Development of PESCAD: An Inductive Method of Mathematics Teaching

Development of PESCAD: An Inductive Method of Mathematics Teaching | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Development of PESCAD: An Inductive Method of Mathematics Teaching Karl Leugim Bernarte This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3805904/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study focused on the creation of a teaching approach called PESCAD, which follows an inductive method. It involved developing a sample lesson and examining how experts and professionals would assess it. The project aimed to delve on the analysis, design, development, and evaluation of the lesson exemplar incorporating PESCAD; the effectiveness of PESCAD in fostering 21st-century skills; the efficacy of PESCAD in promoting higher-order thinking skills; how Mathematics educators would assess PESCAD based on reliability, effectiveness, feasibility, inclusivity, and flexibility; and the feedback and recommendations from the evaluators to enhance PESCAD further. The research employed a descriptive-developmental approach, where the researcher constructed a sample mathematics lesson as a representation of the inductive teaching method. Six mathematics teachers from Nueva Ecija High School evaluated the lesson. The findings indicate that PESCAD has the potential to enhance 21st-century skills and higher-order thinking skills among students. The evaluators also expressed confidence in its reliability, effectiveness, feasibility, inclusivity, and flexibility. They also acknowledged PESCAD's ability to improve students' retention of knowledge. Additionally, they suggested incorporating real-life applications and gradually increasing the complexity of examples to encourage critical thinking among students. Inductive teaching method 21st Century Skills Higher-order thinking skills Mathematics Teaching Lesson exemplar Pedagogy Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3805904","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":280638987,"identity":"774f0688-2834-44fb-99f3-05e2897dde08","order_by":0,"name":"Karl Leugim Bernarte","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Wesleyan University Philippines","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Karl","middleName":"Leugim","lastName":"Bernarte","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-12-26 02:14:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3805904/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3805904/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":58047057,"identity":"8daeb597-e37b-4e36-a7e0-e7aaa43ccb8b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-10 11:48:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":548320,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DevelopmentofPESCADAnInductiveMethodofMathematicsTeaching.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3805904/v1_covered_387812ed-93b2-44aa-a814-fb19bb4a7002.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Development of PESCAD: An Inductive Method of Mathematics Teaching","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Inductive teaching method, 21st Century Skills, Higher-order thinking skills, Mathematics Teaching, Lesson exemplar, Pedagogy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3805904/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3805904/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study focused on the creation of a teaching approach called PESCAD, which follows an inductive method. 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