A case report of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma developing into B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is recognized as an independent clinicopathological entity that often presents with immune imbalance and a hyperinflammatory response. In addition to neoplastic T-cell clones, AITL is frequently accompanied by dominant B-cell clones. B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), a rarer class of B-ALL, associates with a poor prognosis in adults. Previous reports have often mentioned cases of B-cell lymphoma secondary to AITL, but no cases of secondary B-ALL have been reported. In this manuscript, we present a case of the patient with AITL who developed secondary BCP-ALL following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Remarkably, the patient demonstrate durable complete remission after dose-reduced chemotherapy.