Analyzing Geographic Disparities and Temporal Trends in Diabetes-Related Mortality Risks in Iran

Analyzing Geographic Disparities and Temporal Trends in Diabetes-Related Mortality Risks in Iran | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analyzing Geographic Disparities and Temporal Trends in Diabetes-Related Mortality Risks in Iran Shahrzad Moghadam, Naser Farahmandmoghadam, Saeedeh Bakhshi, Farnaz Kiani, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7214479/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background There has been a notable rise in diabetes-related mortality risks (DRMR) in Iran. There is evidence of geographical disparities in diabetes prevalence although little is known about disparities of DRMR in Iran. Understanding these disparities is important for guiding control programs and allocating health resources to societies most at need. Methods The data for DRMR that occurred from 2017 to 2019 obtained from the Iran Department of Health. Tenth International Classification of Disease codes E10–E14 were used to identify DRMR. The statistical individules were 602 females and 518 males, 945 females and 734 males, and 2,052 females and 1,747 males for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. County-level DRMR were computed and presented as number of deaths per 100,000 persons. We used Arc/GIS 10.6 and statical teststs consist of Kernel Density, Moran's I, Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), Mean Center, and Standard Distance. Results Evidence demonstrates notable geographic variations in the prevalence of DRMR across Iran, with the highest risk areas predominantly situated in the western and eastern regions of the country. Significant spatial clusters of DRMR have been identified, highlighting localized hotspots of increased incidence. Furthermore, our study revealed that the incidence of DRMR is notably higher among females compared to males, suggesting potential gender-specific vulnerabilities that warrant further investigation. Conclusions Iran exhibits geographic disparities in diabetes-related mortality risks, with notable high-risk clusters and higher prevalence among females. Variations in coexisting conditions may influence these patterns, emphasizing the need to address gender differences. Understanding these disparities can guide resource allocation and inform future predictive research to reduce health inequities. Diabetes Mortality Spatial Disparities GIS Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7214479","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":490871246,"identity":"de25eb72-a845-44ac-b385-5647815b208a","order_by":0,"name":"Shahrzad Moghadam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Geography and Urban Planning, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shahrzad","middleName":"","lastName":"Moghadam","suffix":""},{"id":490871247,"identity":"1ae6ff1e-7736-4810-8035-6aaba785cfe9","order_by":1,"name":"Naser Farahmandmoghadam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Clinical 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12:53:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7214479/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7214479/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88075154,"identity":"1e0fedb8-10a5-4451-b7f6-5bdc2ea1b35a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-01 06:53:43","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":917164,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisedmanuscriptwithAuthorDetails.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7214479/v1_covered_26fd1bef-ab13-42d6-a95d-68b7bede2791.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analyzing Geographic Disparities and Temporal Trends in Diabetes-Related Mortality Risks in 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GIS","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7214479/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7214479/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere has been a notable rise in diabetes-related mortality risks (DRMR) in Iran. There is evidence of geographical disparities in diabetes prevalence although little is known about disparities of DRMR in Iran. Understanding these disparities is important for guiding control programs and allocating health resources to societies most at need.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data for DRMR that occurred from 2017 to 2019 obtained from the Iran Department of Health. Tenth International Classification of Disease codes E10–E14 were used to identify DRMR. The statistical individules were 602 females and 518 males, 945 females and 734 males, and 2,052 females and 1,747 males for the years 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. County-level DRMR were computed and presented as number of deaths per 100,000 persons. We used Arc/GIS 10.6 and statical teststs consist of Kernel Density, Moran's I, Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*), Mean Center, and Standard Distance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvidence demonstrates notable geographic variations in the prevalence of DRMR across Iran, with the highest risk areas predominantly situated in the western and eastern regions of the country. Significant spatial clusters of DRMR have been identified, highlighting localized hotspots of increased incidence. Furthermore, our study revealed that the incidence of DRMR is notably higher among females compared to males, suggesting potential gender-specific vulnerabilities that warrant further investigation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIran exhibits geographic disparities in diabetes-related mortality risks, with notable high-risk clusters and higher prevalence among females. Variations in coexisting conditions may influence these patterns, emphasizing the need to address gender differences. Understanding these disparities can guide resource allocation and inform future predictive research to reduce health inequities.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analyzing Geographic Disparities and Temporal Trends in Diabetes-Related Mortality Risks in Iran","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-28 07:32:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7214479/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"21847896-5881-4e60-80fe-8cb26edaf1e5","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-17T14:53:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-28 07:32:08","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7214479","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7214479","identity":"rs-7214479","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}