Structure, microwave dielectric properties, Raman spectra and P-V-L theory of La3+ substituted Nd2[Zr0.89(Bi0.5Ta0.5)0.11]3(MoO4)9 ceramics

Structure, microwave dielectric properties, Raman spectra and P-V-L theory of La3+ substituted Nd2[Zr0.89(Bi0.5Ta0.5)0.11]3(MoO4)9 ceramics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Structure, microwave dielectric properties, Raman spectra and P-V-L theory of La3+ substituted Nd 2 [Zr 0.89 (Bi 0.5 Ta 0.5 ) 0.11 ] 3 (MoO 4 ) 9 ceramics Ruxuan Tang, Yuan-Bin Chen, Xiuyuan Su, Ling Tang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8230536/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract With the rapid development of 5G/6G mobile communication technology, microwave dielectric materials are facing increasingly strict performance requirements. As core fundamental materials for modern communication systems, performance optimization of microwave dielectric ceramics has become a research hotspot. Addressing the limitations of single-phase ceramic materials, dense microwave dielectric ceramics of (Nd 1 − x La x ) 2 [Zr 0.89 (Bi 0.5 Ta 0.5 ) 0.11 ] 3 (MoO 4 ) 9 (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The experimental process involved 550°C pre-sintering followed by gradient sintering at 600–725°C (4h holding time). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that all samples exhibited trigonal crystal structure with R3c space group. The lattice parameters were obtained by Rietveld refinement method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization indicates that compactness has a significant impact on the dielectric constant (ε r ) and the quality factor (Q×f). Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated strong associations of ε r and Q×f values with characteristic peak shifts and full width at half maximum (FWHM), respectively. When sintered at 675°C, the NLZBTM (x = 0.03)ceramics exhibited exceptional comprehensive performance: ε r = 11.24 ± 0.02, Q×f = 116914 ± 5738 GHz, and τ f =-37 ± 1.5 ppm/℃. The bond property analysis based on the P-V-L theory shows that the ionicity of the Nd/La-O bond makes the greatest contribution to ε r , while the covalency of the Mo-O bond significantly affects the Q×f value and τ f parameter. It is noteworthy that this material achieves low-temperature sintering at 675°C while maintaining excellent microwave dielectric properties, demonstrating significant potential as a candidate material for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC). Microwave dielectric ceramics (Nd1 − xLax)2[Zr0.89(Bi0.5Ta0.5)0.11]3(MoO4)9 Scanning electron microscopy Raman spectroscopy P-V-L bond valence theory Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8230536","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":556672579,"identity":"0f56196c-2ff1-406c-94fe-b0f413c327c5","order_by":0,"name":"Ruxuan Tang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhaoqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ruxuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Tang","suffix":""},{"id":556672582,"identity":"e356eb62-a69c-4a72-8b78-1a42f9f6f8c9","order_by":1,"name":"Yuan-Bin 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Nd\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e[Zr\u003csub\u003e0.89\u003c/sub\u003e(Bi\u003csub\u003e0.5\u003c/sub\u003eTa\u003csub\u003e0.5\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.11\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e(MoO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e ceramics\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Microwave dielectric ceramics, (Nd1 − xLax)2[Zr0.89(Bi0.5Ta0.5)0.11]3(MoO4)9, Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, P-V-L bond valence theory","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8230536/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8230536/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWith the rapid development of 5G/6G mobile communication technology, microwave dielectric materials are facing increasingly strict performance requirements. As core fundamental materials for modern communication systems, performance optimization of microwave dielectric ceramics has become a research hotspot. Addressing the limitations of single-phase ceramic materials, dense microwave dielectric ceramics of (Nd\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eLa\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e[Zr\u003csub\u003e0.89\u003c/sub\u003e(Bi\u003csub\u003e0.5\u003c/sub\u003eTa\u003csub\u003e0.5\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.11\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e(MoO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e (x\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The experimental process involved 550\u0026deg;C pre-sintering followed by gradient sintering at 600\u0026ndash;725\u0026deg;C (4h holding time). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that all samples exhibited trigonal crystal structure with R3c space group. The lattice parameters were obtained by Rietveld refinement method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization indicates that compactness has a significant impact on the dielectric constant (ε\u003csub\u003er\u003c/sub\u003e) and the quality factor (Q\u0026times;f). Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated strong associations of ε\u003csub\u003er\u003c/sub\u003e and Q\u0026times;f values with characteristic peak shifts and full width at half maximum (FWHM), respectively. When sintered at 675\u0026deg;C, the NLZBTM (x\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.03)ceramics exhibited exceptional comprehensive performance: ε\u003csub\u003er\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;11.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02, Q\u0026times;f\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;116914\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5738 GHz, and τ\u003csub\u003ef\u003c/sub\u003e=-37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5 ppm/℃. The bond property analysis based on the P-V-L theory shows that the ionicity of the Nd/La-O bond makes the greatest contribution to ε\u003csub\u003er\u003c/sub\u003e, while the covalency of the Mo-O bond significantly affects the Q\u0026times;f value and τ\u003csub\u003ef\u003c/sub\u003e parameter. It is noteworthy that this material achieves low-temperature sintering at 675\u0026deg;C while maintaining excellent microwave dielectric properties, demonstrating significant potential as a candidate material for low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC).\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Structure, microwave dielectric properties, Raman spectra and P-V-L theory of La3+ substituted Nd2[Zr0.89(Bi0.5Ta0.5)0.11]3(MoO4)9 ceramics","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-10 15:49:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8230536/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6d691548-e663-4cbf-a70b-b07419065723","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-02T16:02:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8230536","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-026-16682-6","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-materials-science-materials-in-electronics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-31 15:58:16","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 31st, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-10 15:49:30","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10854-026-16682-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-026-16682-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8230536","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8230536","identity":"rs-8230536","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}