Sustainable Synthesis of Zn/Al-Doped Nanocomposite from Bio- Waste: Characterization and RSM-Guided Brilliant Blue Dye Adsorption Optimization

Sustainable Synthesis of Zn/Al-Doped Nanocomposite from Bio- Waste: Characterization and RSM-Guided Brilliant Blue Dye Adsorption Optimization | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Sustainable Synthesis of Zn/Al-Doped Nanocomposite from Bio- Waste: Characterization and RSM-Guided Brilliant Blue Dye Adsorption Optimization Sreenivas Matla, Gnanakumari Talathoti, Megersa Tadesse Adugna, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7414495/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this study, a sustainable zinc and aluminum dually doped nanocomposite (Zn/Al@BOB) was synthesized from stem bio-waste of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis via a chemical co-precipitation method for the remediation of Brilliant Blue (BB) dye from pollutant-bearing water. The material was extensively explored via SEM, XPS, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and BET techniques. XPS confirmed successful doping of Zn and Al, while BET manifested an exposed surface of 43.686 m²g − 1 . Batch-mode equilibrium studies assessed the effects of contact time (35 min), dosage (0.28 g/L), pH (6), temperature (318K), and dye concentration (20 ppm). Optimization via RSM and CCD identified ideal constraints: 34.83 min agitation, 0.289 g/L nanocomposite dose, pH 5.958, and 20 ppm dye concentration, achieving 95.11% removal efficiency. Equilibrium data best fit the Freundlich model (R² = 0.9970), and the Langmuir model predicted a dye uptake of 400 mg.g − 1 , consistent with the experimental 350 mg/g. Kinetics succeeded a pseudo-2nd -order approach (R² = 0.9929), and thermodynamic analysis confirmed the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and physical in nature. Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Engineering Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Physical sciences/Materials science Zn/Al@BOB nanocomposite Brassica oleracea var. botrytis sustainable synthesis Brilliant Blue dye removal RSM and CCD Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 02 Sep, 2025 Editor invited by journal 02 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 29 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7414495","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":510580771,"identity":"41f18629-9e66-43da-b58c-be770d8b547e","order_by":0,"name":"Sreenivas Matla","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Andhra University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sreenivas","middleName":"","lastName":"Matla","suffix":""},{"id":510580772,"identity":"52db3a83-fd0b-4fb7-a879-463521022157","order_by":1,"name":"Gnanakumari Talathoti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Andhra 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Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, sustainable synthesis, Brilliant Blue dye removal, RSM and CCD","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7414495/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7414495/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, a sustainable zinc and aluminum dually doped nanocomposite (Zn/Al@BOB) was synthesized from stem bio-waste of \u003cem\u003eBrassica oleracea\u003c/em\u003e var. \u003cem\u003ebotrytis\u003c/em\u003e via a chemical co-precipitation method for the remediation of Brilliant Blue (BB) dye from pollutant-bearing water. The material was extensively explored via SEM, XPS, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and BET techniques. XPS confirmed successful doping of Zn and Al, while BET manifested an exposed surface of 43.686 m\u0026sup2;g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e. Batch-mode equilibrium studies assessed the effects of contact time (35 min), dosage (0.28 g/L), pH (6), temperature (318K), and dye concentration (20 ppm). Optimization via RSM and CCD identified ideal constraints: 34.83 min agitation, 0.289 g/L nanocomposite dose, pH 5.958, and 20 ppm dye concentration, achieving 95.11% removal efficiency. Equilibrium data best fit the Freundlich model (R\u0026sup2; = 0.9970), and the Langmuir model predicted a dye uptake of 400 mg.g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, consistent with the experimental 350 mg/g. 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