Double-Groove ZnO-Au Photonic Quasi-Crystal Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Double-Groove ZnO-Au Photonic Quasi-Crystal Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Double-Groove ZnO-Au Photonic Quasi-Crystal Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Qiang Liu, Xinrui Li, Li Liu, Kaiyu Wang, Yudan Sun, Xiaoxu Zhang, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6508601/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Plasmonics → Version 1 posted 19 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A photonic quasi-crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance (PQF-SPR) sensor composed of a ZnO-Au bilayer film is designed and analyzed. Finite element analysis is performed to analyze the influence of the groove structure on the sensing properties. The results reveal that the shape of the groove directly influences the coupling between the core mode and the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode as well as the peak loss and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the loss spectra. By optimizing the groove shape and structural parameters of the PQF, a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 25,000 nm/RIU and a quality factor (figure of merit) of 432 are attained in the refractive index range between 1.30 and 1.41. This study provides valuable insights and guidance for the development and optimization of high-performance SPR sensors. PQF-SPR sensor Surface plasmon resonance Photonic quasi-crystal fiber ZnO-Au composite film Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Plasmonics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 22 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 23 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 22 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6508601","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":452216864,"identity":"6108e4ee-431e-4f74-a259-e814fe7011f8","order_by":0,"name":"Qiang Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAr0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBww2PPzsDaRoSWBIk5HsOUCalsM2BjcciFRtzt57TCKh7DwPww0Gxg8fc4jQYtlzLk0i4dxtHsbZDcySM7cRocXgRo6ZRGLbbR5mmQNszLxEabn/BqTlHA+bRAKxWm7wgLQc4OEhXsuZvGSLhHPJPBI8B5uJ9MvxswdvfCizs7c/3nzww0ditDAw8AAxG4jB2ECUemQto2AUjIJRMApwAAB3PDQGXTbJ0gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":452216865,"identity":"10c8f910-eb50-4466-af1b-8c85c82564dc","order_by":1,"name":"Xinrui Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinrui","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":452216866,"identity":"7673369e-b263-466b-b8eb-ded2eaf43351","order_by":2,"name":"Li Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Li","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":452216867,"identity":"93f39058-0d28-413e-be0d-1fa88bd75a3c","order_by":3,"name":"Kaiyu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kaiyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":452216868,"identity":"912aeb08-76de-41e3-99d2-40d073804901","order_by":4,"name":"Yudan Sun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Daqing Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yudan","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""},{"id":452216869,"identity":"dee7300b-45b8-4e1f-9065-38310ba08a21","order_by":5,"name":"Xiaoxu Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoxu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":452216870,"identity":"6660c2ca-7ffa-4637-89e4-f77a9703f120","order_by":6,"name":"Wei Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":452216871,"identity":"d52e9fb3-347e-462c-b3c2-219ef743c4a5","order_by":7,"name":"Jingwei Lv","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jingwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Lv","suffix":""},{"id":452216872,"identity":"c166f4d3-4d39-42ab-abe4-3b89be266450","order_by":8,"name":"Xueyan Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xueyan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":452216873,"identity":"8f4f0c64-52eb-44dc-8bb8-d48a8d5d14d2","order_by":9,"name":"Paul K. Chu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"City University of Hong Kong","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Paul","middleName":"K.","lastName":"Chu","suffix":""},{"id":452216874,"identity":"16c73ac2-6b9f-4d3a-b35c-a054218924ce","order_by":10,"name":"Chao Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northeast Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chao","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-23 03:53:44","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6508601/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6508601/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-03119-9","type":"published","date":"2025-06-27T15:57:20+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":85686147,"identity":"6dc28b0e-b821-4b05-a0bf-977505162d57","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-30 16:03:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":800178,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DoubleGrooveZnOAuPhotonicQuasiCrystalFiberQLiu2025.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6508601/v1_covered_f05a77a0-5141-445e-abad-6dbf60130f43.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Double-Groove ZnO-Au Photonic Quasi-Crystal Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"plasmonics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"plas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Plasmonics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11468)","snPcode":"11468","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11468/3","title":"Plasmonics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"PQF-SPR sensor, Surface plasmon resonance, Photonic quasi-crystal fiber, ZnO-Au composite film","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6508601/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6508601/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA photonic quasi-crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance (PQF-SPR) sensor composed of a ZnO-Au bilayer film is designed and analyzed. Finite element analysis is performed to analyze the influence of the groove structure on the sensing properties. The results reveal that the shape of the groove directly influences the coupling between the core mode and the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode as well as the peak loss and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the loss spectra. By optimizing the groove shape and structural parameters of the PQF, a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 25,000 nm/RIU and a quality factor (figure of merit) of 432 are attained in the refractive index range between 1.30 and 1.41. This study provides valuable insights and guidance for the development and optimization of high-performance SPR sensors.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Double-Groove ZnO-Au Photonic Quasi-Crystal Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-08 05:39:32","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6508601/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-05-22T15:42:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-22T05:11:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-22T03:20:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"223369130472204228310248252866470750901","date":"2025-05-21T15:50:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"5598366382301679752965751908581978856","date":"2025-05-19T03:49:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"152797476168146898866413602529613814538","date":"2025-05-18T01:52:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-16T16:15:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-16T06:44:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-16T05:36:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"245959597095505041734833028546070774970","date":"2025-05-15T18:20:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"307556259988049402883955080139920160212","date":"2025-05-15T16:33:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"293193279799688456438071464563276593391","date":"2025-05-15T15:34:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"302435943102820023799981630007536577638","date":"2025-05-15T15:15:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"135995182777507432282912746174921029860","date":"2025-05-05T16:49:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"220258019969707734421530774660068692197","date":"2025-05-05T16:00:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-05T15:20:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T06:03:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T06:00:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Plasmonics","date":"2025-04-23T03:51:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"plasmonics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"plas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Plasmonics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11468)","snPcode":"11468","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11468/3","title":"Plasmonics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"13bb0de7-fcdc-48c6-aec5-675e528486a5","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 8th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-30T15:59:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6508601","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-03119-9","journal":{"identity":"plasmonics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Plasmonics"},"publishedOn":"2025-06-27 15:57:20","publishedOnDateReadable":"June 27th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-08 05:39:32","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11468-025-03119-9","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-025-03119-9","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6508601","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6508601","identity":"rs-6508601","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}