studies that have developed frameworks for assessing ecological and human-induced environmental changes. Similar approaches have been employed in studies such as OECD\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR80\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e80\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2001) and UNEP\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR81\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e81\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2019), which categorize environmental indicators into ecological, climatic, and socio-economic dimensions to support sustainable policy development. The classification of indicators in this study is comparable to the DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response) framework introduced by the European Environment Agency (EEA\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR82\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e82\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (1999)), which systematically links environmental changes to their causes and consequences. Also, the focus on monitoring human activities and their environmental impacts matches the work of Rockström et al.\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e73\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e (2009) and their planetary boundaries framework, which identifies important indicators for sustainable environmental management. Also, bringing together ecological, environmental, and human-related factors is linked to the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs). This is especially true for SDG 6 (water and sanitation), SDG 13 (climate action), and SDG 15 (life on land). This helps show how the study can be helpful in real-world environmental monitoring and decision-making. Overall, the indicator-based approach in this study is consistent with global methodologies, supporting its effectiveness in tracking and managing environmental sustainability across diverse ecological and socio-economic contexts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProposed indicators of phenomena and determining factors of environmental sustainability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndicator\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnit of Measurement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAir Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAir pollutants levels (PM10, CO, SOx, and NOx)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrograms per cubic meter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAir temperature and relative humidity (key weather elements affecting life quality and biological conditions)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegrees Celsius and percentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio of greenhouse gas emissions to energy production\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKilograms of CO2 equivalent per kilowatt-hour\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSoil Erosion Processes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil erosion rate (tons per hectare per year)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTons/hectare/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetative cover index in eroded areas (percentage of vegetation that helps to preserve soil)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio of changes in soil structure in eroded areas (degree of reduction or change in soil physical and chemical properties)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in the Features and Boundaries of Arid and Wetland Areas\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrecipitation changes index (change in precipitation amounts in dry and wet areas)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMillimeters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetative cover in dry and wet areas (percentage of vegetation that can serve as an ecosystem change indicator)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio of changes in wet and dry area sizes over time (boundary changes due to climate change or human activities)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClimate Change\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in average annual temperature (rate of temperature change over time, globally or locally)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDegrees Celsius/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in precipitation patterns (amount and temporal distribution of rainfall indicating regional climate changes)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMillimeters/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreenhouse gas increase (CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions directly linked to climate change)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMillion tons of CO2 equivalent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDynamics and Impacts of Natural phenomena\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency and intensity of extreme climatic events (number and severity of floods or droughts over a specific period)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber and intensity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEconomic damage due to natural phenomena (economic costs related to floods, droughts, or other natural disasters)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMillion dollars\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrought severity index (SPI) (measuring droughts based on precipitation and evaporation changes)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSPI number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLand subsidence\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRate of land subsidence (mm/year)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMillimeters/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAffected areas of land subsidence (geographical areas severely impacted by land subsidence)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSquare kilometers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in geological structure and land settlement (analysis of changes in geological structure, such as cracks or abnormal land subsidence)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and Displacement of Living Organisms\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMigration rate index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKilometers/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in migration patterns index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage change\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies adaptation to new environments index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage of adaptation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater Flow Patterns and Their Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurface flow index (Streamflow Index) (amount of water flow in rivers or streams indicating changes in water patterns)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCubic meters per second\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in lake and reservoir water volume (changes in lake or reservoir water levels indicating changes in water resources)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCubic meters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in groundwater flow ratio (changes in groundwater flow indicating the impact of climate and human changes)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Immune System and Disease Resistance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease resistance index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex from 0 to 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease incidence rate index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of disease cases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral health index of species\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex from 0 to 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiseases Caused by Changes in Water Quality\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater-related disease incidence rate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of disease cases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater quality index and its impact on health\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater quality index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaterborne disease burden index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of waterborne disease cases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Reproduction and Breeding of Living Organisms\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFertility rate index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOffspring per individual\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in breeding period index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage change\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuccess in survival index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage survival\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransformation in Competition for Limited Water Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater resource competition index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage allocation of resources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater allocation rate to different sectors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCubic meters/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInequality index in access to water resources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLand Use Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLand use change index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage change in area\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio of changes in agricultural land to non-agricultural land\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage change\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSustainable development index in land use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex from 0 to 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Biodiversity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiodiversity Index (measuring species diversity in an ecosystem, especially related to environmental changes or water resources)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiodiversity index number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRate of increase or decrease in endangered species (comparison of endangered species numbers due to environmental changes like water resource variations)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabitat Change Index (measuring the reduction or alteration of natural habitats linked to water resources)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDynamics and Changes in Species\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRate of changes in species population\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePopulation change percentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMigration and displacement of species\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKilometers/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeasonal or annual changes in species dynamics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage change\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Food Chain Structure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisruption in food chain structure index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex from 0 to 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRate of changes in feeding relationships between species\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage change\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in the diversity of feeding species\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of species\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEcological Interactions and Environmental Changes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio of symbiotic to competitive species in ecosystems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHabitat change index due to human activities (land use change, pollution)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber or percentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood web health index (such as key species density)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber or percentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCapacity and Resilience of Ecosystems\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcosystem recovery time after natural disasters (months/years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonths/years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in ecosystem performance (such as reduction in erosion rate or improvement in soil quality)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage change\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEcosystem flexibility index (ability to maintain core functions despite changes)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber or percentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Ecosystem Feeding Patterns\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChange in the proportion of natural food sources vs artificial ones (percentage)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChange in the biomass of species dependent on primary food sources (grams per square meter)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrams/square meter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex of decrease or increase in primary food chains (such as reduction in apex predators)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber or percentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainability and Health of Aquatic Habitats\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAquatic species biodiversity index (including the number of native and non-native species)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of species\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater quality of aquatic habitats (chemical, physical, and biological parameters such as DO, BOD, and pH)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater quality parameters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArea of protected aquatic regions compared to total aquatic habitats\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSustainability and Functionality of Rangeland and Forest Habitats\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetative cover density in rangelands and forests (kilograms of forage per hectare)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKilograms/hectare\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil erosion rate in rangeland and forest habitats (tons per hectare per year)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTons/hectare/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrazing capacity and sustainable utilization of pastures (livestock per hectare)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLivestock/hectare\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater pH (acidity or alkalinity level)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDissolved oxygen (DO) (amount of oxygen in water essential for aquatic life)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilligrams per liter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutrient levels (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) in water and the amount of food pollutants that can cause eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilligrams per liter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Relative Crop Performance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrop yield change index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKilograms/hectare\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio of crop yield to water consumption\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKilograms/cubic meter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpact of water resource changes on crop quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage decrease in quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSoil Quality and Characteristics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil particle composition (sand, clay, silt) (percentage of soil particles affecting permeability and water retention capacity)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage of particles\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic content in soil (percentage of organic matter in soil affecting fertility and structure)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeavy metal concentration in soil (such as lead, cadmium, and mercury)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilligrams per kilogram\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in the Use of Alternative Resources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex of adoption of alternative resources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage use of alternative resources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRate of changes in the use of alternative resources across sectors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage change\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuccess rate in substituting natural resources\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage success\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChanges in Bioenergy Sources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBioenergy production index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMegawatts/year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRatio of water use in bioenergy production\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage of water consumption\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRate of changes in bioresource utilization for energy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage change\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study identified six key factors influencing environmental sustainability and their interconnected effects on ecosystem resilience. Path coefficient analysis highlighted that environmental processes and climate change are primary drivers shaping environmental and ecological changes, biological and ecological transformations, resilience and sustainability of ecosystems, fundamental resources and production, and transformations in alternative resources. These findings emphasize the need for proactive climate change management, improved governance strategies, and collaborative initiatives to enhance sustainability. The study also underscores the importance of integrating ecological, climatic, and socio-economic indicators for effective environmental monitoring and policymaking. The scenario-based approach highlights key sustainability aspects, including aquatic habitat stability, biodiversity conservation, soil and water quality, air pollution control, and climate adaptation. Furthermore, the study aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (water and sanitation), SDG 13 (climate action), and SDG 15 (life on land), reinforcing its relevance for environmental governance. This study supports global sustainability goals by providing a clear framework that brings together climate change, resource management, and ecosystem resilience to help improve international environmental decisions. It helps future research by focusing on flexible management and climate action, giving practical ideas for dealing with resource shortages in sensitive areas. This work not only contributes to shaping policy but also lays the foundation for innovative, cross-disciplinary approaches to environmental sustainability in the face of global challenges. Future research should focus on the practical implementation of adaptive management techniques, further exploration of artificial intelligence applications, and the integration of climate change models to enhance ecosystem resilience and optimize resource use. These efforts will contribute to developing actionable sustainability policies and long-term conservation strategies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors sincerely appreciate all those who supported this study. Special appreciation is extended to to the academic researchers, experts, and stakeholders whose valuable perspectives, shared through interviews and discussions, greatly enriched this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Participate\u003c/strong\u003e The authors declare they have consent to participate\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Publish\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors declare they have consent to publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eM.N. Farahza was responsible for conceptualizing and designing the research framework, supervising the study, collecting and analyzing the data, and contributing to the writing of the manuscript. B. Nazari participated in the development of the research framework, supervised the overall process, contributed to manuscript preparation, and carried out critical revisions. M.R. Nikoo provided expert consultation throughout the research and made essential contributions to the manuscript\u0026apos;s revision. M.S. Naeini contributed to the conceptual design, played a major role in data collection and analysis, and collaborated in manuscript writing. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNo funding was received for conducting this study\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy concerns and proprietary constraints, but they are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKanani, E., Nazari, B. \u0026amp; Dehghanisanij, H. 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(1999).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Aquatic habitat stability, Arid and semi-arid regions, Biodiversity conservation, Climate adaptation, Soil and water quality, Sustainable development goals (SDGs)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6582962/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6582962/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental sustainability is a critical global issue, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions facing climate change, population growth, and increasing water demand. This study aims to examine the phenomena and key factors influencing environmental sustainability using principal component analysis (PCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). Factor analysis identified six major categories: (1) biological and ecological transformations, (2) resilience and sustainability of ecosystems, (3) environmental processes and climate change, (4) environmental and ecological changes, (5) fundamental resources and production, and (6) transformations in alternative resources. Path coefficient analysis highlighted that environmental processes and climate change significantly influence other environmental factors, with coefficients as follows: (4) 0.671, (1) 0.659, (2) 0.553, (5) 0.449, and (6) 0.352. Climate change ranked highest in priority (4.38/5), followed by aquatic habitat sustainability (4.35/5), land subsidence (4.21/5), and water quality (4.17/5). Sustainability factors had a uniform impact distribution (3.92/5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83), indicating general agreement on how important these factors are. The findings emphasize the urgent need for climate change mitigation, improved governance, and collaborative strategies to enhance sustainability. Key sustainability aspects identified include aquatic habitat stability, biodiversity conservation, soil and water quality, air pollution control, and climate adaptation, aligning with the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs 6, 13, and 15). This study highlights the need to integrate ecological, climatic, and socio-economic indicators for effective environmental monitoring and policymaking. It contributes to advancing international environmental governance by integrating climate change, resource management, and ecosystem resilience, offering insights into addressing resource scarcity and promoting cross-disciplinary approaches to sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"From Climate Change to Environmental Sustainability: Analyzing Phenomena and Determining Factors","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-26 11:43:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6582962/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"352a6f01-9776-4230-afe8-741896e25522","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 26th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":48956200,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences"},{"id":48956201,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology"},{"id":48956202,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":48956203,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences"},{"id":48956204,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Hydrology"},{"id":48956205,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-06T12:39:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-26 11:43:08","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6582962","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6582962","identity":"rs-6582962","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}