Gliosarcoma with Extensive Extracranial Metastatic Spread and Familial Coincidence: An Illustrative Case

Gliosarcoma is a rare histopathological subtype of glioblastoma. Metastatic spreading is very unusual. In this report, we illustrate a case of gliosarcoma with extensive extracranial metastases with confirmation of histological and molecular concordance between the primary tumor and a metastatic lesion of the lung. Moreover, the case revealed a family coincidence of glial tumors as the patient’s son was diagnosed with a high-grade glioma shortly after the patient’s death. By molecular analysis (Sanger and next generation panel sequencing), we could confirm that both patients carried mutations in the TP53 gene. Interestingly, the detected mutations were located in different exons. According to the current scientific knowledge, even further genetic findings do not explain the aggressive metastatic spread observed in the reported case nor reveal a family tumor syndrome. In conclusion, the molecular mechanisms leading to a metastatic phenotype of gliosarcoma remain unknown and should be studied further.