Mechanical Effects of Taper Angles in Implant–Abutment Connection: A Finite Element Study

Mechanical Effects of Taper Angles in Implant–Abutment Connection: A Finite Element Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Mechanical Effects of Taper Angles in Implant–Abutment Connection: A Finite Element Study Miho Tokumoto, Tatsuya Matsuzaki, Nobuo Sakai, Ikiru Atsuta, Yasunori Ayukawa This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798884/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose To analyze how the taper angle (defined here as the half‑angle per side) influences the mechanics of the implant–abutment connection using finite element analysis. Methods Three‑dimensional finite element models (implant body, abutment, and screw) with taper angles of 8°, 15°, 18°, and 22° were established in ABAQUS/CAE. All components were modeled as linearly elastic Ti‑6Al‑4V (E = 110 GPa, ν = 0.35). Frictional contact (µ = 0.3) was assigned at the taper and screw interfaces. A bolt load of 605 N (equivalent to 35 Ncm) was applied and then released to assess the press‑fit retention. Under the maintained preload, 100-N vertical and horizontal loads (unidirectional and bidirectional) were applied for five cycles. The primary outcomes are the abutment displacement, implant von Mises stress, bolt load change, and microgap size. Results Smaller taper angles (8°, 15°) retained press‑fit after preload release, whereas larger angles (18°, 22°) lost press‑fit contact. As the taper angle decreased, the abutment sinking, implant stresses, and bolt load loss increased. The effect of the loading direction follows the order: vertical < horizontal (unidirectional) < horizontal (bidirectional). Microgaps decreased with smaller taper angles and cycling. Conclusion Taper angle differences affect press-fit, abutment displacement, screw loosening, stress distribution, and microgap formation. dental implant taper angle implant–abutment connection finite element analysis press-fit abutment displacement preload loss microgap stress distribution Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 11 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 28 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 08 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 07 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7798884","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":536130750,"identity":"0fd90130-cbc4-48a2-91a0-52a1ac666de7","order_by":0,"name":"Miho Tokumoto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kyushu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Miho","middleName":"","lastName":"Tokumoto","suffix":""},{"id":536130751,"identity":"9a9c94a2-23cf-4d6e-9ce8-752089db94f3","order_by":1,"name":"Tatsuya Matsuzaki","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACG8YGIAkmDGBiYB4WwAORSgMSzKRpOYxFCy5gL3b4+cOfbedl+6X7DzDObDtsby6RwCbBUGPHwDwbuzU80mmGzbxtt41nzjnMwLix7XDizhkgLceSGRjnHMChJcGwmbHtduKGG0BFD9sOJxjcyP8mwcB2gIFxRgIOLekfG3+2nUvcD9Vib3ADZMs/fFpyDBt42w4kbpBIBjuMcQNIC2MbHi23cwpn85xLNp5xI9ng4Ixz6YkbzjxgtkjsS+bB5Rf22ekbPv4os5Ptn5H48GFPmbW9wfEExhsfvtnJGeIIMRRwgJENygI6icdwBmEdQPAHiS0vQZSWUTAKRsEoGP4AABSPYlkMft8wAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Kyushu University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tatsuya","middleName":"","lastName":"Matsuzaki","suffix":""},{"id":536130755,"identity":"71b0c1bf-027a-44d5-a0e2-3b86c683f431","order_by":2,"name":"Nobuo Sakai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nobuo","middleName":"","lastName":"Sakai","suffix":""},{"id":536130759,"identity":"1215d961-ed06-4aa4-84e0-e70982f34dfe","order_by":3,"name":"Ikiru Atsuta","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kyushu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ikiru","middleName":"","lastName":"Atsuta","suffix":""},{"id":536130761,"identity":"38feef70-2235-4308-83ad-df6ddb00bd38","order_by":4,"name":"Yasunori Ayukawa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kyushu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yasunori","middleName":"","lastName":"Ayukawa","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-07 11:08:41","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798884/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798884/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":94823088,"identity":"9997f3e3-fe4f-42bd-89f2-78790d4f62c4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:46:06","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1576290,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/08eec78780d751cfd0fe2c28.docx"},{"id":94746907,"identity":"19fd3f01-eade-4df4-87cb-c7f99d4e7f48","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6837,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ba06d96056e74759a676bcafae0af4d2.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/f1983b3093216e328e19c00d.json"},{"id":94823044,"identity":"500aa3b4-0108-4eb9-90b2-05fd308c13af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:45:56","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":60346,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ba06d96056e74759a676bcafae0af4d21enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/fea50ce55c4adc77bf050c0a.xml"},{"id":94823868,"identity":"b4bf293b-861a-4ea3-900c-0e20ea610d61","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:48:10","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":202716,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/a7a72a3840db163c68844fe2.png"},{"id":94746910,"identity":"f10d22de-f08f-4279-b47a-e5390c42d327","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":82924,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/2b504f42a5423cd26fc22973.png"},{"id":94746908,"identity":"bf304cb6-b4d0-4d86-ada3-6384336de2de","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":52968,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/3ed42032696b0a0a8dea73fd.png"},{"id":94823184,"identity":"90b940ad-9331-4c90-89c2-f879076afbca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:46:39","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":113010,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/293d0063555e3a70526ee3e4.png"},{"id":94823701,"identity":"fab5f790-c22a-4248-9874-0bf2cdde7b4f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:47:51","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":90389,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/35582b6cca8d0abd73432e98.png"},{"id":94824009,"identity":"257b4f06-6ab7-4eef-99b5-ad17aeca208b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:48:22","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":266345,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/458c974c5b55a298c7f20eb6.png"},{"id":94823621,"identity":"2991c63d-5d6f-4238-ad70-e18660ceb5d5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:47:40","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":74388,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/a70d7591fab7ce8c258c871a.png"},{"id":94823990,"identity":"74d6b708-5eb4-40d9-87db-f7d00fc99fbb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:48:21","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":82880,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/56ac811a2046d83442c3fbc0.png"},{"id":94746912,"identity":"836d4ccb-664e-46f5-9d3a-302e09c5689e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":44267,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/23f10c547c9e7e9d289bb15d.png"},{"id":94746926,"identity":"8769a216-c8fa-420d-975b-3cebc5cdbdf2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":59395,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/090486ff25a66f5da2066680.png"},{"id":94823101,"identity":"21d40c5a-1942-4762-9003-4d3fe4d55913","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:46:07","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":57996,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/af3567436097c8a1d1a234e6.png"},{"id":94746931,"identity":"14704b9e-3d6b-4f0b-bcfc-3c12f42a0468","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":222498,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/e61e5eeecea1cff13adff90d.png"},{"id":94823119,"identity":"7c37282c-999c-4ff0-9031-c7e7461d3552","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:46:13","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":96102,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/257a4c22fba192ed831bd398.png"},{"id":94823157,"identity":"e34bf084-ba59-4001-9947-9e11cb29e55b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:46:30","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":79104,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/bbaab1bdf6fe267cbd36f8d2.png"},{"id":94746916,"identity":"6df5e00c-657b-42e7-b027-8dbec724c9b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":38315,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/9a7d922a02803c4d3e203cde.png"},{"id":94823827,"identity":"03495e0f-ea9e-40af-b370-7eb817a0f444","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:48:06","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":28301,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/360c2a584053e2a438b3bdd8.png"},{"id":94746928,"identity":"1b0638b7-26fc-4261-ad15-e512d6f5f56a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":22952,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/06740a3d39c2749305488c62.png"},{"id":94746933,"identity":"45be2972-8b9b-498f-8dcf-dfe52b220655","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":22639,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/e3f143bc8fe6038e0ff9d70a.png"},{"id":94823955,"identity":"b2e3a273-a6c7-41fe-9391-c4db28d45e27","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:48:19","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":18919,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/0ef02b145673d585820ecdf5.png"},{"id":94823016,"identity":"1ba962c3-70a2-419e-bff0-251a56e5a17d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:45:48","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":46509,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/90c0a5618a49d7505343e6d9.png"},{"id":94746938,"identity":"b352e770-4d0b-48db-ab11-80482d30ef83","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12972,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/4064816bf33de023a2ef05d3.png"},{"id":94746921,"identity":"15a9c01f-75af-4e3f-9acb-2a652c9e503c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":18233,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/42553937778f641fbdb5b2ea.png"},{"id":94823904,"identity":"b5aa7e2e-3ec3-4be6-b861-d492a704d26f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:48:16","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":24135,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/88d0bc1f359610cd20618cf4.png"},{"id":94823899,"identity":"7346942f-a6bb-4cd2-b3c1-0259c3531d45","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:48:15","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":11986,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/0a070c8f84eacc5cab636ac6.png"},{"id":94746930,"identity":"d29d8e56-9aeb-4d9c-abc7-3343dde5418e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":21065,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/b0a8f6e39d57b1efb291a07e.png"},{"id":94746935,"identity":"9abb5263-d1be-454c-b303-3fd8c3aae603","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":39844,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/0c5b7c85708c4f62c122e5ad.png"},{"id":94823843,"identity":"ffaaff83-3672-4ba7-a0b5-4a446f1b18f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:48:06","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":22449,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/4fce8bc414a88804cd395864.png"},{"id":94746937,"identity":"f199e271-a086-49a9-be84-d1aa0b703c9b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":28742,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/e1c9fdc5ce1a1a0bf549215a.png"},{"id":94823041,"identity":"f641933f-9a8a-4671-aef7-f39cfd5f0fa2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:45:55","extension":"xml","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":58273,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ba06d96056e74759a676bcafae0af4d21structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/18ef75b24b1efdf2ae29879e.xml"},{"id":94746940,"identity":"bcd8e896-ba47-45d5-96a7-d9acb129ff56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 09:45:19","extension":"html","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":68600,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1/0c16a47f860a145d6cee8f03.html"},{"id":94827171,"identity":"48a01f7b-a837-43b9-bd25-380fc8a85d19","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:55:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":995927,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7798884/v1_covered_b1c34e01-0c7d-4c21-8f03-64d05d24ef36.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Mechanical Effects of Taper Angles in Implant–Abutment Connection: A Finite Element Study","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-implant-dentistry","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"IJID","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Implant Dentistry](https://journalimplantdent.springeropen.com/)","snPcode":"40729","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40729/3","title":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"dental implant, taper angle, implant–abutment connection, finite element analysis, press-fit, abutment displacement, preload loss, microgap, stress distribution","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798884/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798884/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo analyze how the taper angle (defined here as the half‑angle per side) influences the mechanics of the implant\u0026ndash;abutment connection using finite element analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThree‑dimensional finite element models (implant body, abutment, and screw) with taper angles of 8\u0026deg;, 15\u0026deg;, 18\u0026deg;, and 22\u0026deg; were established in ABAQUS/CAE. All components were modeled as linearly elastic Ti‑6Al‑4V (E\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;110 GPa, ν\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.35). Frictional contact (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.3) was assigned at the taper and screw interfaces. A bolt load of 605 N (equivalent to 35 Ncm) was applied and then released to assess the press‑fit retention. Under the maintained preload, 100-N vertical and horizontal loads (unidirectional and bidirectional) were applied for five cycles. The primary outcomes are the abutment displacement, implant von Mises stress, bolt load change, and microgap size.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSmaller taper angles (8\u0026deg;, 15\u0026deg;) retained press‑fit after preload release, whereas larger angles (18\u0026deg;, 22\u0026deg;) lost press‑fit contact. As the taper angle decreased, the abutment sinking, implant stresses, and bolt load loss increased. The effect of the loading direction follows the order: vertical\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;horizontal (unidirectional)\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;horizontal (bidirectional). Microgaps decreased with smaller taper angles and cycling.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTaper angle differences affect press-fit, abutment displacement, screw loosening, stress distribution, and microgap formation.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Mechanical Effects of Taper Angles in Implant–Abutment Connection: A Finite Element Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-30 09:45:14","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798884/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-11T05:44:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-28T08:43:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-20T01:07:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"127775239504537902446482829047631337990","date":"2025-10-19T23:55:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"288677392945504444848575643856696748267","date":"2025-10-18T00:33:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-16T02:43:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-08T17:41:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-08T11:15:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","date":"2025-10-07T11:03:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-implant-dentistry","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"IJID","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Implant Dentistry](https://journalimplantdent.springeropen.com/)","snPcode":"40729","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/40729/3","title":"International Journal of Implant Dentistry","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a378649e-cd15-450c-a2ba-ae2aa5efe463","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-21T12:08:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-30 09:45:14","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7798884","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7798884","identity":"rs-7798884","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}