Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Vertical Holes externally Strengthened with near Surface Mounted Bars

Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Vertical Holes externally Strengthened with near Surface Mounted Bars | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Vertical Holes externally Strengthened with near Surface Mounted Bars Mohamed Nawar, Mohammed K. Alkharisi, EL-Said A. Bayoumi, Mohamed Ghalla, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6664090/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Electromechanical and other service ducts must be carried vertically through structural components. The majority of researches have examined the strengthening of the transverse opening region in concrete beams. Since no one has examined beams with vertical openings, the current study focuses on this topic. The shear behavior of RC beams externally strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) steel bars and featuring vertical holes was the main focus of this article. Ten RC beams measuring 120 mm in width, 200 mm in depth, and 1100 mm in length were subjected to experimental flexural testing. Six specimens were strengthened using various NSM techniques, whereas four specimens were tested without strengthening. The hole region was traversed by cold-formed steel sheet, straight horizontal and vertical NSM bars, and horizontal NSM bars with bent ends. The study's primary characteristics are the hole diameter (20, 30, and 50 mm) and the strengthening provided by various NSM systems. Shear cracking load, failure pattern, ultimate load capacity, load-deflection relation, and energy absorption of the tested specimens were presented, and the findings were examined and compared. The results showed that the vertical openings had no discernible effect on the stiffness of unstrengthened beams. However, the load capacity of the unstrengthened beams with hole diameters of 20 mm, 30 mm, and 50 mm, respectively, was decreased by 4.55%, 9.09%, and 19.7%, while the energy dissipation capacity of the same specimens was decreased by 4.18%, 8.6%, and 16.46%, respectively. In comparison to an unstrengthened specimen with a 50 mm diameter hole, the shear resistance increased by 95% when horizontal NSM bars, with or without end anchorages, were installed in the beams. When compared to the un-strengthened specimens with holes, all NSM techniques improved the energy dissipation capability for all specimens. Ultimate load of the tested beams was predicted and compared with experimental ones. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Physical sciences/Engineering RC beam holes shear behavior Strengthening Energy absorption capacity NSM Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 21 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 21 May, 2025 Editor invited by journal 20 May, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 May, 2025 First submitted to journal 14 May, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6664090","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":460492616,"identity":"6ff32570-0b63-41bb-84a8-967e9976dfcc","order_by":0,"name":"Mohamed Nawar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kafrelsheikh University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"Nawar","suffix":""},{"id":460492617,"identity":"1cf96f92-4ddb-46bb-8f79-6dfacad6ff4a","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammed K. Alkharisi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Qassim University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammed","middleName":"K.","lastName":"Alkharisi","suffix":""},{"id":460492619,"identity":"a4f7eb07-5e17-4986-9466-f09c4813b304","order_by":2,"name":"EL-Said A. Bayoumi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kafrelsheikh University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"EL-Said","middleName":"A.","lastName":"Bayoumi","suffix":""},{"id":460492620,"identity":"a175430f-1dc8-4f80-bb2c-ae7e75b3ad90","order_by":3,"name":"Mohamed Ghalla","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kafrelsheikh University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"Ghalla","suffix":""},{"id":460492621,"identity":"b525af16-7323-4c42-b0ff-e52b0a6f0e6e","order_by":4,"name":"Sabry Fayed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kafrelsheikh University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sabry","middleName":"","lastName":"Fayed","suffix":""},{"id":460492622,"identity":"7960bc8d-5bb3-4a8d-9bda-07900f5c940b","order_by":5,"name":"Md. Habibur Rahman Sobuz","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Khulna University of Engineering \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md.","middleName":"Habibur Rahman","lastName":"Sobuz","suffix":""},{"id":460492623,"identity":"981cead0-4b49-45dd-ba91-e4ea55cce236","order_by":6,"name":"Sani Aliyu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAC5oYDDAw2BmwkaGEEaUkjUQuQOGxAvAb59oONh3nbzhvzSSQwfvjBcNiugZAWgzOJDUAtt83YJBKYJXsYDicT1sIA0WID1MIgDXRhMmGH9T8EaTkH0sL8mygtDDfAthwAOYwNZIsdQR0GNx42HJxzLtmYjedhm2WPQXoCEQ5LPvzhTZmd4fz25MM3flRY2xN2GBAw8YApUASBQoMYLYw/kDjE2TIKRsEoGAUjCgAAuQQ7FMBLh7QAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Kampala International University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sani","middleName":"","lastName":"Aliyu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-14 12:23:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6664090/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6664090/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27250-z","type":"published","date":"2025-11-25T15:57:31+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97179328,"identity":"f9b3036c-4985-4fa7-8736-faba55303cc8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 16:14:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1061684,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript3.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6664090/v1_covered_4a74830e-2e42-4aad-94aa-a5d951de5f1b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Vertical Holes externally Strengthened with near Surface Mounted Bars","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"RC beam, holes, shear behavior, Strengthening, Energy absorption capacity, NSM","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6664090/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6664090/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eElectromechanical and other service ducts must be carried vertically through structural components. The majority of researches have examined the strengthening of the transverse opening region in concrete beams. Since no one has examined beams with vertical openings, the current study focuses on this topic. The shear behavior of RC beams externally strengthened with near surface mounted (NSM) steel bars and featuring vertical holes was the main focus of this article. Ten RC beams measuring 120 mm in width, 200 mm in depth, and 1100 mm in length were subjected to experimental flexural testing. Six specimens were strengthened using various NSM techniques, whereas four specimens were tested without strengthening. The hole region was traversed by cold-formed steel sheet, straight horizontal and vertical NSM bars, and horizontal NSM bars with bent ends. The study's primary characteristics are the hole diameter (20, 30, and 50 mm) and the strengthening provided by various NSM systems. Shear cracking load, failure pattern, ultimate load capacity, load-deflection relation, and energy absorption of the tested specimens were presented, and the findings were examined and compared. The results showed that the vertical openings had no discernible effect on the stiffness of unstrengthened beams. However, the load capacity of the unstrengthened beams with hole diameters of 20 mm, 30 mm, and 50 mm, respectively, was decreased by 4.55%, 9.09%, and 19.7%, while the energy dissipation capacity of the same specimens was decreased by 4.18%, 8.6%, and 16.46%, respectively. In comparison to an unstrengthened specimen with a 50 mm diameter hole, the shear resistance increased by 95% when horizontal NSM bars, with or without end anchorages, were installed in the beams. When compared to the un-strengthened specimens with holes, all NSM techniques improved the energy dissipation capability for all specimens. Ultimate load of the tested beams was predicted and compared with experimental ones.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Vertical Holes externally Strengthened with near Surface Mounted Bars","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-23 06:29:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6664090/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-03T14:27:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-08T09:42:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"80599952649859585539189544767808439267","date":"2025-07-16T09:55:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-22T14:05:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"39141181447323932659664081543746330094","date":"2025-05-21T14:09:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-21T13:49:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-05-21T13:43:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-21T02:11:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-05-20T05:13:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-05-14T12:07:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cf53ab2a-4d91-49fa-8f2a-fd902f0fac68","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 23rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":48915619,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":48915620,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-01T16:08:44+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6664090","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27250-z","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-11-25 15:57:31","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 25th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-23 06:29:30","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-27250-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27250-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6664090","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6664090","identity":"rs-6664090","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}