Enhanced removal of Crystal violet dye from aqueous solution using Synthesized ZnO, Zn 1-x Fe x O, and Zn 1-x Cu x O nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetic and Adsorption studies

Enhanced removal of Crystal violet dye from aqueous solution using Synthesized ZnO, Zn 1-x Fe x O, and Zn 1-x Cu x O nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetic and Adsorption studies | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Enhanced removal of Crystal violet dye from aqueous solution using Synthesized ZnO, Zn 1-x Fe x O, and Zn 1-x Cu x O nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetic and Adsorption studies Masome Naseri Tekyeh, Dariush Mehrparvar, Rostam Moradian, Shahriar Mahdavi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5509562/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Unlike other industrial processes, the textile industry has the highest negative environmental impact due to the bulky dimensions of wastewater polluted with dyes and chemical additives. It is well known that these pollutants damage the ecosystems. In this study, ZnO, Zn 1 − x Fe x O, and Zn 1 − x Cu x O nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized through UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX. Furthermore, ZnO, Zn 1 − x Fe x O, and Zn 1 − x Cu x O NPs have been used to remove toxic crystal violet (CV) dye from water by surface adsorption. During the batch adsorption process, we examined the impact of several parameters such as time, dose of adsorbent, pH, concentration of CV, and temperature. The experimental data agreed with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model for three NPs. The CV adsorption on all NPs was spontaneous and endothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of CV on ZnO, Zn 1 − x Fe x O, and Zn 1 − x Cu x O NPs were 4.99, 4.58, and 4.58 mg/g, respectively. ZnO nanomaterials Sol-gel Crystal violet Dye removal Kinetic Adsorption studies Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5509562","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":382391400,"identity":"21f0ccec-fdfc-47c9-9650-4658685ff3c3","order_by":0,"name":"Masome Naseri Tekyeh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Malayer University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Masome","middleName":"Naseri","lastName":"Tekyeh","suffix":""},{"id":382391401,"identity":"9fc84f36-7afb-425f-ac81-043df7dfff52","order_by":1,"name":"Dariush Mehrparvar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Malayer University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dariush","middleName":"","lastName":"Mehrparvar","suffix":""},{"id":382391402,"identity":"1ae38a37-e1f4-4ecf-a28d-3957750ecd63","order_by":2,"name":"Rostam Moradian","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Razi University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rostam","middleName":"","lastName":"Moradian","suffix":""},{"id":382391403,"identity":"269c4e1a-a2c7-4c1d-ba9d-fa6a1a7c75e3","order_by":3,"name":"Shahriar Mahdavi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACNgYeBgYeAwbmA8ykamFLIE0LgwFQF3Fa5KcdfvbgTc1hGXP2Mx8/F1TYMPC3dyfg1WJwO83ccM6xwzyWPbmbpWecSWOQOHN2A34t0glm0jxsaTwGB3I3SPO2HWYwkMjFr0V+dvo3aZ5/QC3n3zz+TZQWhts5ZkDDbXgMbuSwEWeLwe2cMsm5fSAtz8ysec6k8RD0C9Bh2yTefJOwNzif/Pg2T4WNHH97LwGHoQMe0pSPglEwCkbBKMAKAJ4qQnpc7fUHAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Malayer University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shahriar","middleName":"","lastName":"Mahdavi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-11-23 10:53:06","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5509562/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5509562/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":71347788,"identity":"885c3aff-0d40-4a1f-920c-8a18b732994f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-13 14:09:46","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1045340,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptofCrystalvioletedited3cleared.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5509562/v1_covered_105f15c7-ba06-4aed-8871-7be564ff7e89.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Enhanced removal of Crystal violet dye from aqueous solution using Synthesized ZnO, Zn 1-x Fe x O, and Zn 1-x Cu x O nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetic and Adsorption studies","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"ZnO nanomaterials, Sol-gel, Crystal violet, Dye removal, Kinetic, Adsorption studies","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5509562/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5509562/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUnlike other industrial processes, the textile industry has the highest negative environmental impact due to the bulky dimensions of wastewater polluted with dyes and chemical additives. It is well known that these pollutants damage the ecosystems. In this study, ZnO, Zn\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eFe\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO, and Zn\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the sol-gel method and characterized through UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX. Furthermore, ZnO, Zn\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eFe\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO, and Zn\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO NPs have been used to remove toxic crystal violet (CV) dye from water by surface adsorption. During the batch adsorption process, we examined the impact of several parameters such as time, dose of adsorbent, pH, concentration of CV, and temperature. The experimental data agreed with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model for three NPs. The CV adsorption on all NPs was spontaneous and endothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of CV on ZnO, Zn\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eFe\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO, and Zn\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;x\u003c/sub\u003eCu\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eO NPs were 4.99, 4.58, and 4.58 mg/g, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Enhanced removal of Crystal violet dye from aqueous solution using Synthesized ZnO, Zn 1-x Fe x O, and Zn 1-x Cu x O nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetic and Adsorption studies","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-04 17:53:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5509562/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"000ab5ba-76c6-4dd1-97f7-2e9f11434857","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 4th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-13T14:09:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-04 17:53:06","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5509562","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5509562","identity":"rs-5509562","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}