Assessment of the knowledge of parents of children treated for epilepsy

Assessment of the knowledge of parents of children treated for epilepsy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Assessment of the knowledge of parents of children treated for epilepsy Soufiane El Moussaoui, Oualid Assem, Tarik Atmsine, Widad Lahmini, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7447695/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 18 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in children, significantly affecting their lives and those of their families. To assess parents' knowledge of childhood epilepsy, we conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Material and methods : This survey was carried out among parents of children receiving treatment for epilepsy at the Provincial Hospital of Ouarzazate, Morocco. The study period extended from March 1 to September 1, 2024. Results :The study revealed several gaps in the understanding of epilepsy. Nearly 72% of parents had no prior knowledge of the disease before their child's diagnosis, and 67% did not know the cause of epilepsy. Moreover, erroneous beliefs, such as viewing the disease as caused by evil spirits or as a mental illness, persisted among a significant number of parents. Conclusion: These findings underscore the urgent need to improve knowledges, education for parents to better manage childhood epilepsy, particularly through information campaigns tailored to the local cultural and social realities. Introduction Epilepsy is one of the most common pediatric neurological disorders, significantly affecting the lives of children and their families[ 1 ]. In the Moroccan context, where cultural beliefs and access to information can vary, it is crucial to assess parents' knowledge of this condition. A good understanding of epilepsy and its manifestations can not only improve the quality of life of affected children but also reduce the stigma often associated with this pathology. To this end, a survey was conducted among parents of children treated for epilepsy in Morocco to assess their level of knowledge about epilepsy. By identifying information gaps and needs, this study aims to provide recommendations to increase awareness and improve the care and quality of life of children treated for epilepsy in the Moroccan context. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey aimed at assessing parents' knowledge of childhood epilepsy. The survey took place in the emergency department, neurology and pediatrics consultation at the Sidi Hssain Benasser Provincial Hospital in Ouarzazate, Morocco. It lasted approximately 6 months, from March 1 to September 1, 2024. During the study period, parents of children treated for epilepsy who presented to the pediatric emergency department and pediatric and neurological consultation at the Ouarzazate Provincial Hospital were included in the study after oral consent. In order to carry out this study, a questionnaire was developed. It was adapted to the Moroccan sociocultural context and pre-tested with parents before arriving at its final version. The questionnaire consisted of 32 questions in total. All questions were closed-ended, single-choice questions. Only one question was open-ended. The survey was conducted by a single medical student at the end of his general medicine course, supervised by a professor of pediatrics. All participants were informed of the objectives of the study, their participation was voluntary and their anonymity was respected. The data were collected using a previously computerized questionnaire. The data for the study were obtained by the method of direct interview of the parents. This interview took place in the form of a questionnaire comprising 32 questions translated orally into Arabic dialect since our sample included illiterate people and into Berber since the presence of Berber parents. After collecting all the responses, the questionnaire followed a discussion with the parents in order to raise awareness and correct bad practices relating to the management of epilepsy in children. The tools used for the realization of this study were: "Microsoft office Excel" which was used for the analytical study of the results, "Google Forms" which was used for the entry and statistical analysis of the data. The statistical analysis was of simple univariate type. Results The majority of parents surveyed (n = 59), i.e., 72%, had no information about epilepsy before their child's diagnosis. For parents who answered yes to the previous question (n = 32), the majority of them (34.8%) confirmed that the source was the media. Nearly a third, or 30.5%, were diagnosed more than 2 years ago. Most of the parents interviewed (n = 61) had information after the diagnosis of epilepsy. After the diagnosis of epilepsy, the responses changed as the main source became health personnel, with a percentage of 50.8%. More than a third (n = 28) of the parents surveyed answered "Yes". The majority of parents, 84.1%, stated that epilepsy is a non-contagious disease, while 61% thought that epilepsy was a hereditary disease. More than a third (35.77%) were convinced that evil spirits are one of the causes of epilepsy. The majority of parents (71%) reported that epilepsy was an incurable disease. In our study, the majority of parents (n = 65) reported experiencing the symptoms of an epileptic seizure, with a percentage of 79.2%. Among the parents who answered yes to the previous question (n = 65), about half of them (50.7%) thought that convulsion was the main symptom of an epileptic seizure. Two-thirds (67%) of our sample did not know the cause of their children's epilepsy (Tab). Table: Assessment of knowledge before and after diagnosis of epilepsy Number of cases (n = 23) Percentage Main source of information before diagnosis Media 8 34.8% Internet 6 26.1% Health professionals 3 13.1% Family 4 17.3% Other 2 8.7% Age of diagnosis Less than 6 months 19 23.1% 6 months – 1 year 18 22% 1 to 2 years 20 24.4% More than 2 years 25 30.5% Main source of information after diagnosis Media 11 18% Internet 7 11.5% Health professionals 31 50.8% Family 9 14.7% Other 3 5% Main symptom of epileptic seizures Convulsion 33 50.7% Loss of consciousness 10 15.4% Confusion 2 3.2% Absence 6 9.2% Involuntary movements 14 21.5% Discussion In our study, 72% of parents had no prior knowledge about epilepsy before their child was diagnosed. This data is comparable to several studies conducted in developing countries, where general knowledge about epilepsy is low. For example, a study conducted by Frank-Briggs et al in Nigeria found that 64% of parents did not know what epilepsy was before their child was diagnosed [ 2 ]. This low awareness is often explained by a lack of access to information campaigns and systematic awareness-raising in low-income countries. However, a study conducted in Saudi Arabia by Alharthi showed that 46.9% of parents had prior knowledge of epilepsy before diagnosis[ 3 ]. This rate, although relatively low, is higher than in African contexts, probably due to better dissemination of medical information in this region. In developed countries, the trend is opposite. A study conducted in Canada by Ryan et al showed that 87% of parents had already heard of epilepsy before diagnosis. This contrast is explained by the high level of education and wider access to health education and awareness in these countries, often supported by medical institutions and public campaigns[ 4 ]. In our study, the media was the main source of information about epilepsy before diagnosis, cited by 34.8% of parents, followed by the Internet at 26.1%. This finding is similar to that of Rani's study in India, where 40% of parents cited the media as their primary source of information. This phenomenon may be explained by the ease of access to the media, particularly in areas where specialized medical consultations may be less available [ 5 ]. Conversely, in studies conducted in developed countries such as Canada, healthcare professionals are often cited as the primary source of information. Ryan et al. 's study found that 55% of parents sought information directly from professionals even before their child was diagnosed. This contrast reflects better healthcare infrastructure and more direct access to reliable medical sources in high-income countries. The results of our study showed that 76% of parents received information about epilepsy after their child's diagnosis. Our results showed a notable change after diagnosis, with the main source of information being healthcare professionals at 50.8%. The international literature on epilepsy shows similar trends to those observed in our study. Parents in low-income countries often have limited knowledge of epilepsy before diagnosis, relying on media sources or traditional beliefs. After diagnosis, they seek information from health professionals, reflecting an increased need for access to reliable medical information[ 6 ]. In developed countries, parents are generally better informed from the start, and erroneous cultural beliefs are less common[ 7 – 8 ]. Conclusion Our study clearly demonstrated that parents' knowledge of epilepsy varies considerably depending on cultural background, education level, and access to medical information. However, some universal trends emerge. Appropriate information and psychological support play a central role in helping parents understand the disease to overcome gaps in parents' knowledge, particularly in contexts where stigma and harmful beliefs persist. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The approval was made by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Marrakech and by Hospital direction numbered with a Ref. (SAA No. 252/2020). It was stated that all participants provided oral consent from parents or legal guardians for participants under the age of 16. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly accessible due to ethical and privacy restrictions. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Funding Sources This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. References Jan MMS. Perception of pediatric neurology among non-neurologists. J. Child Neurol. 2004;19:1‑5. Frank-Briggs AI, Alikor E a. D. Knowledge and attitudes of parents toward children with epilepsy. Ann. Afr. Med. 2011;10:238‑42. Alharthi AS, Alzahrani SA, Alharbi AA, Al Thobaiti LY, Alghamdi YS, Al Shumrani KM, et al. Parents’ Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude Toward Children With Epilepsy in the Al Baha Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 15:e48057. Ryan BL, Speechley KN, Levin SD, Stewart M. Parents’ and physicians’ perceptions of childhood epilepsy. Seizure 2003;12:359‑68. Rani A, Thomas PT. Parental Knoweldge, Attitude, and Perception about Epilepsy and Sociocultural Barriers to Treatment. J. Epilepsy Res. 2019;9:65‑75. Phelan SM, Salinas M, Pankey T, Cummings G, Allen JSP, Waniger A, et al. Patient and Health Care Professional Perspectives on Stigma in Integrated Behavioral Health: Barriers and Recommendations. Ann. Fam. Med. 2023;21:S56‑60. Epilepsies I of M (US) C on the PHD of the, England MJ, Liverman CT, Schultz AM, Strawbridge LM. Health Professional Education [Internet]. In: Epilepsy Across the Spectrum: Promoting Health and Understanding. National Academies Press (US); 2012 [cité 2024 oct 6]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK100591/ Shaw EJ, Stokes T, Camosso‐Stefinovic J, Baker R, Baker GA, Jacoby A. Self‐management education for adults with epilepsy - Shaw, EJ - 2007 | Cochrane Library. [cité 2024 oct 6];Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004723.pub2/references Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7447695","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":547018354,"identity":"64425c52-f1a8-4eb7-b6d2-86121d4e6ed9","order_by":0,"name":"Soufiane El 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A good understanding of epilepsy and its manifestations can not only improve the quality of life of affected children but also reduce the stigma often associated with this pathology.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo this end, a survey was conducted among parents of children treated for epilepsy in Morocco to assess their level of knowledge about epilepsy. By identifying information gaps and needs, this study aims to provide recommendations to increase awareness and improve the care and quality of life of children treated for epilepsy in the Moroccan context.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey aimed at assessing parents' knowledge of childhood epilepsy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe survey took place in the emergency department, neurology and pediatrics consultation at the Sidi Hssain Benasser Provincial Hospital in Ouarzazate, Morocco. It lasted approximately 6 months, from March 1 to September 1, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring the study period, parents of children treated for epilepsy who presented to the pediatric emergency department and pediatric and neurological consultation at the Ouarzazate Provincial Hospital were included in the study after oral consent.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn order to carry out this study, a questionnaire was developed. It was adapted to the Moroccan sociocultural context and pre-tested with parents before arriving at its final version.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire consisted of 32 questions in total. All questions were closed-ended, single-choice questions. Only one question was open-ended.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe survey was conducted by a single medical student at the end of his general medicine course, supervised by a professor of pediatrics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll participants were informed of the objectives of the study, their participation was voluntary and their anonymity was respected.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data were collected using a previously computerized questionnaire. The data for the study were obtained by the method of direct interview of the parents. This interview took place in the form of a questionnaire comprising 32 questions translated orally into Arabic dialect since our sample included illiterate people and into Berber since the presence of Berber parents. After collecting all the responses, the questionnaire followed a discussion with the parents in order to raise awareness and correct bad practices relating to the management of epilepsy in children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe tools used for the realization of this study were: \"Microsoft office Excel\" which was used for the analytical study of the results, \"Google Forms\" which was used for the entry and statistical analysis of the data. The statistical analysis was of simple univariate type.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e The majority of parents surveyed (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;59), i.e., 72%, had no information about epilepsy before their child's diagnosis. For parents who answered yes to the previous question (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;32), the majority of them (34.8%) confirmed that the source was the media. Nearly a third, or 30.5%, were diagnosed more than 2 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Most of the parents interviewed (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;61) had information after the diagnosis of epilepsy. After the diagnosis of epilepsy, the responses changed as the main source became health personnel, with a percentage of 50.8%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e More than a third (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;28) of the parents surveyed answered \"Yes\". The majority of parents, 84.1%, stated that epilepsy is a non-contagious disease, while 61% thought that epilepsy was a hereditary disease.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore than a third (35.77%) were convinced that evil spirits are one of the causes of epilepsy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe majority of parents (71%) reported that epilepsy was an incurable disease.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn our study, the majority of parents (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;65) reported experiencing the symptoms of an epileptic seizure, with a percentage of 79.2%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong the parents who answered yes to the previous question (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;65), about half of them (50.7%) thought that convulsion was the main symptom of an epileptic seizure. Two-thirds (67%) of our sample did not know the cause of their children's epilepsy (Tab).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan type=\"BoldUnderline\" class=\"BoldUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eTable: Assessment of knowledge before and after diagnosis of epilepsy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNumber of cases (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMain source of information\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ebefore diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34.8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInternet\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.1%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealth professionals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.1%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.3%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.7%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge of diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLess than 6 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.1%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6 months \u0026ndash; 1 year\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1 to 2 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMore than 2 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMain source of information\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eafter diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInternet\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHealth professionals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.8%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.7%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMain symptom of epileptic seizures\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConvulsion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.7%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLoss of consciousness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.4%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConfusion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbsence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.2%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInvoluntary movements\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.5%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e In our study, 72% of parents had no prior knowledge about epilepsy before their child was diagnosed. This data is comparable to several studies conducted in developing countries, where general knowledge about epilepsy is low. For example, a study conducted by Frank-Briggs et al in Nigeria found that 64% of parents did not know what epilepsy was before their child was diagnosed [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis low awareness is often explained by a lack of access to information campaigns and systematic awareness-raising in low-income countries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, a study conducted in Saudi Arabia by Alharthi showed that 46.9% of parents had prior knowledge of epilepsy before diagnosis[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis rate, although relatively low, is higher than in African contexts, probably due to better dissemination of medical information in this region.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn developed countries, the trend is opposite. A study conducted in Canada by Ryan et al showed that 87% of parents had already heard of epilepsy before diagnosis. This contrast is explained by the high level of education and wider access to health education and awareness in these countries, often supported by medical institutions and public campaigns[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn our study, the media was the main source of information about epilepsy before diagnosis, cited by 34.8% of parents, followed by the Internet at 26.1%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis finding is similar to that of Rani's study in India, where 40% of parents cited the media as their primary source of information. This phenomenon may be explained by the ease of access to the media, particularly in areas where specialized medical consultations may be less available [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConversely, in studies conducted in developed countries such as Canada, healthcare professionals are often cited as the primary source of information. Ryan et al. 's study found that 55% of parents sought information directly from professionals even before their child was diagnosed. This contrast reflects better healthcare infrastructure and more direct access to reliable medical sources in high-income countries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The results of our study showed that 76% of parents received information about epilepsy after their child's diagnosis. Our results showed a notable change after diagnosis, with the main source of information being healthcare professionals at 50.8%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe international literature on epilepsy shows similar trends to those observed in our study. Parents in low-income countries often have limited knowledge of epilepsy before diagnosis, relying on media sources or traditional beliefs. After diagnosis, they seek information from health professionals, reflecting an increased need for access to reliable medical information[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn developed countries, parents are generally better informed from the start, and erroneous cultural beliefs are less common[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur study clearly demonstrated that parents' knowledge of epilepsy varies considerably depending on cultural background, education level, and access to medical information. However, some universal trends emerge.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppropriate information and psychological support play a central role in helping parents understand the disease to overcome gaps in parents' knowledge, particularly in contexts where stigma and harmful beliefs persist.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe approval was made by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Marrakech and by Hospital direction numbered with a Ref. (SAA No. 252/2020).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt was stated that all participants provided oral consent from parents or legal guardians for participants under the age of 16.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly accessible due to ethical and privacy restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding Sources\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJan MMS. Perception of pediatric neurology among non-neurologists. J. Child Neurol. 2004;19:1‑5. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFrank-Briggs AI, Alikor E a. D. Knowledge and attitudes of parents toward children with epilepsy. Ann. Afr. Med. 2011;10:238‑42. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlharthi AS, Alzahrani SA, Alharbi AA, Al Thobaiti LY, Alghamdi YS, Al Shumrani KM, et al. Parents\u0026rsquo; Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude Toward Children With Epilepsy in the Al Baha Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 15:e48057. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRyan BL, Speechley KN, Levin SD, Stewart M. Parents\u0026rsquo; and physicians\u0026rsquo; perceptions of childhood epilepsy. Seizure 2003;12:359‑68. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRani A, Thomas PT. Parental Knoweldge, Attitude, and Perception about Epilepsy and Sociocultural Barriers to Treatment. J. Epilepsy Res. 2019;9:65‑75. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhelan SM, Salinas M, Pankey T, Cummings G, Allen JSP, Waniger A, et al. Patient and Health Care Professional Perspectives on Stigma in Integrated Behavioral Health: Barriers and Recommendations. Ann. Fam. Med. 2023;21:S56‑60. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpilepsies I of M (US) C on the PHD of the, England MJ, Liverman CT, Schultz AM, Strawbridge LM. Health Professional Education [Internet]. In: Epilepsy Across the Spectrum: Promoting Health and Understanding. National Academies Press (US); 2012 [cit\u0026eacute; 2024 oct 6]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK100591/ \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShaw EJ, Stokes T, Camosso‐Stefinovic J, Baker R, Baker GA, Jacoby A. Self‐management education for adults with epilepsy - Shaw, EJ - 2007 | Cochrane Library. [cit\u0026eacute; 2024 oct 6];Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004723.pub2/references \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-pediatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bped","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Pediatrics](http://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bped/default.aspx","title":"BMC Pediatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7447695/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7447695/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in children, significantly affecting their lives and those of their families. To assess parents' knowledge of childhood epilepsy, we conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaterial and methods : This survey was carried out among parents of children receiving treatment for epilepsy at the Provincial Hospital of Ouarzazate, Morocco. The study period extended from March 1 to September 1, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults :The study revealed several gaps in the understanding of epilepsy. Nearly 72% of parents had no prior knowledge of the disease before their child's diagnosis, and 67% did not know the cause of epilepsy. Moreover, erroneous beliefs, such as viewing the disease as caused by evil spirits or as a mental illness, persisted among a significant number of parents.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConclusion: These findings underscore the urgent need to improve knowledges, education for parents to better manage childhood epilepsy, particularly through information campaigns tailored to the local cultural and social realities.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Assessment of the knowledge of parents of children treated for epilepsy","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-19 14:59:32","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7447695/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-10T11:09:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-25T15:09:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-23T12:11:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-21T18:57:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"183051562301092566780784140670964762738","date":"2025-11-19T10:51:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-18T14:43:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"58380604792366624166232887223663734623","date":"2025-11-17T09:45:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"77990789234643374604801000240487370351","date":"2025-11-16T22:08:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-13T18:58:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"15327259784680079110899639831899748309","date":"2025-11-12T13:09:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"177653877523217886153990412354925064847","date":"2025-11-12T13:07:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"250395671158848010583341485290334036870","date":"2025-11-12T09:36:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"6914170248350902870367419116312047362","date":"2025-11-12T07:46:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T13:00:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-13T08:06:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-22T05:42:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-21T10:33:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Pediatrics","date":"2025-09-21T10:31:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-pediatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bped","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Pediatrics](http://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bped/default.aspx","title":"BMC Pediatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5ee23ac7-f6fe-4c56-8adb-af40861b4d46","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 19th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-19T14:59:32+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-19 14:59:32","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7447695","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7447695","identity":"rs-7447695","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}