Diseases of the Mammary Glands in Girls: Structure and Clinical Features

Diseases of the Mammary Glands in Girls: Structure and Clinical Features | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Diseases of the Mammary Glands in Girls: Structure and Clinical Features Ahmed Eid Zarif Shehata, Mohamed Hani Labib Hamed, Idrisov Ainur Dinarovich This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6333036/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A study was conducted on the structure of breast diseases in 121 girls aged 3 to 17 years inclusive, who received treatment at the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa over a period of three years (2022–2024). Fibroepithelial diseases of the breast were identified in 89.2% (n = 108) of the cases, inflammatory diseases were diagnosed in 8.2% (n = 10) of the observations, intraductal papillomas in 1.7% (n = 2), and gigantomastia in 0.8% (n = 1) of the cases. The average age of girls with fibroepithelial breast diseases was 15.3 years, with intraductal papillomas 16.5 years, and with inflammatory diseases 12,7 years. Pediatrics Obstetrics & Gynecology Breast Cancer Adolescent Girls‚ Mammary Glands‚ Fibroepithelial Diseases Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Background According to existing classifications, anomalies and developmental disorders of the breast, non-tumorous diseases, as well as benign and malignant tumors are distinguished in childhood [Kaneda HJ, Mack J; Travina ML, Popov AG, Popov SA]. The highest risk of developing benign and malignant breast tumors is characteristic of children aged 7 to 17 years [Kaneda HJ, Mack J; Travina ML, Popov AG]. Overall, considering all nosologies, the frequency of breast diseases in girls ranges from 0.1–3.25%, but the number of literary sources is limited [Mubarak F, Malick A; Umanah IN, Akhiwu W; Rodríguez VA, Toro GJA]. Benign and malignant neoplasms of the breast in children and adolescents are less common than in adults, with a frequency ranging from 5–12% [Vysotskaya IV; Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz P]. The most common are fibroadenomas, accounting for 95% of all neoplasms [Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz P], while breast cancer is extremely rare (less than 1% of all diseases) [Vysotskaya IV]. There may have been an increase in breast disease incidence among children in recent decades. One of the first works dedicated to this issue, published in 1969, described only 9 girls aged from 7 months to 16 years with breast formations identified at the Toronto Children's Hospital over 40 years [Simpson JS, Barson AJ]. Ross DS and Giri DD published a study in 2017 describing 48 girls aged ≤ 18 years with 54 fibroepithelial lesions of the breast identified over a 10-year period [Ross DS, Giri DD]. In 2019, at the Southeast Medical Center of the University of Texas, there were 169 patients with 277 formations showing signs typical of fibroadenomas over a 4-year period. Thus, the proportion of girls among all examined patients with breast formations was 13.9% [Omar L]. On the other hand, studies conducted in Central Africa and Turkey showed a low prevalence of breast diseases in girls. In a breast ultrasound study conducted over 2 years at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital in Zaria (Nigeria), only 25 children aged from 40 days to 19 years (average age 14.8 ± 4.1 years) with breast formations were identified, which accounted for only 0.11% of all patients [Olarinoye-Akorede SA]. In the research center of Baskent University in Adana (Turkey), 10 patients with breast tumors were operated on over 8 years, with an average age of 14 years [Ezer SS, Oguzkurt P, Ince E]. Thus, the existing data on the frequency and structure of breast diseases in girls is contradictory and requires further study. The aim of the work to study the structure of breast diseases in girls Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 121 adolescent girls with breast diseases who were referred to the gynecological department of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa over a period of three years was conducted. Ultrasound examinations, fine-needle biopsies, and histological studies of the removed formations were performed. The patients are under observation. Results and Discussion Over the three years (2022–2024), 121 girls aged 3 to 17 years received treatment for breast diseases in the gynecological department of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa. The majority of the patients lived in the city of Ufa – 28.9% (n = 35), while 9.1% (n = 11) were referred from the cities of Sterlitamak and 6.6% (n = 8) from Salavat. Additionally, 18.2% (n = 22) were referred from other cities, and 23.1% (n = 28) were from rural areas. When comparing the proportions of girls admitted with breast diseases to the percentage of girls aged 0 to 17 years inclusive in the specified territories (data for 2023 [bdex.ru]), we found complete correspondence of the indicators (Fig. 1 ), which allows us to conclude that the prevalence of breast diseases is similar among girls living in both large and small cities, as well as in rural areas. The risk of developing benign breast diseases in girls has not been studied, but when compared to the risk of developing breast cancer, established risk factors include socioeconomic status, age at menarche, and reproductive history [Krisanits B, Randise JF]. In recent years, the socioeconomic status of the population in urban and rural areas has not significantly differed. The main risk factor for the development of breast pathology has become the increased consumption of animal protein, caffeinated beverages, and artificially sweetened products, which have been proven to lead to early menarche [Carwile et al., 2015 ; Mueller et al., 2015 ; Villamor & Jansen, 2016 ]. The study of the age structure of patients showed that inflammatory breast diseases were equally common among girls in all age groups. The youngest patient, aged 3 years, was found to have a breast abscess. We did not have any patients aged 3 to 11 years. In the older age group of girls aged 13 to 17, benign formations were identified in the overwhelming majority of cases. One 11-year-old girl was referred for surgical treatment due to gigantomastia (Fig. 2). When studying the structure of breast diseases, it was found that in the overwhelming majority of cases, 89.2% (n = 108), girls were diagnosed with benign formations, inflammatory diseases were diagnosed in 8.2% (n = 10) of observations, intraductal papillomas in 1.7% (n = 2), and gigantomastia in 0.8% (n = 1) of cases (Fig. 3 ). Conclusion Based on the results of our study, we can conclude that breast diseases in girls are not rare; over the course of 3 years, 121 girls received treatment at the RDKB in Ufa. The average age of patients with FEBD was 15.3 years, with intraductal papillomas it was 16.5 years, and with inflammatory diseases it was 12.7 years. In the structure of breast diseases, fibroepithelial diseases predominated, accounting for 89.2%. Declarations Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate: The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Bashkir State Medical University. The authors confirm that all research was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, and consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians. Authors' Contributions: Ahmed Eid Zarif Shehata : Conceptualization, Methodology, Software. Mohamed Hani Labib Hamed : Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation. Idrisov Ainur Dinarovich : Writing- Reviewing and Editing. Funding Statement: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Acknowledgments: I would like to thank my colleagues for their expertise and assistance throughout all aspects of our study and for their help in writing the manuscript, particularly Professor Muslimova Sofia Yuryevna for her guidance and support. References Vysotskaya I.V., Letyagin V.P., Vorotnikov I.K., Kim E.A., Kirsanov V.Yu., Polikarpova S.B. Focal pathology of the mammary glands in adolescent girls. Questions of Modern Pediatrics. 2020; 19 (4):304–308. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v19i4. Letyagin V.P., Vysotskaya I.V. Benign diseases of the mammary glands. — 2nd ed., revised. — Moscow, MIA; 2019. — 104 p. Sergienko M.Yu. Epidemiology and risk factors for the development of adolescent mastopathy. Medical and Social Problems of Family 2011;4(16):48–51. Travina M.L., Popov A.G., Popov S.A., Kulikova E.V. Clinical classification of diseases and conditions of the mammary glands in children and adolescents // Questions of Modern Pediatrics. — 2016. — Vol. 15. — No. 4. — P. 385–390. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v15i4.1590. Travina M.L., Popov A.G. Clinical mammology — are there problems in pediatrics? // Farmateka. — 2016. — No. 8. — P. 72–75. Khurasev F.B. Functional (dysg hormonal) hyperplasia of the mammary glands in adolescent girls during puberty. Kursk: KGMU, 1999. 193 p. Carwile JL, et al. (2015). Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and age at menarche in a prospective study of US girls. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 30(3), 675–683. Ezer SS, Oguzkurt P, Ince E, Temiz A, Bolat FA, Hicsonmez A. Surgical treatment of solid breast masses in female adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2013 Feb;26(1):31-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2012.09.004. Epub 2012 Nov 15. PMID: 23158756. Kaneda HJ, Mack J, Kasales CJ, Schetter S. Pediatric and adolescent breast masses: a review of pathophysiology, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013 Feb;200(2): W204-12. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.9560. PMID: 23345385. Krisanits B, Randise JF, Burton CE, Findlay VJ, Turner DP. Pubertal mammary development as a "susceptibility window" for breast cancer disparity. Adv Cancer Res. 2020;146:57-82. doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.01.004. Epub 2020 Mar 9. PMID: 32241392; PMCID: PMC10084741. Mubarak F, Malick A, Sattar AK. Breast development and disorders in children and adolescents. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. (2023) 53(7):101441. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2023.101441. Mueller NT, et al. (2015). Consumption of caffeinated and artificially sweetened soft drinks is associated with risk of early menarche. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(3), 648–654. Olarinoye-Akorede SA, Ibinaiye PO, Suleiman LB. Ultrasonographic review of pediatric breast masses among Nigerian children in a tertiary hospital. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2020 Jul-Dec;17(3 & 4):54-58. doi: 10.4103/ajps.AJPS_57_17. PMID: 33342834; PMCID: PMC8051630. Omar L, Gleason MK, Pfeifer CM, Sharma P, Kwon JK. Management of palpable pediatric breast masses with ultrasound characteristics of fibroadenoma: A more conservative approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2019 Feb;212(2):450-455. doi: 10.2214/AJR.17.19482. Epub 2018 Nov 26. PMID: 30476459. Rodríguez VA, Toro GJA, López CE, et al. Breast pathology in children: Experience from three pediatric hospitals. Patol Rev Latinoam. 2010;48(3). Ross DS, Giri DD, Akram MM, Catalano JP, Olcese C, Van Zee KJ, Brogi E. Fibroepithelial lesions in the breast of adolescent females: A clinicopathological study of 54 cases. Breast J. 2017 Mar;23(2):182-192. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12706. Epub 2016 Nov 4. PMID: 28299887; PMCID: PMC5356480. Simpson JS, Barson AJ. Breast tumors in infants and children: a 40-year review of cases at a children's hospital. Can Med Assoc J. 1969 Jul 26;101(2):100-2. PMID: 5794134; PMCID: PMC1946076. Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz P, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D, Mańkowski P. Benign and malignant breast lesions in children and adolescents - diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Front Pediatr. 2024 Oct 23;12:1417050. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1417050. PMID: 39507494; PMCID: PMC11537988. Umanah IN, Akhiwu W, Ojo OS. Breast tumors of adolescents in an African population. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2010;7:78-80. Villamor E, & Jansen EC (2016). Nutritional determinants of the timing of puberty. Annual Review of Public Health, 37, 33–46. Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6333036","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":435661816,"identity":"c9d53e30-9c19-41e1-bbf1-f6b3885ddc27","order_by":0,"name":"Ahmed Eid Zarif Shehata","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1295-5776","institution":"Bashkir state medical university","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ahmed","middleName":"Eid Zarif","lastName":"Shehata","suffix":""},{"id":435662089,"identity":"e1b80301-add1-4952-988b-63e8e8ca8b9d","order_by":1,"name":"Mohamed Hani Labib Hamed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bashkir state medical university","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"Hani Labib","lastName":"Hamed","suffix":""},{"id":435662171,"identity":"5b568232-26e0-4c14-a1ea-08489b5625bc","order_by":2,"name":"Idrisov Ainur Dinarovich","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bashkir state medical university","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Idrisov","middleName":"Ainur","lastName":"Dinarovich","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-29 09:06:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":true,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6333036/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6333036/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79673770,"identity":"ff08b211-6722-4043-b7e1-d7258a712542","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-01 11:50:33","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":242132,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe ratio of girls with breast diseases admitted to the gynecological department of the RDKB, with the proportions of girls aged 0 to 17 years inclusive, living in the corresponding territories.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6333036/v1/eb9d06379f3586aba753d36c.png"},{"id":79673766,"identity":"ea0d186b-655c-4485-b01b-84106fec5f32","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-01 11:50:33","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":218908,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAge structure of girls with breast diseases. The average age of girls with fibroepithelial breast diseases (FEBD) was 15.3 years, with intraductal papillomas it was 16.5 years, and with inflammatory diseases it was 12.7 years. Our data differ from the literature, as most researchers indicate that the average age in the group of patients with FEBD is 14 years [Olarinoye-Akorede SA; Ezer SS, Oguzkurt P, Ince E].\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6333036/v1/9fa65ad51a3114bcb3c974c3.png"},{"id":79673765,"identity":"7aad25eb-da52-418c-ba76-320e2d4e4479","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-01 11:50:33","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":181966,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eStructure of breast diseases in girls. The proportion of fibroepithelial diseases in the studied group of girls was 89.2%, which is significantly higher than the data reported in the literature. For instance, in one study, hyperplastic changes were found in 14.8–35.9%, while nodular forms were observed in 27.4% [Sergienko M.Yu., Khurasev V.B.]. The average age of patients with fibroepithelial breast diseases (FEBD) was 15.3 years, which corresponds to the data from domestic authors who assert that focal hyperplasias are more frequently noted after the age of 15 [Letyagin V.P., Vysotskaya I.V.].\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6333036/v1/142a7f82d5c7180373e41638.png"},{"id":79676517,"identity":"08384f5b-9858-4551-904e-e3c897f82805","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-01 12:14:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":969557,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6333036/v1/c264a8d5-e38a-46f9-840a-d90f5f1cd02f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eDiseases of the Mammary Glands in Girls: Structure and Clinical Features\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to existing classifications, anomalies and developmental disorders of the breast, non-tumorous diseases, as well as benign and malignant tumors are distinguished in childhood [Kaneda HJ, Mack J; Travina ML, Popov AG, Popov SA]. The highest risk of developing benign and malignant breast tumors is characteristic of children aged 7 to 17 years [Kaneda HJ, Mack J; Travina ML, Popov AG]. Overall, considering all nosologies, the frequency of breast diseases in girls ranges from 0.1–3.25%, but the number of literary sources is limited [Mubarak F, Malick A; Umanah IN, Akhiwu W; Rodríguez VA, Toro GJA]. Benign and malignant neoplasms of the breast in children and adolescents are less common than in adults, with a frequency ranging from 5–12% [Vysotskaya IV; Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz P]. The most common are fibroadenomas, accounting for 95% of all neoplasms [Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz P], while breast cancer is extremely rare (less than 1% of all diseases) [Vysotskaya IV].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere may have been an increase in breast disease incidence among children in recent decades. One of the first works dedicated to this issue, published in 1969, described only 9 girls aged from 7 months to 16 years with breast formations identified at the Toronto Children's Hospital over 40 years [Simpson JS, Barson AJ]. Ross DS and Giri DD published a study in 2017 describing 48 girls aged ≤ 18 years with 54 fibroepithelial lesions of the breast identified over a 10-year period [Ross DS, Giri DD]. In 2019, at the Southeast Medical Center of the University of Texas, there were 169 patients with 277 formations showing signs typical of fibroadenomas over a 4-year period. Thus, the proportion of girls among all examined patients with breast formations was 13.9% [Omar L].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, studies conducted in Central Africa and Turkey showed a low prevalence of breast diseases in girls. In a breast ultrasound study conducted over 2 years at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital in Zaria (Nigeria), only 25 children aged from 40 days to 19 years (average age 14.8 ± 4.1 years) with breast formations were identified, which accounted for only 0.11% of all patients [Olarinoye-Akorede SA]. In the research center of Baskent University in Adana (Turkey), 10 patients with breast tumors were operated on over 8 years, with an average age of 14 years [Ezer SS, Oguzkurt P, Ince E].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThus, the existing data on the frequency and structure of breast diseases in girls is contradictory and requires further study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eThe aim of the work\u003c/strong\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eto study the structure of breast diseases in girls\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eA retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 121 adolescent girls with breast diseases who were referred to the gynecological department of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa over a period of three years was conducted. Ultrasound examinations, fine-needle biopsies, and histological studies of the removed formations were performed. The patients are under observation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOver the three years (2022–2024), 121 girls aged 3 to 17 years received treatment for breast diseases in the gynecological department of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa. The majority of the patients lived in the city of Ufa – 28.9% (n = 35), while 9.1% (n = 11) were referred from the cities of Sterlitamak and 6.6% (n = 8) from Salavat. Additionally, 18.2% (n = 22) were referred from other cities, and 23.1% (n = 28) were from rural areas. When comparing the proportions of girls admitted with breast diseases to the percentage of girls aged 0 to 17 years inclusive in the specified territories (data for 2023 [bdex.ru]), we found complete correspondence of the indicators (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), which allows us to conclude that the prevalence of breast diseases is similar among girls living in both large and small cities, as well as in rural areas.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe risk of developing benign breast diseases in girls has not been studied, but when compared to the risk of developing breast cancer, established risk factors include socioeconomic status, age at menarche, and reproductive history [Krisanits B, Randise JF]. In recent years, the socioeconomic status of the population in urban and rural areas has not significantly differed. The main risk factor for the development of breast pathology has become the increased consumption of animal protein, caffeinated beverages, and artificially sweetened products, which have been proven to lead to early menarche [Carwile et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Mueller et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Villamor \u0026amp; Jansen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study of the age structure of patients showed that inflammatory breast diseases were equally common among girls in all age groups. The youngest patient, aged 3 years, was found to have a breast abscess. We did not have any patients aged 3 to 11 years. In the older age group of girls aged 13 to 17, benign formations were identified in the overwhelming majority of cases. One 11-year-old girl was referred for surgical treatment due to gigantomastia (Fig.\u0026nbsp;2).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen studying the structure of breast diseases, it was found that in the overwhelming majority of cases, 89.2% (n = 108), girls were diagnosed with benign formations, inflammatory diseases were diagnosed in 8.2% (n = 10) of observations, intraductal papillomas in 1.7% (n = 2), and gigantomastia in 0.8% (n = 1) of cases (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eBased on the results of our study, we can conclude that breast diseases in girls are not rare; over the course of 3 years, 121 girls received treatment at the RDKB in Ufa. The average age of patients with FEBD was 15.3 years, with intraductal papillomas it was 16.5 years, and with inflammatory diseases it was 12.7 years. In the structure of breast diseases, fibroepithelial diseases predominated, accounting for 89.2%.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval and Consent to Participate:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Bashkir State Medical University. The authors confirm that all research was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, and consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; Contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul type=\"disc\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAhmed Eid Zarif Shehata\u003c/strong\u003e: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMohamed Hani Labib Hamed\u003c/strong\u003e: Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIdrisov Ainur Dinarovich\u003c/strong\u003e: Writing- Reviewing and Editing.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding Statement:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI would like to thank my colleagues for their expertise and assistance throughout all aspects of our study and for their help in writing the manuscript, particularly Professor Muslimova Sofia Yuryevna for her guidance and support.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVysotskaya I.V., Letyagin V.P., Vorotnikov I.K., Kim E.A., Kirsanov V.Yu., Polikarpova S.B. Focal pathology of the mammary glands in adolescent girls. Questions of Modern Pediatrics. 2020; 19 (4):304\u0026ndash;308. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v19i4.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetyagin V.P., Vysotskaya I.V. Benign diseases of the mammary glands. \u0026mdash; 2nd ed., revised. \u0026mdash; Moscow, MIA; 2019. \u0026mdash; 104 p.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSergienko M.Yu. Epidemiology and risk factors for the development of adolescent mastopathy. Medical and Social Problems of Family 2011;4(16):48\u0026ndash;51.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTravina M.L., Popov A.G., Popov S.A., Kulikova E.V. Clinical classification of diseases and conditions of the mammary glands in children and adolescents // Questions of Modern Pediatrics. \u0026mdash; 2016. \u0026mdash; Vol. 15. \u0026mdash; No. 4. \u0026mdash; P. 385\u0026ndash;390. doi: 10.15690/vsp.v15i4.1590.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTravina M.L., Popov A.G. Clinical mammology \u0026mdash; are there problems in pediatrics? // Farmateka. \u0026mdash; 2016. \u0026mdash; No. 8. \u0026mdash; P. 72\u0026ndash;75.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhurasev F.B. Functional (dysg hormonal) hyperplasia of the mammary glands in adolescent girls during puberty. Kursk: KGMU, 1999. 193 p.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarwile JL, et al. (2015). Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and age at menarche in a prospective study of US girls. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 30(3), 675\u0026ndash;683.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEzer SS, Oguzkurt P, Ince E, Temiz A, Bolat FA, Hicsonmez A. Surgical treatment of solid breast masses in female adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2013 Feb;26(1):31-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2012.09.004. Epub 2012 Nov 15. PMID: 23158756.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKaneda HJ, Mack J, Kasales CJ, Schetter S. Pediatric and adolescent breast masses: a review of pathophysiology, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013 Feb;200(2): W204-12. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.9560. PMID: 23345385.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKrisanits B, Randise JF, Burton CE, Findlay VJ, Turner DP. Pubertal mammary development as a \u0026quot;susceptibility window\u0026quot; for breast cancer disparity. Adv Cancer Res. 2020;146:57-82. doi: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.01.004. Epub 2020 Mar 9. PMID: 32241392; PMCID: PMC10084741.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMubarak F, Malick A, Sattar AK. Breast development and disorders in children and adolescents. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. (2023) 53(7):101441. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2023.101441.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMueller NT, et al. (2015). Consumption of caffeinated and artificially sweetened soft drinks is associated with risk of early menarche. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(3), 648\u0026ndash;654.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOlarinoye-Akorede SA, Ibinaiye PO, Suleiman LB. Ultrasonographic review of pediatric breast masses among Nigerian children in a tertiary hospital. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2020 Jul-Dec;17(3 \u0026amp; 4):54-58. doi: 10.4103/ajps.AJPS_57_17. PMID: 33342834; PMCID: PMC8051630.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOmar L, Gleason MK, Pfeifer CM, Sharma P, Kwon JK. Management of palpable pediatric breast masses with ultrasound characteristics of fibroadenoma: A more conservative approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2019 Feb;212(2):450-455. doi: 10.2214/AJR.17.19482. Epub 2018 Nov 26. PMID: 30476459.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRodr\u0026iacute;guez VA, Toro GJA, L\u0026oacute;pez CE, et al. Breast pathology in children: Experience from three pediatric hospitals. Patol Rev Latinoam. 2010;48(3).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRoss DS, Giri DD, Akram MM, Catalano JP, Olcese C, Van Zee KJ, Brogi E. Fibroepithelial lesions in the breast of adolescent females: A clinicopathological study of 54 cases. Breast J. 2017 Mar;23(2):182-192. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12706. Epub 2016 Nov 4. PMID: 28299887; PMCID: PMC5356480.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimpson JS, Barson AJ. Breast tumors in infants and children: a 40-year review of cases at a children\u0026apos;s hospital. Can Med Assoc J. 1969 Jul 26;101(2):100-2. PMID: 5794134; PMCID: PMC1946076.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSosnowska-Sienkiewicz P, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D, Mańkowski P. Benign and malignant breast lesions in children and adolescents - diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Front Pediatr. 2024 Oct 23;12:1417050. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1417050. PMID: 39507494; PMCID: PMC11537988.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUmanah IN, Akhiwu W, Ojo OS. Breast tumors of adolescents in an African population. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2010;7:78-80.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVillamor E, \u0026amp; Jansen EC (2016). Nutritional determinants of the timing of puberty. Annual Review of Public Health, 37, 33\u0026ndash;46.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Bashkir State Medical University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Breast Cancer, Adolescent Girls‚ Mammary Glands‚ Fibroepithelial Diseases","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6333036/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6333036/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA study was conducted on the structure of breast diseases in 121 girls aged 3 to 17 years inclusive, who received treatment at the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa over a period of three years (2022\u0026ndash;2024). Fibroepithelial diseases of the breast were identified in 89.2% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;108) of the cases, inflammatory diseases were diagnosed in 8.2% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10) of the observations, intraductal papillomas in 1.7% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2), and gigantomastia in 0.8% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1) of the cases. The average age of girls with fibroepithelial breast diseases was 15.3 years, with intraductal papillomas 16.5 years, and with inflammatory diseases 12,7 years.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Diseases of the Mammary Glands in Girls: Structure and Clinical Features","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-01 11:50:28","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6333036/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"60cdb783-72b7-4177-9682-f407dd3fadb6","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 1st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":46497981,"name":"Pediatrics"},{"id":46497982,"name":"Obstetrics \u0026 Gynecology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-02T20:29:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-01 11:50:28","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6333036","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6333036","identity":"rs-6333036","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}