Stochastic dynamics of Galloping Energy Harvesting with Mechanical Impact under Colored Noises

preprint OA: closed
Full text JSON View at publisher
Full text 34,666 characters · extracted from preprint-html · click to expand
Stochastic dynamics of Galloping Energy Harvesting with Mechanical Impact under Colored Noises | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Stochastic dynamics of Galloping Energy Harvesting with Mechanical Impact under Colored Noises Li Liu, Huiling ma, Meng Su, Wei Xu, Wei Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8366386/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in International Journal of Dynamics and Control → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The galloping energy harvesting technique has been widely employed to capture fluid energy by exploiting the aeroelastic instability of mechanical structures in flow fields, providing power for low-energy electronic devices. However, the dynamics of such systems under realistic stochastic wind fluctuations remain a critical challenge, especially when mechanical impacts are involved. To address this, this paper investigates the stochastic response and reliability of a galloping energy harvester (GEH) system with mechanical impacts under Gaussian colored noise excitation. Based on the energy envelope stochastic averaging, the governing equation of the probability density function and the backward equation of the conditional reliability function are derived.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through Monte Carlo numerical simulations. This study analyzes the effects of system parameters on the probability density function, mean square voltage, conditional reliability function, and mean first passage time. The results indicate that the adjustment of parameters can not only enhance the energy harvesting efficiency of the system but also improve its reliability. Galloping energy harvester Fluctuating wind stochastic averaging Impact Stochastic response and reliability Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in International Journal of Dynamics and Control → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8366386","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":564680068,"identity":"1ff62ad4-0de6-4765-ab46-275c60780ce8","order_by":0,"name":"Li Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYGxgMJBjb1bOwNYAHGBkJa2JgZGA4kVKQl8PEcIFYLEB9gOHM4QU4igVgt7DwGBx62Hc5jk3x7TJqHwUZ2wwHmZw/wOwyoJbEtvZhNOi/ZmIchzXjDATZzAyK0WDO2SecYPuZhOJy44QAPmwQRWpgZ2yTPGBzmYfhPpJaEM86JbRI8IFsOEKOFrQAUyMZsPDnGhnMMko1nHmYzw6uFn//wxoc/DGzk5NvPmEm8qbCT7Tve/AyvFjQACipmEtSPglEwCkbBKMAOAAmzQTUQFd++AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Ningxia University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Li","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":564680070,"identity":"4d67b6a4-76cd-4ab9-9ada-6feae3f3e430","order_by":1,"name":"Huiling ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ningxia University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huiling","middleName":"","lastName":"ma","suffix":""},{"id":564680071,"identity":"1a00b9c9-38f2-4676-93fd-b15ad2719972","order_by":2,"name":"Meng Su","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northwest University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Meng","middleName":"","lastName":"Su","suffix":""},{"id":564680072,"identity":"9a681415-a53d-48a7-a5ec-35fb7d18edcc","order_by":3,"name":"Wei Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":564680073,"identity":"16b50075-f417-411c-9655-034a7c1debe0","order_by":4,"name":"Wei Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ningxia University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-15 12:53:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8366386/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8366386/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-026-02058-5","type":"published","date":"2026-04-09T15:59:02+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":99311591,"identity":"39acf901-ff17-4809-97b4-44196d9610e1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:10","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1374673,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"paper.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/cbeae4a65e0800e1ef6731e8.docx"},{"id":99311888,"identity":"17621a6e-d062-443b-b5ce-a664f5f391d0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:17:15","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6041,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"612de8b9c28347c582f278d847661a8a.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/22a92d5db647726a163c015a.json"},{"id":98975353,"identity":"44f656b5-fbfb-40f9-bfa2-7941ccbf1832","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:10","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":107819,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"612de8b9c28347c582f278d847661a8a1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/145776a00d831189991c67d4.xml"},{"id":98975357,"identity":"5efe9dac-962a-492a-995b-3591331bfba9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:10","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":142584,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/9363628164f6d65b1858f9c3.png"},{"id":99311383,"identity":"a75745dc-6b7b-4a8e-8cfe-fb452a1a69c5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:14:44","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":209611,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/ad7dd2c04009373c7e729fe6.jpeg"},{"id":99311709,"identity":"d4c09225-da6f-4c0d-9f24-1737c2ec667a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:33","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":276093,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/c75a24ad8bc604be0b16d464.jpeg"},{"id":98975354,"identity":"b43dfa2c-9d7d-41b2-8bb0-eae404984e4c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:10","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":320150,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/f6213a8c812228b1711bea95.jpeg"},{"id":98975359,"identity":"f40a5592-d00c-4579-bdab-df9939e9b08b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:10","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":196929,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/44c93dece576c109ece3c115.jpeg"},{"id":99311548,"identity":"3d8ee82d-3f19-4d81-8237-53aedb8d3cb4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:02","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":181861,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/3db9eee185ecae4e98deb591.jpeg"},{"id":99312273,"identity":"0464d71b-c57c-41c4-924c-ce7575afba98","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:18:33","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":164019,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/51c0e6bb3382b579ad3de287.jpeg"},{"id":98975362,"identity":"f4d0d2aa-f3a2-4034-9f46-07ce7cf0326f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"jpeg","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":198931,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/a1765f829841a0aa078d1420.jpeg"},{"id":98975367,"identity":"992c8f4d-cf03-47d2-a8fe-8cb02a2921d4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"jpeg","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":199304,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/bde4aa69da2316c6d01eaada.jpeg"},{"id":98975365,"identity":"d8aec6f7-a2e0-4f3f-938b-99b571d533f5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"jpeg","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":215183,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/c6c3e7bdd2df12bc6f2cc6e0.jpeg"},{"id":98975375,"identity":"b3560bc2-29f1-4aa9-bd24-43c1badac141","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"wmf","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image100.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/27851a6b531b70694d418d62.wmf"},{"id":98975369,"identity":"daa7bd54-9793-47ad-a180-1b89115d6078","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"wmf","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image127.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/e90d9b5304b91168e459bd2e.wmf"},{"id":98975398,"identity":"8a6c7bb0-aec6-4ee6-8c18-7a16d6bb15fc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"wmf","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image138.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/12ff5525e07d1d36a7771034.wmf"},{"id":98975379,"identity":"461d244c-5b8b-440c-b567-b2d673b05346","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"wmf","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image162.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/83d627903383e8c45d721214.wmf"},{"id":98975404,"identity":"0bfec975-dba3-420b-9a07-34bfd9faa1bf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"wmf","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image17.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/8a9204af7e5dd7c37d791d93.wmf"},{"id":98975372,"identity":"9f52424c-8ad7-4f0d-b498-4584e02408b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"wmf","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image19.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/a9f9b3ea890d5b06ae1c3465.wmf"},{"id":98975385,"identity":"46462472-1002-4a23-bf4b-518c7c06e465","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"wmf","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image22.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/cc857125f86d7dbed591ace6.wmf"},{"id":98975407,"identity":"43d57d1a-b29d-4f3a-a8e5-b0025863f77b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"wmf","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image32.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/aba051a25a6301796570b755.wmf"},{"id":99311356,"identity":"3f7b04ba-b947-4a08-bdbf-358529733c8e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:14:35","extension":"wmf","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image39.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/c1275835aee96a2ec9b568a8.wmf"},{"id":99311600,"identity":"76ce6671-f030-4a66-9c79-f8a1f417c76a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:16","extension":"wmf","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image4.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/66a4f2d6822ab755c9f9bf05.wmf"},{"id":98975368,"identity":"e987f95f-8b57-46a0-b1bf-0af064583d6d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"wmf","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image44.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/8ac564452e6dbd947ff82e6f.wmf"},{"id":98975361,"identity":"674cf04d-b531-416c-819b-e13fb9ffdb0f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"wmf","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image47.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/47bd208f5b48a6b732f53ac8.wmf"},{"id":99312068,"identity":"ffd63d77-0413-4db0-9acb-9a023b2e5244","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:17:49","extension":"wmf","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image5.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/9f33815169898e9de5ef5d83.wmf"},{"id":99311689,"identity":"9a46ee82-f229-43ff-bbf4-f69f4771ce96","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:30","extension":"wmf","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image65.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/44fb22f4040a329f6003f93f.wmf"},{"id":99311542,"identity":"92341173-32da-43d6-8bec-13549efd1e9e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:01","extension":"wmf","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image97.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/f43caa222fd2e50fc42772bc.wmf"},{"id":98975378,"identity":"cb750052-b0b2-4e68-9663-b87707a6ff66","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"wmf","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"image99.wmf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/238f33db01e251d5700827d2.wmf"},{"id":98975376,"identity":"79b45469-e30b-489d-a742-47ceaeadd72f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":17894,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/39ccc757eb5d8c0c96833e9c.png"},{"id":99311775,"identity":"d861cbeb-a668-4054-94f3-4c5eb86ec7f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:56","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":34787,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/b2b084a526d963f6ebad0f22.png"},{"id":98975393,"identity":"0995c5ea-3b28-4927-9cd4-0e14792c53e6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":53918,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/4305e704e1b5680319595547.png"},{"id":98975377,"identity":"e18e7318-ddb2-4ffd-9ed1-baf85e3e462d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":55640,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/e9111156231ea8afb997ff68.png"},{"id":99311887,"identity":"42646982-bce7-4ead-842c-0618fdbbfc8e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:17:15","extension":"png","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":40120,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/679a3318c1dfd61f3c88bad4.png"},{"id":98975386,"identity":"873da182-fd34-4436-a331-33ddaafdc372","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"png","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":40920,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/1ecea0f5efac3d576cb033c5.png"},{"id":99311611,"identity":"4ccf05ac-2000-437f-a070-a0ba8221d85c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:19","extension":"png","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":35495,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/8a92fdf0016306d063c392c2.png"},{"id":98975397,"identity":"0f1afb56-237d-4f38-ab12-1b0a699145eb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":38372,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/1b652582a21ee996f55ad41f.png"},{"id":99311580,"identity":"7bdd979b-83a1-4eb6-9174-45271cfa82e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:10","extension":"png","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":33280,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/5da23991d45be75a9229d780.png"},{"id":98975381,"identity":"be8f7b60-cf22-4b6c-a008-7b5551a61eab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"png","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":37290,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/472af3b56775c3ac358ab1a0.png"},{"id":98975380,"identity":"9931b0b3-9736-4de1-b587-2da704f773bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"png","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":224,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage100.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/6f5bf969859a39786b044aeb.png"},{"id":98975389,"identity":"ccee334d-43a8-4f81-bb5c-80736632ebaf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage127.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/cec80a4509913481864c3bb6.png"},{"id":98975401,"identity":"f9ea9293-865e-4f83-8484-de14da1a4d40","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage127.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/eb00205b1fc05bfcb916de41.png"},{"id":98975402,"identity":"f1f7febe-22bb-4f38-869b-be2b42e2ee9b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":198,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage162.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/f89e3e82a07eb82b9a9791fb.png"},{"id":99311636,"identity":"4c3e8680-3cab-4854-ad27-5b1db8af09ad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:21","extension":"png","order_by":43,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":265,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/8f17dc51b2a1ff328a5bc6b5.png"},{"id":99311703,"identity":"1a7d39fb-a672-4fac-9405-cc7b966db93a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:32","extension":"png","order_by":44,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage127.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/4cce0aad561fdc0770f4db9f.png"},{"id":98975383,"identity":"74d0ff80-143a-4a56-ad95-516c9d596130","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:11","extension":"png","order_by":45,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":266,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage22.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/b7dbf63e87699ebf795a4f2e.png"},{"id":99311572,"identity":"f603ca1d-f849-4099-82c7-a3f922beb97f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:07","extension":"png","order_by":46,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":257,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage32.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/04749ea1405ec74a2a155b29.png"},{"id":98975410,"identity":"76750089-a00c-44b0-83d2-084f015e39e7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":47,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":268,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage39.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/4b3e1e801ecf6af67b5b0612.png"},{"id":98975390,"identity":"2ce09596-9d18-4241-9f32-9d8692f9d7f0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":48,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":212,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/6e4918dfce753dc0b959ed67.png"},{"id":99312303,"identity":"790df919-62ad-4c87-a237-c7a600b660b1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:18:45","extension":"png","order_by":49,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":279,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage44.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/83d72fc36b4efdf0286b4bdc.png"},{"id":98975408,"identity":"6ab5d2f4-3765-4450-a306-b275f4cba6db","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":50,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":279,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage44.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/ff96e000e2da26481370f819.png"},{"id":98975403,"identity":"ea0c001c-02e3-498e-8f61-f1085e60c592","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":51,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":259,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/2ec7274073f0e4e94d81e920.png"},{"id":98975394,"identity":"e89ff763-7a09-48df-ae9a-f031357b2395","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":52,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":279,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage44.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/b981cbfd2205e966b41ca3ee.png"},{"id":98975405,"identity":"d12e8549-f716-4ae1-99f2-e1323dcb7a8c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"png","order_by":53,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":279,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage44.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/ddb7b1db78f3fc29cc290b51.png"},{"id":99312341,"identity":"b4eba8af-5236-4e33-998c-c44e6def85e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:18:50","extension":"png","order_by":54,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":254,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlineimage99.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/492f18d85b67cf5a836d9f05.png"},{"id":99311710,"identity":"e0b21877-e536-416a-baf4-e72cf538cde0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-31 16:16:33","extension":"xml","order_by":55,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":106786,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"612de8b9c28347c582f278d847661a8a1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/87ea789d25909fefdc9f31c7.xml"},{"id":98975396,"identity":"24aa9afa-bf6d-4007-afb0-6bac25826000","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-25 04:01:12","extension":"html","order_by":56,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":124077,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1/cb4789f889feddab35de05d2.html"},{"id":106809344,"identity":"773e0145-2f01-4202-96a6-e8f217e9f3da","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-13 16:09:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1365581,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"paper.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8366386/v1_covered_f1a4f3ea-5ddc-4f7e-9756-cce79c7d7086.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Stochastic dynamics of Galloping Energy Harvesting with Mechanical Impact under Colored Noises","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Galloping energy harvester, Fluctuating wind, stochastic averaging, Impact, Stochastic response and reliability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8366386/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8366386/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe galloping energy harvesting technique has been widely employed to capture fluid energy by exploiting the aeroelastic instability of mechanical structures in flow fields, providing power for low-energy electronic devices. However, the dynamics of such systems under realistic stochastic wind fluctuations remain a critical challenge, especially when mechanical impacts are involved. To address this, this paper investigates the stochastic response and reliability of a galloping energy harvester (GEH) system with mechanical impacts under Gaussian colored noise excitation. Based on the energy envelope stochastic averaging, the governing equation of the probability density function and the backward equation of the conditional reliability function are derived.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through Monte Carlo numerical simulations. This study analyzes the effects of system parameters on the probability density function, mean square voltage, conditional reliability function, and mean first passage time. The results indicate that the adjustment of parameters can not only enhance the energy harvesting efficiency of the system but also improve its reliability.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Stochastic dynamics of Galloping Energy Harvesting with Mechanical Impact under Colored Noises","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-25 04:01:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8366386/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"32dd9687-f58a-4d4a-aacb-845357335f2d","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 25th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-13T16:05:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8366386","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-026-02058-5","journal":{"identity":"international-journal-of-dynamics-and-control","isVorOnly":false,"title":"International Journal of Dynamics and Control"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-09 15:59:02","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 9th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-25 04:01:05","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s40435-026-02058-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-026-02058-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8366386","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8366386","identity":"rs-8366386","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: preprint-html

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2025) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-20T01:45:00.602351+00:00