Study of the distribution and damage characteristics of mealybugs in vineyards under different ecological conditions of Azerbaijan

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In the Gakh district, the frequency of occurrence of the pest in the Sultani, Crimson seedless, Red Globe varieties was 86-97.0%, and the population density was 78.6-97.4%, which was higher than in other districts. In Absheron conditions, this pest is found in the perennial parts of the vines of other varieties, except for 4 out of 21 varieties (Moldova, Kyal uzum, Arna-grna, Medrese). The number of vines inhabited by the pest ranged from 3.03 (Kardinal) to 46.6% (Bandi). Although the settlement rate of the grape varieties studied in Absheron was relatively low, it was found that 3 varieties – Kardinal, Sabrani, Gara lkeni – were at a damaging level with a score of 2, and the other 14 varieties (Gyrmyzy merendi, Agadayi, Mahmudu, Ag tayfı, etc.) were at a high damaging level (26-90%) and within 3 points, depending on their population density or infection rate. The infection rate of the grape varieties studied in Khojavend and Shamakhi districts was low and was assessed at 1 point. The infection rate of the varieties in Samukh district varied, with no pests found in the Tabrizi variety, 2% in Rkasiteli, 8% in Khyndogny, and 12% in Bayanshira. According to our observations, one of the districts where the mealybug has developed more strongly in recent years is Salyan. The population density in the grapes inhabited by the pest is at a dangerous level, corresponding to 3 points and is 68.8% in Ag kishmish, 76.4% in Khalaj grapes, 78.4% in Ag Derbendi, 86.4% in Mahmudu, 90.3% in Ag shany, and 92.0% in Agadayi. Studies have shown that stems with strong development of the mealybug develop poorly, the color of the shoots weakens, the degree of shoots maturation and maturation coefficient are low, and this negatively affects the yield of the marketable product. mealybug grape pests population density average length of the shoots diameter of the shoots germination coefficient Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Introduction It is known that grapes are one of the plants that are susceptible to diseases and pests. Currently, in the countries where grapes are grown in the world, about 800 types of pests and about 1000 types of fungi have been recorded in various organs of grapevines, of which more than 700 are found to be parasitic in the wood, bark of the trunk and branches, about 200 in the leaves, and more than 200 in the fruits. About 100 types of fungi have been found in the roots. Their effects not only reduce productivity and product quality, but even in periods of strong development, the vines can be destroyed. About 100 species of fungi have been found in the roots. Their effects not only reduce the yield and quality of the product, but even destroy the vines during periods of strong development. If fungal diseases and pests are not controlled, most of the crop (35-80%) or even the entire crop is lost, depending on the resistance of grape varieties and the level of disease development. When epiphytotia occurs, not only the quality of the crop is reduced, but also up to 50% of the crop is destroyed [1]. If the European grapevine moth ( Lobesia botrana Den. Et Schift) is not properly controlled, during the period of heavy development of the pest, 75-80% of the crop in the vines is lost due to rotting [2]. In most wine-growing countries of the world, the most damaging disease to grapes is downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). When conditions are favorable for the development of downy mildew, it is observed that the crop is lost in the range of 50-100%. [2, 3, 4]. As in countries engaged in viticulture, in the conditions of Azerbaijan, grapevines are more susceptible to fungal diseases such as downy mildew ( Plasmopara viticola Berl.et de Toni), oidium ( Erysiphe necator Schwein), gray rot ( Botrytis cinerea Pers.), anthracnose ( Elsinoe ampelina Shear), Phomopsis cane and leafspot ( Phomopsis viticola ) and very dangerous phylloxera ( Viteus vitifoliae Schimer), European grapevine moth ( Lobesia botrana Schiff.), grape mite ( Colomerus vitis Pgst.), grape mealybug ( Planococcus vitis Risso), two-spotted red spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ), etc. [5, 6, 7, 8]. Azerbaijan is one of the ancient homelands of grapes. Grapes are one of the oldest and richest formations of the Azerbaijani flora. It is rich in hundreds of local grape varieties, which were created by natural wild grape forms and folk selection and survived the negative impact of biotic and abiotic factors for many years and have survived to this day. Azerbaijani grape varieties are characterized by extensive polymorphism in morphological, biological, technological, as well as molecular-genetic terms [9-22]. Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) are one of the most widespread arthropod pests of vineyards globally. Despite the use of alternative pest control methods in many countries, their incidence has increased dramatically in recent decades, partly as a result of globalization. The mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a polyphagous pest that is widespread in almost all zoogeographical regions of the world and is reported to have more than 200 host plants belonging to 191 genera from 82 families of flowering plants. Both larvae and adult females feed by sucking the sap and nutrients flowing from the phloem of the plants they infest with their sucking mouthparts. As a result, the plant’s nutrient uptake drops sharply, resulting in stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and a significant loss of photosynthesis. In addition to spreading harmful viral diseases to plants, mealybugs also cause damage due to the carbohydrate-rich “honeydew” they secrete during feeding. The intensively secreted “honeydew substances” coat the surfaces of leaves, shoots, and fruits and act as a substrate for the development of mold fungi, leading to the development of saprophytic fungi. Their toxic secretions also cause poor growth and premature leaf drop. Over time, they inhibit photosynthesis and cause plant stress. It is reported that mealybug causes significant economic damage to citrus and other plants in most countries of the world and that its damage has increased in the Eastern Mediterranean region in the last twenty years, causing serious losses [23,24]. Population fluctuations of Citrus mealybug [Planococcus citri (Risso)(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)] in grapefruit orchards in Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey [25, 26 ]. Planococcus ficus is one of several mealybug species in vineyards and is a relatively widespread economic pest worldwide. It causes economic losses by feeding on leaves, resulting in reduced photosynthetic capacity and the secretion of a carbohydrate-rich “honeydew” that can contaminate leaves, stems and fruit with its exudates and cause the accumulation of molds. In addition to losses due to direct feeding, mealybugs can transmit grape leaf associated viruses (GLRaVs) and ultimately cause grape leaf disease (GLD)[25]. The Planococcus citri (Risso) species, which includes the mealybug, is a widespread pest in most countries of the world and can feed on and damage more than 200 plant species. The Planococcus vitis Risso. Species spreads and develops on grape plants, causing damage [23]. Nurmamatov A.M. (2006) noted that 87 species of this pest are distributed in Tajikistan, and 14 of them are found on berries, perennial shrubs, ornamentals, and annual and perennial herbs. The author notes that Planococcus ficus Sign. İs the most common and damaging species among the 14 species on grapevines [27]. Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae ), also known as the citrus mealybug, is the most dangerous polyphagous pest in many parts of the world, including vineyards. It is also a common pest of citrus, grapes, ornamentals, cocoa, bananas, tobacco, coffee, pineapple, figs, taro, dates, pomegranates, potatoes and greenhouse crops. Planococcus citri and Planococcus ficus are morphologically very similar and are difficult to distinguish. Observations show that Planococcus citri is more widespread in vineyards than Planococcus ficus . Although native to Eurasia, it is little known and has recently been considered an economically important pest. Mealybugs feed on the phloem, using long, thin mouthparts to suck plant sap. They may feed on the roots, stems, branches, leaves, or berries of the vine. However, there is some variation in the amount of damage each species causes. The degree of damage caused by different species is often related to population size or density (e.g., number of generations per year and female fertility), the organs they feed on, and their temperature tolerances, etc. Mealybugs remove the carbohydrate-rich honeydew as they feed on the leaves and grape branches in late summer and early fall. Although the mealybug removes the honeydew, it still accumulates on the grapes. Sooty mold has long been noted on honeydew, which can result in further damage to the grapes. For table grape growers, any live or dead mealybugs and honeydews will cause cosmetic damage to the grape branch and reduce its marketability [26, 28]. Mealybugs are major pests in viticulture worldwide, causing direct and indirect damage to the crop. The grape mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) is the main pest in most grape-producing countries, while the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) causes more damage to vineyards than citrus crops in Brazil and Spain [29] . The main mealybug species present on wine grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) in southern Brazil were identified and their prevalence was assessed. For this purpose, bunch samples (n = 50) from 131 vineyards in the Serra Gaúcha Region of Brazil were analyzed at harvest time, and the presence of mealybugs on roots was assessed when the canes were rooted to replace them with new ones [30]. In M. Efendiyev’s work “Vegetation in Azerbaijan” published in 1972, it is written that this pest damages all grape varieties in all regions of Azerbaijan. The author notes that the pest causes relatively little damage in the Absheron vineyards in open conditions with good wind, but spreads strongly and causes serious damage in other irrigated, high-humidity, overcrowded vineyards of the republic where green operations are not carried out in a timely and correct manner and where the vines are crowded. The author writes that in addition to the mealybug, the “acacia mealybug” is also observed to damage the vines. Against the background of global climate changes taking place in the world, as well as in connection with the development of the agricultural sector, due to the widespread planting and cultivation of plant seeds and seedlings introduced into the republic, in recent times, changes have been observed in the species composition of diseases and pests, their bioecological characteristics and development dynamics, aggressiveness, etc. When we look at the literature, we see that although mealybugs were not found in the vineyards of our republic for many years, they are currently found in most vineyards (Salyan, Gakh, Absheron, Samukh, Khojavend, etc.). The main goal of our research was to conduct observations in the vineyards of our republic and determine the distribution area of the mealybug pest found there, the frequency of occurrence of the pest, the density of populations, and the degree of infection and harmfulness in various organs, to clarify its economic damage, and to bring to the attention of grape producers methods aimed at preventing the development of the pest. Materials and methods The material of the study consisted of some local and introduced grape varieties cultivated in vineyards in the conditions of Absheron, Shamakhi, Samukh, Khojavend, Gakh districts. The research work was carried out in 2023–2025. Direct chemical control against scab was not applied in the vineyards in the regions where the research work was carried out, mealybug observations were carried out under these conditions. However, chemical spraying was carried out 5–8 times in those areas against mildew, oidium, gray rot and European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana). The climate in the Absheron district is subtropical. Summer is dry and hot. Winter is relatively mild, the weather is cloudy most of the time, it often rains, and sometimes it snows. The average annual temperature is 13.5–14.4°C, the total active temperatures are 4192–4461°C, the total annual amount of solar radiation is 130–135 kcal/cm3, and the annual amount of precipitation is 200–250 mm. The coldest month of the year is January, the highest temperatures are observed in July-August. The number of frost-free days is 308, and sunny days are 220–230. The territory of the peninsula is exposed to strong winds. An increase in wind speed not only improves transpiration in plants, but also increases evaporation, which leads to drying of the soil. The highest level of evaporation is observed in July-August, and the lowest in February. The soils of the peninsula are mainly gray sandy and clayey, and the most common are saline-gray brown soils. The amount of humus in the soil is considered normal at 1.0%. If we look at the analysis results, we will see that the pH of the area is neutral at 7.6. Humus in these soils is 1.0-1.6%, nitrogen 0.28–0.32%, phosphorus 0.14–0.19% and potassium 2.8–3.2%. The amount of precipitation in the study years was 235.4 mm (2023), 360.2 (2024) and 228.3 mm (2025), respectively. The vineyards are planted in a three-wire trellis, with a planting pattern of 3 x 1.5 m, and the vines are given a multi-arm fan shape. The vines are 23–24 years old. The area is open and not surrounded by a protective strip. The area is located at an altitude of 40–49 m above sea level (coordinates of the location 40°31’12.5”N 49°52’50.0”E.). Shamakhi district Part of the research work was carried out in 2023–2025 in the collection vineyard (at the Experimental Station of the Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Enology) in Shamakhi district (coordinates of the location 40°37’59.3”N 48°36’23.6”E ) located in the northeastern regions of Azerbaijan. The experimental area (territory) is located at an altitude of 660 m above sea level. The soil cover of the area is gray-brown with a small amount of brown. It contains a high amount of easily assimilated nitrogen and exchangeable potassium, and a low amount of phosphorus. Humus in these soils is 3.5-4.0%, nitrogen 0.24–0.29%, phosphorus 0.18–0.21% and potassium 2.0-2.2%. The amount of precipitation during the study years was 560.6 (2023) 732.8 mm (2024), 686.7 mm (2025), respectively. In the study area, the trees were given a multi-arm fan shape, and the age of the trees was 15 years. During the study years, the amount of precipitation falling on the experimental area fluctuated between 680–740 mm. The highest precipitation fell in 2024 and was 740 mm. The highest precipitation during the year falls on January, February, March, April, May, June, July, October, and December. The research was conducted in the vineyard of the Ganja Experimental Station located in the Bagmanlar village of Samukh district. The site is located at an altitude of approximately 330–400 meters above sea level (coordinates of the location 40°43'11.3"N 46°25'31.2"E). The experimental area has a brown mountain meadow, gray-brown soil structure. The amount of organic matter (humus) in the soil was 2.8%, phosphorus − 28 kg/ha (very weak), potassium − 843 kg/ha (high), calcium − 532 mg/kg (weak), other elements (boron, manganese, zinc, iron) − 0.4 mg/kg (weak). Salinity − 0.47 mS/cm (salt-free), pH − 7.7 (weakly alkaline). The area belongs to the arid and semi-desert zone. During the research years, the average temperature in the summer months was 28-370C, sometimes reaching 410C. In winter, the temperature varies between − 20C - +70C. The average annual temperature is between + 17 - +190C. The amount of precipitation varies between 350–500 mm per year. The bulk of precipitation falls mainly in autumn and spring. Summer months are dry, and the need for irrigation is high. The experimental garden is 3.5 ha - here the planting scheme of the grapevines One of the district where the research was conducted was a vineyard in the Tugh village of Khojavend district (coordinates of the location 39°35’24.936”N 46°58’49.6956”E). The vineyard here covers an area of 7 ha. The age of the vines is over 25 years. The vines are formed in a three-wire (three-story) trellis system, and the vines are grown in a fan shape with multiple branches (3 or more). In terms of geological structure and geographical location, the soil type is chestnut and brown mountain-forest soils. The composition of the soil consists of a combination of organic and mineral substances. According to the results of the analysis of macroelements, nitrogen is mainly 0.11–0.15% at a depth of 0–60 cm, and phosphorus is 10–13 kg/ha. Compared to nitrogen and mobile phosphorus, the amount of potassium is higher, 960–1740 kg/ha in the 0–60 cm section, and the amount of sodium is 42–56 mg/kg. The EC electrical conductivity according to the analysis is within the normal range (0–4 MS/cm). The EC result in the 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm cutting layers was 0.16 MS/cm. In the saturation dough, the pH in the 0–60 cm soil section is neutral, being 7.54–7.65 (6.5–7.5 pH). The amount of humus is poor, being 0.6–1.2% in the 0–60 cm soil layer. The amount of precipitation in the Gakh district during the research years varied between 308.0-382.6 mm. The air temperature varies between − 16 and + 40ºC throughout the year, with an average temperature of 17.8ºC. The main soil types in the Gakh region are brown mountain-forest and gray-brown mountain-steppe soils. The experimental area is located in the southeastern part of the region and gray-brown mountain-steppe soils are found here, which also covers the drier and semi-desert zone. The soil contains low amounts of calcium (562 mg/kg), phosphorus (19 mg/kg), boron (0.5 mg/kg), iron (0.5 mg/kg), zinc (0.5 mg/kg), manganese (0.5 mg/kg), and high amounts of copper (60 mg/kg), magnesium (60.0 mg/kg), and potassium (900 mg/kg). The soils were neutral with a pH of 6.7. The site is located at an altitude of 300–365 m above sea level (coordinates of the location 40°37’59.3”N 48°36’23.6”E). The planting pattern of the vines here is 3 x 2 m, the vines are given a multi-arm fan shape, the site is irrigated with a drip system. The vines are over 12 years old. The vineyard in Absheron is 15.6 ha. The observation was carried out in 5 rows per hectare (there are 33 rows per hectare), and the assessment was carried out in the area with the highest population and frequency of occurrence of the pest (1 ha area). Observation was carried out in 6 farms, 7 ha in Khojavend district, 4 ha in Samukh district, 4 ha in Shamakhi district, and 0.5-2 ha each in Salyan district. However, the assessment was carried out on a 1 ha area by random sampling for each variety. In each observation area, an assessment was carried out on a certain number of plants. The frequency of incidence of pests (RT) was expressed as a percentage by dividing the number of plants (ZY) in which the pest was found (spread) by the number of plants observed or examined (BT) and multiplying by 100 (RT = ZY / BT x 100%) [ 31 , 32 ]. Population density (PS) is expressed as a percentage by multiplying the area of the pest distribution (ZYS) to the total area of the trunk (GUS) of the trunk in the tree where the pest was observed by 100 (PS = ZYS/GÜS x 100%). In order to determine and assess the number of infected vines or the frequency of incidence of the pest in the vineyards of the study regions, a certain number (50–100) of plants in the vines inhabited by the pests were examined and the degree of damage of each plant was determined on a four-point scale. Thus: if no trace of the pest or individual is observed in grapevines– 0 points; if found in up to 25% of grapevines, with insignificant colonization – 1 point; if found in 50% of grapevines, or to a harmful degree – 2 points; if found in more than 50% of grapevines, with a dangerous degree – 3 points. To determine the density of the pest population or the amount of infestation in infected grapevines, only grapevines in the observation area where the pest is found are inspected and the degree of infestation of each plant is determined on a four-point scale. In this case: 0 points – no trace of the pest or individual; 1 point – insignificantly present (inhabitation in perennial parts of grapevines is up to 10%); 2 points – significant or harmfully present (inhabitation in perennial parts of grapevines is within 11–25%); 3 points – dangerously present (inhabitation in perennial parts of grapevines is 25–50% and above). During the observation, the entire surface of the perennial parts of the examined grapevines (stems, multiple shoots, etc.) is inspected. The amount of unusable product per branch (UM) was expressed as a percentage by dividing the amount of pest-infected branches (USC) by the total number of branches per branch (TN) and multiplying by 100 (RT = ZY/BT x 100%). The correlation coefficient (r) between various indicators was calculated using the Pearson formula [ 33 ]: r= \(\:\frac{\sum\:\left(x-\stackrel{-}{x}\right)\text{}\sum\:\left(\text{y}\text{}-\stackrel{-}{y}\right)}{\sqrt{\text{}[\sum\:{\left(\text{x}-\stackrel{-}{x}\right)}^{2}]\sum\:\left[\:\right(}{\text{y}-\stackrel{-}{y})}^{2}]}\) Here, (x ) ̅ and y ̅ are the mean values of x and y variables. During observations conducted on 21 varieties (between 29–36 stems per variety) in Absheron conditions, it was found that this pest is found in the perennial parts of stems of other varieties, except for 4 varieties (Moldova, Kyal uzum, Arna-grna, Medrase). The number of stems inhabited by the pest was 15.6% in Girda kishmish, 17.6% in Gyrmyzy merendi, 21.8% in Agadayi, Mahmudu varieties, 22.2% in Bayanshira, 23.3% in Novrast, 26.6% in Sultani kishmishy, 30.0% in Ag oval kishmish, 31.1% in Sapda durmas variety, and 46.6% in Bandi. In other infected varieties, it was observed between 3.03–6.8%. Although the settlement rate for the grape varieties studied in Absheron was relatively low, it was determined that 3 varieties – Kardinal, Sabrani, Gara lkeni – were at a harmful level with a score of 2, and in the other 14 varieties (Gyrmyzy merendi, Agadayi, Mahmudu, Ag tayfi, etc.) they were at a high harmful level (26–90%) within 3 points, depending on the density of the pest population or the degree of infection. Observations on Khyndogny, Cabernet sauvignon, Rkasiteli, and Pino black varieties grown in vineyards in the Tugh village of Khojavend district revealed that the pest population is low, ranging from 3 (Khyndogny) to 8% (Rkasiteli). The population density or infection rate in infected vines is also significantly lower, ranging from 7.6–12.6% and is rated at 1 point. When observing 100 vines of each of the Sultanina, Red globe, Michele palieri, and Crimson seedless varieties in the Gakh district, it was found that the settlement was very high, ranging from 86–97.0%, and the infection rate was 78.6–97.4%, and this was determined by a score of 3. It was clarified that the number of vines inhabited by the pest, as well as the population density or infection rate, was higher in grape varieties in the Gakh district than in other regions. Observations conducted on the Moldova, Tabrizi, Medrese, Khan uzum, Doina, and Aligote grape varieties in the Shamakhi district revealed that the pest population (2–9%) and the population density of infected vines were low (2.8–6.2%), respectively, within 1 point. The pest population and infection rates of the Tabrizi, Bayanshira, Khyndogny, and Rkasiteli varieties planted and cultivated in the Samukh district were different. Thus, although the scaly pad was not found in the Tabrizi variety, the pest was observed in 2% of the Rkasiteli, 8% of the Khyndogny, and 12% of the Bayanshira plants. The relatively high density of the pest-infested plants was 28.6% (3 points) in Bayanshira, 14.6% (2 points) in Khyndogny, and 15.8% (2 points) in Rkasiteli. One of the districts where the scaly pillow has developed more strongly in recent years is Salyan. Grape farmers and entrepreneurs, household owners call this pest a “smell disease”. Observations were made on the grape varieties Agadayi, Mahmudu, Ag Derbendi, Khalaj, Ag shany, Ag kishmish, which have been cultivated since ancient times in Salyan district. It was found that the population of the scaly pillow is at a dangerous level and is found between 52 (Ag Derbendi) and 84% (Ag shany) and is within 3 points, respectively. The population density or infection rate in the grapes inhabited by the pest is dangerously high, corresponding to 3 points and is 68.8% in Ag kishmish, 76.4% in Khalaj, 78.4% in Ag Derbendi, 86.4% in Mahmudu, 90.3% in Ag shany, and 92.0% in Agadayi. It is known that in assessing the quality of logs, the ratio of the diameter of the core to the diameter of the wood is taken as one of the main elements. However, this ratio does not fully express the area of the wood and core surfaces in the cross-section of the log. Therefore, N.V. Matuzok (2002) proposed calculating the wood growth coefficient, which expresses the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the wood to the cross-sectional area of the core. According to this method, first the diameter of the thorny branch and the core is determined, and then the total cross-sectional area of the thorny wood and the core (пd 2 /4) is calculated separately. The thorny growth coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the total area of the wood to the total area of the thorn. If the growth coefficient is less than 0.80, the thorny tree is considered to be poorly grown, if it is 0.80–0.99, it is considered to be sufficiently grown, and if it is greater than 0.90, it is considered to be well grown. Table 1 Determination of the degree of infestation with the grape mealybug ( Planococcus vitis Risso.) Area, district Grape varieties Number of viewed grapevine Number of infected vines or frequency of pest incidence Indicator (points) on a 4-point scale The density of the pest population in infected grapevine or the amount of infestation Indicator (points) on a 4-point scale Average length of the shoots, cm (in the pest - infested area) Average length of the shoots, cm (in pest - free area) The difference Germination coefficient of shoots Diameter of the shoots, mm (in the pest - infested area) Diameter of the shoots, mm (in pest - free area) The difference Quantity of unusable product, % number % number % Absheron Gyrmyzy merendi 34 6 17,6 1 6 69,2 3 156,4 203,6 47,2 0,82 6,8 8,8 2,0 47,8 Moldova 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 175,6 178,2 2,6 0,94 6,0 7,2 1,2 0 Agadayi 32 7 21,8 1 7 70,0 3 148,6 220,4 71,8 0,76 9,6 13,5 3,9 52,4 Mahmudu 32 7 21,8 1 7 65,0 3 156,7 214,7 58,0 0,78 9,2 12,6 3,4 38,4 Ag tayfı 32 8 25,0 1 8 60,0 3 195,4 218,3 22,9 0,74 7,6 8,2 0,6 54,8 Ag oval kishmish 30 9 30 2 9 80.0 3 148,6 245,3 96,7 0,68 7,6 8,1 0,5 62,4 Kardinal 33 1 3,03 1 1 20,0 2 204,6 214,8 10,2 0,86 7,2 8,1 0,9 14,8 Sabrani 32 1 3,10 1 1 20,0 2 220,4 248,7 28,3 0,94 7,0 8,9 1,9 12,6 Kyal uzum 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 196,2 192,6 -3,6 0,96 7,2 8,4 1,2 0 Girda kishmish 32 5 15,6 1 5 26,0 3 187,3 205,7 18,4 0,90 7,2 7,9 0,7 18,4 Arna-grna 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 198,6 202,6 4,0 0,96 8,5 10,1 1,6 0 Tabrizi 34 3 8,82 1 3 90,0 3 173,7 268,7 95,0 0,68 8,0 11,3 3,3 84,4 Medrese 29 0 0 0 0 0,0 0 193,3 190,3 -3,0 0,98 7,0 7,6 0,6 0 Shamakhy marandisy 33 3 9,09 1 3 80,0 3 175,5 262,3 86,8 0,72 8,6 9,8 1,2 46,3 Gara lkeni 33 2 6,06 1 2 25,0 2 224,6 236,9 12,3 0,86 6,4 8,2 1,8 10,6 Sapda durmas 29 9 31,1 2 9 37,8 3 213,4 221,3 7,9 0,83 6,5 9,9 3,4 8,6 Novrast 30 7 23,3 1 7 52,2 3 136,7 210,3 73,6 0,86 7,2 9,6 2,4 12,3 Bandi 30 14 46,6 2 14 63,0 3 142,4 196,4 54,0 0,62 7,1 10,6 3,5 38,2 Bayanshira 36 8 22,2 1 8 61,3 3 168,7 209,3 40,6 0,87 7,3 8,7 1,4 45,3 Sultani kishmishy 30 8 26,6 2 8 45,0 3 166,8 217,3 50,5 0,90 6,8 8,4 1,6 32,5 Gara kishmish 29 2 6,8 1 2 70,0 3 168,3 236,8 68,5 0,80 6,4 7,8 1,4 54,4 Khojavend Khyndogny 100 3 3,0 1 3 12,6 2 196,4 225,3 28,9 0,96 8,5 8,3 -0,2 0 Cabernet sauvignon 100 4 4,0 1 4 8,5 1 146,2 158,8 12,6 0,98 8,4 8,0 -0,4 0 Rkasiteli 100 8 8,0 1 8 12,5 2 126,7 168,4 41,7 0,98 5,8 5,5 -0,3 0 Pino black 100 6 6,0 1 6 7,6 1 132,4 168,4 36,0 0,96 8,3 7,9 -0,4 0 Gakh Sultanina 100 97 97,0 3 97 89,6 3 208,4 296,5 88,1 0,62 7,3 10,6 3,3 78,4 Red globe 100 92 92,0 3 92 94,6 3 214,4 298,2 83,8 0,54 7,5 11,0 3,5 84,6 Michele palieri 100 86 86,0 3 86 97,4 3 164,8 264,4 99,6 0,63 6,8 9,1 2,3 76,6 Crimson seedless 100 96 96,0 3 96 78,6 3 203,4 278,3 74,9 0,76 7,3 9,0 1,7 86,6 Shamakhi Moldova 100 4 4,0 1 4 6,2 1 194,4 214,3 19,9 0,96 8,2 7,7 -0,5 0 Tabrizi 100 2 2,0 1 2 3,8 1 240.5 258,7 18,2 0,88 14,2 10,5 -3,7 0 Medrese 100 5 5,0 1 5 4,8 1 197,7 223,3 25,6 0,92 8,6 7,3 -1,3 0 Khan uzum 100 3 3,0 1 3 2,8 1 254,4 284,6 30,2 0,90 13,8 13,5 -0,3 0 Doina 100 9 9,0 1 9 4,2 1 196,5 235,6 39,1 0,96 8,6 8,2 -0,4 0 Aligote 100 3 3,0 1 3 3,2 1 174,4 206,7 32,3 0,90 8,1 8,4 0,3 0 Samux rayonu Tabrizi 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 242,8 256,4 13,6 0,95 14,1 13,3 -1,8 0 Bayanshira 100 12 12 1 12 28,6 3 208,6 216,6 8,0 0,93 10,4 10,2 -0,2 3,6 Khyndogny 100 8 8 1 8 14,6 2 238,4 252,8 14,4 0,95 9,6 10,8 1,2 1,4 Rkasiteli 100 2 2 1 2 15,8 2 176,6 193,3 16,7 0,92 5,0 5,8 0,8 1,2 Salyan rayonu Agadayi 100 65 65,0 3 65 92,0 3 128,3 245,4 117,1 0,63 6,8 13,1 6,3 94,2 Mahmudu 100 78 78,0 3 78 86,4 3 153,4 256,8 103,4 0,64 5,8 11,9 6,1 90,6 Ag Derbendi 100 52 52,0 3 52 78,4 3 166,2 247,3 81,1 0,75 6,5 10,4 3,9 84,4 Khalaj 100 63 63,0 3 63 76,4 3 142,4 225,5 83,1 0,74 6,2 8,9 2,7 84,2 Ag shany 100 84 84,0 3 84 90,3 3 126,8 236,8 110,0 0,58 5,8 8,1 2,3 87,7 Ag kishmish 100 82 82,0 3 82 68,8 3 139,2 208,7 69,5 0,78 5,7 7,5 1,8 78,4 Our observations showed that the average length of the pods, the maturity coefficient of the pods, the diameter of the pods and the percentage of commercial yield of the crop in the pods with the developed pods had a great impact. It was also determined that the population density in the pods infected with the mealybug had a significant impact on these indicators. These ideas were reflected in the studies of world scientists investigating the impact of this pest. Schulze-Sylvester M. Et al. (2021) reported that high levels of infestation with the pest (P. Ficus) reduced leaf and stem biomass by one third, while low levels of infestation affected only root biomass. This suggests a higher susceptibility of perennial parts of the grapevine. However, it was found that Mealybug feeding did not affect leaf surface area, size, or number [ 34 ]. We determined the average length of shoots in the infected areas. In Absheron conditions, the average length of shoots in infected areas varied between 136.7 and 224.6 cm. In the area where the pest was not found, this indicator was 178.2 and 262.3 cm, respectively. As can be seen, shoots were better developed in the area where the pest was not found and the average length was higher, and according to our calculations, the difference varied between − 3.6 and 96.7. We encountered the same analogous phenomenon in Gakh, Khojavend, Shamakhi, Samukh and Salyan districts. In the Khojavend district, the average length of shoots in infected areas was 126.7 and 196.4 cm, and in the area where the pest was not found, it was 158.8 and 225.3 cm. The difference is 12.6–41.7. In the Gakh district, the average length of the shoots in the infected areas is on average 164.8–214.4 cm, and in the unaffected areas it is 264.4–298.2 cm. The difference is 74.9–99.6. In the Shamakhi district, the average length of the shoots in the infected areas is on average 174.4–254.4 cm, and in the unaffected areas it is 206.7–284.6 cm, the difference is 18.2–39.1. In the infected plots in Samukh and Salyan districts, this indicator varied between 176.6–242.8 cm and 126.8–166.2 cm, respectively, and in the non-infected area – between 193.3–256.4 cm and 208.7–256.8 cm. As for the difference, it was between 8.0–16.7 and 69.5–117.1, respectively. The diameter of the shoots affected the maturation coefficient. The maturation coefficient is an indicator formed on the basis of the length and diameter of the shoots and varied between 0.62–0.96 mm in the Absheron district, 0.96–0.98 in the Khojavend district, 0.54–0.76 in the Gakh district, 0.88–0.96 in the Shamakhi district, 0.92–0.95 in the Samukh district and 0.58–0.78 in the Salyan district. From the studies, we saw that the diameter of the shoots was quite small in areas where the pest was developed, as a result, the shoots were poorly developed and their thickness was relatively low. Thus, while the diameter of the shoots in the Absheron district varied on average between 6.0–9.6 mm, this indicator was significantly higher in areas where the pest was not found, being 7.2–13.5 mm. For example, in the Mahmudu variety, the diameter was 9.2 mm in the area where the pest developed, and 12.6 mm in the area where the pest did not develop. The difference is between 0.6 and 3.9. While the diameter of the shoots in the Khojavend district varied on average between 5.8 and 8.5 mm, in the area where the pest was not found, this indicator was 5.5 and 8.3 mm, and the difference was between minus 0.4 and minus 0.2. In the Gakh district, the diameter of the shoots in the area where the pest was found was 6.8–7.5 mm, while in the area where the pest was not found, this indicator was significantly higher and equaled 9.0–11.0 mm. The difference between these indicators is 1.7–3.5. In Shamakhi and Samukh districts, the diameter of the shoots was 8.1–14.2 mm, 5.0–14.1 mm, respectively, and in the area where the pest was not observed, this indicator was 7.3–13.5 mm and 5.8–13.3 mm, with a difference of -3.7–0.3 and − 0.8–1.2. In the varieties we studied, the diameter of the shoots was 5.7–6.8 mm in the Salyan district, and in the area where the pest was not observed, this indicator was significantly higher, equal to 7.5–13.1 mm, with a difference of 1.8–6.3. In general, in Khojavend, Shamakhi and Salyan districts, due to the low population density of the scutellariae, there was no significant difference in the infected and non-infected areas, and therefore the diameter of the scutes was close to each other. However, in Salyan district, the diameter of the scutes differed significantly, because both the population density and the frequency of occurrence of the pest were high. According to literature data and our observations, pest infestation during the ripening period of the crop produces honeydew, as a result of which saprophytic fungi develop, making the crop unusable and ultimately its marketable appearance completely reduced. This idea is found in the studies of world scientists. Cocco, A. And colleagues (2017) note that pest colonies in bunches directly damage the crop by reducing the market value of table grapes and the quality of wine grapes [ 29 ] The pest sucks its juice into the grapevine trunk, branches, shoots, leaves, and fruits, causing stunted plant development and growth, small leaves, and a decrease in yield as a result of feeding, contaminating and rendering the crop unusable, and causing mechanical damage. [ 36 , 37 ]. In Absheron conditions, a significant amount of the crop was spoiled in other varieties, except for Moldova, Arna-grna, Kyal uzum, and Medrese. The percentage of spoiled crop was higher in Tabrizi (84.4%), Ag oval kishmish (62.4%), Ag tayfı (54.8%), and Gara kishmish (54.4%). Since the frequency and population density of the pest were significantly low in Khojavend and Shamakhi districts, no spoiled crop was encountered. In Gakh district, the frequency and population density of the pest were high, and it even penetrated this crop. Thus, the studied varieties produced highly unusable products, and as a result, the percentage varied between 76.6–86.6. Since the infection was weak in Samukh district, a small amount was found in the pods and the indicators were between 1.2–3.6%. Unlike other districts, Salyan district was exposed to the highest impact of the pest, and a strong infection was found in the trunk, shoots, as well as leaves. Thus, the amount of unusable products varied between 94.2–78.4% in Agadayi, Mahmudu, Ag Shany, Ag Derbendi, Khalaj uzum, Ag kishmish varieties. The larvae and females of the grape mealybug (Planococcus ficus Sign.) damage grape branches, leaves, buds and root system. During heavy infestation, grapevines turn yellow prematurely and the leaves fall off, the berries rot and the buds dry out. The resistance of the berries to low temperatures is low, and the resistance of the berries decreases by up to 4 times. In the “Taifi White” grape variety in the Faizabad region of Tajikistan, the average yield of 1550 grams was produced in the mealybug-infected buds, while the yield of the uninfected buds was 4 times higher, that is, 6265 grams. Here, the harmfulness of the mealybug is especially evident in August, when the population density increases sharply. In farms with vineyards, in yards or in backyards, during this period, a strong infestation of mealybugs is often observed on the Surkhak, Gissarsky Ranniy, Khusaine and Taifi White grape varieties. At this time (August, September), it is no longer possible to treat vineyards against pests with chemical methods, since insecticides contaminate the berries. Large grape clusters are damaged to such an extent that the berries almost completely shrink and rot. Heavily infected clusters lose their quality, become unsuitable for transportation and consumption [ 27 ]. Since the grape mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) causes great economic damage to vineyards worldwide, various methods are being implemented to reduce, limit and protect the vineyards. Chemical control, physical, biological control (catching pheromone traps), etc. Are used to directly control and destroy this pest. The use of selective insecticides (spirotetramat) with new modes of action and long-term effectiveness, together with environmentally friendly semiochemical-based agents, is a promising strategy for the development of pest control programs [ 37 – 40 ]. Biological control methods for mealybugs, although slow-acting, are safe and recommended. Representatives of the Anagyrus genus are the most effective among the natural parasites of mealybugs. Also, agrotechnical methods such as field sanitation and pruning help reduce the mealybug population [ 37]. Mathematical statistical analysis was conducted on the studied grape varieties, and mutual dependencies were revealed between the population density of the mealybug and the average length of the shoots, the diameter of the shoots, the germination coefficient of the shoots, and quantity of unusable product (Figs. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ). Based on the Pearson correlation analysis, it was determined that there is a negative correlation between the population density and the average length of the shoots (r = − 0.408), that is, as the population density increases, the average length of the shoots decreases. Similar results are also seen between the population density and the germination coefficient of the shoots. This negative correlation (r = − 0.376) is relatively weak and not very significant from a mathematical point of view. Also, as a result of applying correlation analysis, attention was paid to the dependence between population density and the diameter of the shoots (r = − 0.912) and quantity of unusable product (r = − 0.948) and a negative correlation was observed, but although this dependence is negative, it is mathematically high and significant, that is, as the population density increases, there is a sharp decrease in the diameter of the shoots and quantity of unusable product. Results The mealybug pest is more common in old vines and in vineyards with unpeeled bark, in humid, irrigated areas, and in vineyards with very dense green shoots; In the areas where the spread and impact of mealybugs were studied, insecticides containing Cypermethrin, Abamectin, and Deltamethrin, which were applied 6-7 times against the Lobesia botrana pest, did not have a negative effect on the spread and development of mealybugs. Therefore, selective insecticides should be used for mealybugs. With a high population density of mealybugs, the stems develop poorly, the average length, thickness, and maturity of the shoots decrease, and the yield of the commercial product decreases significantly. Thus, as the population density increases, its damage rate increases. There is a weak negative correlation between the population density and the average length of the stems (r= -0.140), a medium negative correlation with the maturity coefficient of the shoots (r= -0.370), a very high negative correlation with the yield loss (unusable) (r= -0.940), and a very high negative correlation with the diameter of the shoots (r= -0.910). It is clear from the observations that in areas with a higher incidence of mealybugs, the population density is also high and it is spread in the infected area regardless of the variety. In the Absheron area, in 4 out of 21 varieties (Arna-grna, Medrese, Moldova, Kyal uzum) in the most examined varieties, no mealybugs were found. However, the varieties of these varieties border the infected area and are close to it. Among the observed regions, the most frequent infestations are in vineyards in Salyan and Gakh districts. Thus, the incidence of mealybugs was 63-84% in Salyan district, 86-97% in Gakh district, and the population density was 68.8-92.0% in Salyan district, and 78.6-97.4% in Gakh district. Observations show that the spread of mealybugs occurs in waves, moving from the center (the pest’s hotbed) to the edges. Declarations Author Contribution I.G. prepared the main manuscript text and contributed to the study design. M.V. prepared the figures and assisted in data collection. S.V. contributed to the statistical analysis, interpretation of results, and preparation of graphical outputs. G.A. was responsible for manuscript formatting, translation, and analysis of the tables. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the staff and vineyard owners in the studied regions of Azerbaijan for their assistance during field observations and sample assessments. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan for providing the necessary conditions for conducting this research. Data Availability All data supporting the findings of this study are included in the article. Additional data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References Akbasova A.D., Serik, U.A., Sainova, G.A., Aubakirov N.P. Sulfur-containing preparations for the control of grape oidium. // Izdenister Natigeler, - 2024, No. 4 (104), - P.107–113. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2024/11 Orlov, O.V., Yurchenko, E.G. Comparative analysis of the dynamics of grape berry moth populations in the conditions of the ampelocenoses of the Taman Peninsula // Horticulture and Viticulture of Southern Russia, 2021. – No. 72(6), pp. 263–276. 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OENO One , 55 (1), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.1.4458 Silva R.R., Oliveira, J.E.M., Silva, L.B., Silva, C.S.B., Silva, J.G., Oliveira, A.C., Souza, I.D. Development and longevity of Citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Insecta: Homoptera: Pseudococcidae ) associated with grapevine // African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 10(35), pp. 3543-3547, 27 August, 2015. Doi: 10.5897/AJAR2015.9559 Özgökçe M.S., Kına E., Kara H. Life table and some biological features of Planococcus citri , Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae ) on 41-B grapevine variety (Vitis vinifera L.) // YYÜ TAR BİL DERG (YYU J AGR SCI) 2018, 28(özel sayı): 247-256. Ahmed A.R., Apori S.O., Karim A.A.. Mealybug vectors: A review of their transmission of plant viruses and their management strategies // AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2023, 8(3):736-761. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2023040 Ramzi Mansour, Luc P. Belzunces, Pompeo Suma, Lucia Zappalà, Gaetana Mazzeo, Kaouthar Grissa-Lebdi, Agatino Russo, Antonio Biondi. Vine and citrus mealybug pest control based on synthetic chemicals. A review // Agronomy for Sustainable Development (2018) 38: 37 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0513-7; Cocco A, Lentini A, Serra G (2014) Mating disruption of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in vineyards using reservoir pheromone dispensers. J Insect Sci 14:144. https://doi.org/10. 1093/jisesa/ieu006 Ganjisaffar F, Andreason SA, Perring TM (2019) Lethal and sub-lethal effects of insecticides on the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Insects 10: 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10010031 doi: 10.3390/insects10010031 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Guliyeva","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aynura","middleName":"","lastName":"Guliyeva","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-26 21:24:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8703890/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8703890/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":101834792,"identity":"8f012bb7-15a7-4ed9-a094-69defc30bffd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-04 07:11:37","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":80688,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHeat map of local and foreign grape varieties by mealybug infection in different districts.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8703890/v1/d504bc88cdc2003fd7f92a13.png"},{"id":101834851,"identity":"5e3082f9-a43f-4597-91c3-fd2ef67fa6b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-04 07:11:56","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28010,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrelation between population density and average length of the shoots.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8703890/v1/0f3b5d920fe4638dcfb86cba.png"},{"id":101834799,"identity":"d807a431-9971-4381-bf92-cb90598f1bad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-04 07:11:42","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":23434,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrelation between population density and germination coefficient\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8703890/v1/d71612a16bb932b429481a91.png"},{"id":101834767,"identity":"f20ec132-c40e-4c38-8a10-1a9a155b6ba2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-04 07:11:35","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":29603,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrelation between population density and quantity of unusable product\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8703890/v1/0af5bdcdaefdea1a7d4369d7.png"},{"id":101834812,"identity":"f8e69e0e-2bec-45ff-9ba7-50443ad63cf1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-04 07:11:48","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":21870,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrelation between population density and shoot diameter.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8703890/v1/bfcb6a4cb0c8d5e644271d13.png"},{"id":101834808,"identity":"a8548b26-afc3-46c1-936a-d93828db0316","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-04 07:11:47","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1413640,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMealybug infestation in various organs\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"01.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8703890/v1/0469092f6c31766a6c5ac3a0.png"},{"id":101834911,"identity":"645ecf77-1297-48eb-a0c2-b9e538115a64","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-04 07:12:07","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2564635,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8703890/v1/d56182ee-0214-426b-b665-c7b34d6da04e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study of the distribution and damage characteristics of mealybugs in vineyards under different ecological conditions of Azerbaijan","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIt is known that grapes are one of the plants that are susceptible to diseases and pests. Currently, in the countries where grapes are grown in the world, about 800 types of pests and about 1000 types of fungi have been recorded in various organs of grapevines, of which more than 700 are found to be parasitic in the wood, bark of the trunk and branches, about 200 in the leaves, and more than 200 in the fruits. About 100 types of fungi have been found in the roots. Their effects not only reduce productivity and product quality, but even in periods of strong development, the vines can be destroyed. About 100 species of fungi have been found in the roots. Their effects not only reduce the yield and quality of the product, but even destroy the vines during periods of strong development. If fungal diseases and pests are not controlled, most of the crop (35-80%) or even the entire crop is lost, depending on the resistance of grape varieties and the level of disease development. When epiphytotia occurs, not only the quality of the crop is reduced, but also up to 50% of the crop is destroyed \u0026nbsp;[1].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf the European grapevine moth (\u003cem\u003eLobesia botrana\u003c/em\u003e Den. Et Schift) is not properly controlled, during the period of heavy development of the pest, 75-80% of the crop in the vines is lost due to rotting [2]. In most wine-growing countries of the world, the most damaging disease to grapes is downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). When conditions are favorable for the development of downy mildew, it is observed that the crop is lost in the range of 50-100%. \u0026nbsp;[2, 3, 4].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs in countries engaged in viticulture, in the conditions of Azerbaijan, grapevines are more susceptible to fungal diseases such as downy mildew (\u003cem\u003ePlasmopara viticola\u003c/em\u003e Berl.et de Toni), oidium (\u003cem\u003eErysiphe necator\u003c/em\u003e Schwein), gray rot (\u003cem\u003eBotrytis cinerea\u003c/em\u003e Pers.), anthracnose (\u003cem\u003eElsinoe ampelina\u003c/em\u003e Shear), Phomopsis cane and leafspot (\u003cem\u003ePhomopsis viticola\u003c/em\u003e) and very dangerous phylloxera (\u003cem\u003eViteus vitifoliae\u003c/em\u003e Schimer), European grapevine moth (\u003cem\u003eLobesia botrana\u003c/em\u003e Schiff.), grape mite (\u003cem\u003eColomerus vitis\u003c/em\u003e Pgst.), \u0026nbsp;grape mealybug (\u003cem\u003ePlanococcus vitis\u003c/em\u003e Risso), two-spotted red spider mite (\u003cem\u003eTetranychus urticae\u003c/em\u003e), etc. [5, 6, 7, 8]. Azerbaijan is one of the ancient homelands of grapes. Grapes are one of the oldest and richest formations of the Azerbaijani flora. It is rich in hundreds of local grape varieties, which were created by natural wild grape forms and folk selection and survived the negative impact of biotic and abiotic factors for many years and have survived to this day. Azerbaijani grape varieties are characterized by extensive polymorphism in morphological, biological, technological, as well as molecular-genetic terms [9-22].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) are one of the most widespread arthropod pests of vineyards globally. Despite the use of alternative pest control methods in many countries, their incidence has increased dramatically in recent decades, partly as a result of globalization. The mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a polyphagous pest that is widespread in almost all zoogeographical regions of the world and is reported to have more than 200 host plants belonging to 191 genera from 82 families of flowering plants. Both larvae and adult females feed by sucking the sap and nutrients flowing from the phloem of the plants they infest with their sucking mouthparts. As a result, the plant’s nutrient uptake drops sharply, resulting in stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and a significant loss of photosynthesis. In addition to spreading harmful viral diseases to plants, mealybugs also cause damage due to the carbohydrate-rich “honeydew” they secrete during feeding. The intensively secreted “honeydew substances” coat the surfaces of leaves, shoots, and fruits and act as a substrate for the development of mold fungi, leading to the development of saprophytic fungi. Their toxic secretions also cause poor growth and premature leaf drop. Over time, they inhibit photosynthesis and cause plant stress. It is reported that mealybug causes significant economic damage to citrus and other plants in most countries of the world and that its damage has increased in the Eastern Mediterranean region in the last twenty years, causing serious losses [23,24]. Population fluctuations of Citrus mealybug [Planococcus citri (Risso)(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)] in grapefruit orchards in Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey [25, 26 ].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlanococcus ficus\u003c/em\u003e is one of several mealybug species in vineyards and is a relatively widespread economic pest worldwide. It causes economic losses by feeding on leaves, resulting in reduced photosynthetic capacity and the secretion of a carbohydrate-rich “honeydew” that can contaminate leaves, stems and fruit with its exudates and cause the accumulation of molds. In addition to losses due to direct feeding, mealybugs can transmit grape leaf associated viruses (GLRaVs) and ultimately cause grape leaf disease (GLD)[25].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u003c/em\u003e (Risso) species, which includes the mealybug, is a widespread pest in most countries of the world and can feed on and damage more than 200 plant species. The \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus vitis\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eRisso. Species spreads and develops on grape plants, causing damage [23].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNurmamatov A.M. (2006) noted that 87 species of this pest are distributed in Tajikistan, and 14 of them are found on berries, perennial shrubs, ornamentals, and annual and perennial herbs. The author notes that \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus ficus\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eSign. İs the most common and damaging species among the 14 species on grapevines [27].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eRisso (Hemiptera: \u003cem\u003ePseudococcidae\u003c/em\u003e), also known as the citrus mealybug, is the most dangerous polyphagous pest in many parts of the world, including vineyards. It is also a common pest of citrus, grapes, ornamentals, cocoa, bananas, tobacco, coffee, pineapple, figs, taro, dates, pomegranates, potatoes and greenhouse crops. \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus ficus\u003c/em\u003e are morphologically very similar and are difficult to distinguish. Observations show that \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eis more widespread in vineyards than \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eficus\u003c/em\u003e. Although native to Eurasia, it is little known and has recently been considered an economically important pest. Mealybugs feed on the phloem, using long, thin mouthparts to suck plant sap. They may feed on the roots, stems, branches, leaves, or berries of the vine. However, there is some variation in the amount of damage each species causes. The degree of damage caused by different species is often related to population size or density (e.g., number of generations per year and female fertility), the organs they feed on, and their temperature tolerances, etc. Mealybugs remove the carbohydrate-rich honeydew as they feed on the leaves and grape branches in late summer and early fall. Although the mealybug removes the honeydew, it still accumulates on the grapes. Sooty mold has long been noted on honeydew, which can result in further damage to the grapes. For table grape growers, any live or dead mealybugs and honeydews will cause cosmetic damage to the grape branch and reduce its marketability [26, 28].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMealybugs are major pests in viticulture worldwide, causing direct and indirect damage to the crop. The grape mealybug \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus ficus\u003c/em\u003e (Signoret) is the main pest in most grape-producing countries, while the citrus mealybug \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u003c/em\u003e (Risso) causes more damage to vineyards than citrus crops in Brazil and Spain [29] . The main mealybug species present on wine grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) in southern Brazil were identified and their prevalence was assessed. For this purpose, bunch samples (n = 50) from 131 vineyards in the Serra Gaúcha Region of Brazil were analyzed at harvest time, and the presence of mealybugs on roots was assessed when the canes were rooted to replace them with new ones [30].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn M. Efendiyev’s work “Vegetation in Azerbaijan” published in 1972, it is written that this pest damages all grape varieties in all regions of Azerbaijan. The author notes that the pest causes relatively little damage in the Absheron vineyards in open conditions with good wind, but spreads strongly and causes serious damage in other irrigated, high-humidity, overcrowded vineyards of the republic where green operations are not carried out in a timely and correct manner and where the vines are crowded. The author writes that in addition to the mealybug, the “acacia mealybug” is also observed to damage the vines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAgainst the background of global climate changes taking place in the world, as well as in connection with the development of the agricultural sector, due to the widespread planting and cultivation of plant seeds and seedlings introduced into the republic, in recent times, changes have been observed in the species composition of diseases and pests, their bioecological characteristics and development dynamics, aggressiveness, etc. When we look at the literature, we see that although mealybugs were not found in the vineyards of our republic for many years, they are currently found in most vineyards (Salyan, Gakh, Absheron, Samukh, Khojavend, etc.).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main goal of our research was to conduct observations in the vineyards of our republic and determine the distribution area of the mealybug pest found there, the frequency of occurrence of the pest, the density of populations, and the degree of infection and harmfulness in various organs, to clarify its economic damage, and to bring to the attention of grape producers methods aimed at preventing the development of the pest.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe material of the study consisted of some local and introduced grape varieties cultivated in vineyards in the conditions of Absheron, Shamakhi, Samukh, Khojavend, Gakh districts. The research work was carried out in 2023\u0026ndash;2025. Direct chemical control against scab was not applied in the vineyards in the regions where the research work was carried out, mealybug observations were carried out under these conditions. However, chemical spraying was carried out 5\u0026ndash;8 times in those areas against mildew, oidium, gray rot and European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe climate in the \u003cstrong\u003eAbsheron district\u003c/strong\u003e is subtropical. Summer is dry and hot. Winter is relatively mild, the weather is cloudy most of the time, it often rains, and sometimes it snows. The average annual temperature is 13.5\u0026ndash;14.4\u0026deg;C, the total active temperatures are 4192\u0026ndash;4461\u0026deg;C, the total annual amount of solar radiation is 130\u0026ndash;135 kcal/cm3, and the annual amount of precipitation is 200\u0026ndash;250 mm. The coldest month of the year is January, the highest temperatures are observed in July-August. The number of frost-free days is 308, and sunny days are 220\u0026ndash;230. The territory of the peninsula is exposed to strong winds. An increase in wind speed not only improves transpiration in plants, but also increases evaporation, which leads to drying of the soil. The highest level of evaporation is observed in July-August, and the lowest in February. The soils of the peninsula are mainly gray sandy and clayey, and the most common are saline-gray brown soils. The amount of humus in the soil is considered normal at 1.0%. If we look at the analysis results, we will see that the pH of the area is neutral at 7.6. Humus in these soils is 1.0-1.6%, nitrogen 0.28\u0026ndash;0.32%, phosphorus 0.14\u0026ndash;0.19% and potassium 2.8\u0026ndash;3.2%. The amount of precipitation in the study years was 235.4 mm (2023), 360.2 (2024) and 228.3 mm (2025), respectively. The vineyards are planted in a three-wire trellis, with a planting pattern of 3 x 1.5 m, and the vines are given a multi-arm fan shape. The vines are 23\u0026ndash;24 years old. The area is open and not surrounded by a protective strip. The area is located at an altitude of 40\u0026ndash;49 m above sea level (coordinates of the location 40\u0026deg;31\u0026rsquo;12.5\u0026rdquo;N 49\u0026deg;52\u0026rsquo;50.0\u0026rdquo;E.).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShamakhi district\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePart of the research work was carried out in 2023\u0026ndash;2025 in the collection vineyard (at the Experimental Station of the Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Enology) in Shamakhi district (coordinates of the location 40\u0026deg;37\u0026rsquo;59.3\u0026rdquo;N 48\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;23.6\u0026rdquo;E ) located in the northeastern regions of Azerbaijan. The experimental area (territory) is located at an altitude of 660 m above sea level. The soil cover of the area is gray-brown with a small amount of brown. It contains a high amount of easily assimilated nitrogen and exchangeable potassium, and a low amount of phosphorus. Humus in these soils is 3.5-4.0%, nitrogen 0.24\u0026ndash;0.29%, phosphorus 0.18\u0026ndash;0.21% and potassium 2.0-2.2%. The amount of precipitation during the study years was 560.6 (2023) 732.8 mm (2024), 686.7 mm (2025), respectively. In the study area, the trees were given a multi-arm fan shape, and the age of the trees was 15 years. During the study years, the amount of precipitation falling on the experimental area fluctuated between 680\u0026ndash;740 mm. The highest precipitation fell in 2024 and was 740 mm. The highest precipitation during the year falls on January, February, March, April, May, June, July, October, and December.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research was conducted in the vineyard of the Ganja Experimental Station located in the Bagmanlar village of Samukh district. The site is located at an altitude of approximately 330\u0026ndash;400 meters above sea level (coordinates of the location 40\u0026deg;43\u0026apos;11.3\u0026quot;N 46\u0026deg;25\u0026apos;31.2\u0026quot;E). The experimental area has a brown mountain meadow, gray-brown soil structure. The amount of organic matter (humus) in the soil was 2.8%, phosphorus\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;28 kg/ha (very weak), potassium\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;843 kg/ha (high), calcium\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;532 mg/kg (weak), other elements (boron, manganese, zinc, iron)\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.4 mg/kg (weak). Salinity\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.47 mS/cm (salt-free), pH\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;7.7 (weakly alkaline). The area belongs to the arid and semi-desert zone. During the research years, the average temperature in the summer months was 28-370C, sometimes reaching 410C. In winter, the temperature varies between \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20C - +70C. The average annual temperature is between +\u0026thinsp;17 - +190C. The amount of precipitation varies between 350\u0026ndash;500 mm per year. The bulk of precipitation falls mainly in autumn and spring. Summer months are dry, and the need for irrigation is high. The experimental garden is 3.5 ha - here the planting scheme of the grapevines\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the district where the research was conducted was a vineyard in the Tugh village of Khojavend district (coordinates of the location 39\u0026deg;35\u0026rsquo;24.936\u0026rdquo;N 46\u0026deg;58\u0026rsquo;49.6956\u0026rdquo;E). The vineyard here covers an area of 7 ha. The age of the vines is over 25 years. The vines are formed in a three-wire (three-story) trellis system, and the vines are grown in a fan shape with multiple branches (3 or more). In terms of geological structure and geographical location, the soil type is chestnut and brown mountain-forest soils. The composition of the soil consists of a combination of organic and mineral substances. According to the results of the analysis of macroelements, nitrogen is mainly 0.11\u0026ndash;0.15% at a depth of 0\u0026ndash;60 cm, and phosphorus is 10\u0026ndash;13 kg/ha. Compared to nitrogen and mobile phosphorus, the amount of potassium is higher, 960\u0026ndash;1740 kg/ha in the 0\u0026ndash;60 cm section, and the amount of sodium is 42\u0026ndash;56 mg/kg. The EC electrical conductivity according to the analysis is within the normal range (0\u0026ndash;4 MS/cm). The EC result in the 0\u0026ndash;30 cm and 30\u0026ndash;60 cm cutting layers was 0.16 MS/cm. In the saturation dough, the pH in the 0\u0026ndash;60 cm soil section is neutral, being 7.54\u0026ndash;7.65 (6.5\u0026ndash;7.5 pH). The amount of humus is poor, being 0.6\u0026ndash;1.2% in the 0\u0026ndash;60 cm soil layer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe amount of precipitation in the Gakh district during the research years varied between 308.0-382.6 mm. The air temperature varies between \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 and +\u0026thinsp;40\u0026ordm;C throughout the year, with an average temperature of 17.8\u0026ordm;C. The main soil types in the Gakh region are brown mountain-forest and gray-brown mountain-steppe soils. The experimental area is located in the southeastern part of the region and gray-brown mountain-steppe soils are found here, which also covers the drier and semi-desert zone. The soil contains low amounts of calcium (562 mg/kg), phosphorus (19 mg/kg), boron (0.5 mg/kg), iron (0.5 mg/kg), zinc (0.5 mg/kg), manganese (0.5 mg/kg), and high amounts of copper (60 mg/kg), magnesium (60.0 mg/kg), and potassium (900 mg/kg). The soils were neutral with a pH of 6.7. The site is located at an altitude of 300\u0026ndash;365 m above sea level (coordinates of the location 40\u0026deg;37\u0026rsquo;59.3\u0026rdquo;N 48\u0026deg;36\u0026rsquo;23.6\u0026rdquo;E). The planting pattern of the vines here is 3 x 2 m, the vines are given a multi-arm fan shape, the site is irrigated with a drip system. The vines are over 12 years old.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe vineyard in Absheron is 15.6 ha. The observation was carried out in 5 rows per hectare (there are 33 rows per hectare), and the assessment was carried out in the area with the highest population and frequency of occurrence of the pest (1 ha area). Observation was carried out in 6 farms, 7 ha in Khojavend district, 4 ha in Samukh district, 4 ha in Shamakhi district, and 0.5-2 ha each in Salyan district. However, the assessment was carried out on a 1 ha area by random sampling for each variety. In each observation area, an assessment was carried out on a certain number of plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe frequency of incidence of pests (RT) was expressed as a percentage by dividing the number of plants (ZY) in which the pest was found (spread) by the number of plants observed or examined (BT) and multiplying by 100 (RT\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;ZY / BT x 100%) [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePopulation density (PS) is expressed as a percentage by multiplying the area of the pest distribution (ZYS) to the total area of the trunk (GUS) of the trunk in the tree where the pest was observed by 100 (PS\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;ZYS/G\u0026Uuml;S x 100%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to determine and assess the number of infected vines or the frequency of incidence of the pest in the vineyards of the study regions, a certain number (50\u0026ndash;100) of plants in the vines inhabited by the pests were examined and the degree of damage of each plant was determined on a four-point scale. Thus:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eif no trace of the pest or individual is observed in grapevines\u0026ndash; 0 points;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eif found in up to 25% of grapevines, with insignificant colonization \u0026ndash; 1 point;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eif found in 50% of grapevines, or to a harmful degree \u0026ndash; 2 points;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eif found in more than 50% of grapevines, with a dangerous degree \u0026ndash; 3 points.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo determine the density of the pest population or the amount of infestation in infected grapevines, only grapevines in the observation area where the pest is found are inspected and the degree of infestation of each plant is determined on a four-point scale. In this case: 0 points \u0026ndash; no trace of the pest or individual; 1 point \u0026ndash; insignificantly present (inhabitation in perennial parts of grapevines is up to 10%); 2 points \u0026ndash; significant or harmfully present (inhabitation in perennial parts of grapevines is within 11\u0026ndash;25%); 3 points \u0026ndash; dangerously present (inhabitation in perennial parts of grapevines is 25\u0026ndash;50% and above). During the observation, the entire surface of the perennial parts of the examined grapevines (stems, multiple shoots, etc.) is inspected.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe amount of unusable product per branch (UM) was expressed as a percentage by dividing the amount of pest-infected branches (USC) by the total number of branches per branch (TN) and multiplying by 100 (RT\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;ZY/BT x 100%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe correlation coefficient (r) between various indicators was calculated using the Pearson formula [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003er= \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\frac{\\sum\\:\\left(x-\\stackrel{-}{x}\\right)\\text{}\\sum\\:\\left(\\text{y}\\text{}-\\stackrel{-}{y}\\right)}{\\sqrt{\\text{}[\\sum\\:{\\left(\\text{x}-\\stackrel{-}{x}\\right)}^{2}]\\sum\\:\\left[\\:\\right(}{\\text{y}-\\stackrel{-}{y})}^{2}]}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere, (x ) ̅ and y ̅ are the mean values of x and y variables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring observations conducted on 21 varieties (between 29\u0026ndash;36 stems per variety) in Absheron conditions, it was found that this pest is found in the perennial parts of stems of other varieties, except for 4 varieties (Moldova, Kyal uzum, Arna-grna, Medrase). The number of stems inhabited by the pest was 15.6% in Girda kishmish, 17.6% in Gyrmyzy merendi, 21.8% in Agadayi, Mahmudu varieties, 22.2% in Bayanshira, 23.3% in Novrast, 26.6% in Sultani kishmishy, 30.0% in Ag oval kishmish, 31.1% in Sapda durmas variety, and 46.6% in Bandi. In other infected varieties, it was observed between 3.03\u0026ndash;6.8%. Although the settlement rate for the grape varieties studied in Absheron was relatively low, it was determined that 3 varieties \u0026ndash; Kardinal, Sabrani, Gara lkeni \u0026ndash; were at a harmful level with a score of 2, and in the other 14 varieties (Gyrmyzy merendi, Agadayi, Mahmudu, Ag tayfi, etc.) they were at a high harmful level (26\u0026ndash;90%) within 3 points, depending on the density of the pest population or the degree of infection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObservations on Khyndogny, Cabernet sauvignon, Rkasiteli, and Pino black varieties grown in vineyards in the Tugh village of Khojavend district revealed that the pest population is low, ranging from 3 (Khyndogny) to 8% (Rkasiteli). The population density or infection rate in infected vines is also significantly lower, ranging from 7.6\u0026ndash;12.6% and is rated at 1 point.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen observing 100 vines of each of the Sultanina, Red globe, Michele palieri, and Crimson seedless varieties in the Gakh district, it was found that the settlement was very high, ranging from 86\u0026ndash;97.0%, and the infection rate was 78.6\u0026ndash;97.4%, and this was determined by a score of 3. It was clarified that the number of vines inhabited by the pest, as well as the population density or infection rate, was higher in grape varieties in the Gakh district than in other regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObservations conducted on the Moldova, Tabrizi, Medrese, Khan uzum, Doina, and Aligote grape varieties in the Shamakhi district revealed that the pest population (2\u0026ndash;9%) and the population density of infected vines were low (2.8\u0026ndash;6.2%), respectively, within 1 point.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pest population and infection rates of the Tabrizi, Bayanshira, Khyndogny, and Rkasiteli varieties planted and cultivated in the Samukh district were different. Thus, although the scaly pad was not found in the Tabrizi variety, the pest was observed in 2% of the Rkasiteli, 8% of the Khyndogny, and 12% of the Bayanshira plants. The relatively high density of the pest-infested plants was 28.6% (3 points) in Bayanshira, 14.6% (2 points) in Khyndogny, and 15.8% (2 points) in Rkasiteli.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the districts where the scaly pillow has developed more strongly in recent years is Salyan. Grape farmers and entrepreneurs, household owners call this pest a \u0026ldquo;smell disease\u0026rdquo;. Observations were made on the grape varieties Agadayi, Mahmudu, Ag Derbendi, Khalaj, Ag shany, Ag kishmish, which have been cultivated since ancient times in Salyan district. It was found that the population of the scaly pillow is at a dangerous level and is found between 52 (Ag Derbendi) and 84% (Ag shany) and is within 3 points, respectively. The population density or infection rate in the grapes inhabited by the pest is dangerously high, corresponding to 3 points and is 68.8% in Ag kishmish, 76.4% in Khalaj, 78.4% in Ag Derbendi, 86.4% in Mahmudu, 90.3% in Ag shany, and 92.0% in Agadayi.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is known that in assessing the quality of logs, the ratio of the diameter of the core to the diameter of the wood is taken as one of the main elements. However, this ratio does not fully express the area of the wood and core surfaces in the cross-section of the log. Therefore, N.V. Matuzok (2002) proposed calculating the wood growth coefficient, which expresses the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the wood to the cross-sectional area of the core. According to this method, first the diameter of the thorny branch and the core is determined, and then the total cross-sectional area of the thorny wood and the core (пd\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/4) is calculated separately. The thorny growth coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the total area of the wood to the total area of the thorn. If the growth coefficient is less than 0.80, the thorny tree is considered to be poorly grown, if it is 0.80\u0026ndash;0.99, it is considered to be sufficiently grown, and if it is greater than 0.90, it is considered to be well grown.\u003c/p\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDetermination of the degree of infestation with the grape mealybug (\u003cem\u003ePlanococcus vitis\u003c/em\u003e Risso.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArea, district\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrape varieties\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of viewed grapevine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of infected vines or frequency of pest incidence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndicator (points) on a 4-point scale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe density of the pest population in infected grapevine or the amount of infestation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndicator (points) on a 4-point scale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage length of the shoots, cm (in the pest - infested area)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage length of the shoots, cm (in pest - free area)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermination coefficient of shoots\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiameter of the shoots, mm (in the pest - infested area)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiameter of the shoots, mm (in pest - free area)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQuantity of unusable product, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enumber\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enumber\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"21\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsheron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGyrmyzy merendi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoldova\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgadayi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e220,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMahmudu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e214,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAg tayfı\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e195,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e218,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAg oval kishmish\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e245,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKardinal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e204,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e214,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSabrani\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e220,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e248,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKyal uzum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e196,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e192,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGirda kishmish\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e187,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e205,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArna-grna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e198,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e202,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTabrizi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e173,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e268,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedrese\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e193,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShamakhy marandisy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e262,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGara lkeni\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e224,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e236,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSapda durmas\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e213,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNovrast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e210,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBandi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e196,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBayanshira\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e209,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSultani kishmishy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e217,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGara kishmish\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e236,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhojavend\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhyndogny\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e196,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCabernet sauvignon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRkasiteli\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePino black\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGakh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSultanina\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e296,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRed globe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e214,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e298,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMichele palieri\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e164,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e264,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrimson seedless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e278,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShamakhi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoldova\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e194,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e214,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTabrizi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedrese\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e197,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e223,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhan uzum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e254,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e284,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDoina\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e196,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e235,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAligote\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e206,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSamux rayonu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTabrizi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e242,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBayanshira\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e216,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhyndogny\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e238,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e252,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRkasiteli\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e176,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e193,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalyan rayonu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgadayi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e245,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMahmudu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAg Derbendi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e247,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhalaj\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAg shany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e236,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAg kishmish\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82,0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139,2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur observations showed that the average length of the pods, the maturity coefficient of the pods, the diameter of the pods and the percentage of commercial yield of the crop in the pods with the developed pods had a great impact. It was also determined that the population density in the pods infected with the mealybug had a significant impact on these indicators. These ideas were reflected in the studies of world scientists investigating the impact of this pest. Schulze-Sylvester M. Et al. (2021) reported that high levels of infestation with the pest (P. Ficus) reduced leaf and stem biomass by one third, while low levels of infestation affected only root biomass. This suggests a higher susceptibility of perennial parts of the grapevine. However, it was found that Mealybug feeding did not affect leaf surface area, size, or number [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe determined the average length of shoots in the infected areas. In Absheron conditions, the average length of shoots in infected areas varied between 136.7 and 224.6 cm. In the area where the pest was not found, this indicator was 178.2 and 262.3 cm, respectively. As can be seen, shoots were better developed in the area where the pest was not found and the average length was higher, and according to our calculations, the difference varied between \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3.6 and 96.7. We encountered the same analogous phenomenon in Gakh, Khojavend, Shamakhi, Samukh and Salyan districts. In the Khojavend district, the average length of shoots in infected areas was 126.7 and 196.4 cm, and in the area where the pest was not found, it was 158.8 and 225.3 cm. The difference is 12.6\u0026ndash;41.7. In the Gakh district, the average length of the shoots in the infected areas is on average 164.8\u0026ndash;214.4 cm, and in the unaffected areas it is 264.4\u0026ndash;298.2 cm. The difference is 74.9\u0026ndash;99.6. In the Shamakhi district, the average length of the shoots in the infected areas is on average 174.4\u0026ndash;254.4 cm, and in the unaffected areas it is 206.7\u0026ndash;284.6 cm, the difference is 18.2\u0026ndash;39.1. In the infected plots in Samukh and Salyan districts, this indicator varied between 176.6\u0026ndash;242.8 cm and 126.8\u0026ndash;166.2 cm, respectively, and in the non-infected area \u0026ndash; between 193.3\u0026ndash;256.4 cm and 208.7\u0026ndash;256.8 cm. As for the difference, it was between 8.0\u0026ndash;16.7 and 69.5\u0026ndash;117.1, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe diameter of the shoots affected the maturation coefficient. The maturation coefficient is an indicator formed on the basis of the length and diameter of the shoots and varied between 0.62\u0026ndash;0.96 mm in the Absheron district, 0.96\u0026ndash;0.98 in the Khojavend district, 0.54\u0026ndash;0.76 in the Gakh district, 0.88\u0026ndash;0.96 in the Shamakhi district, 0.92\u0026ndash;0.95 in the Samukh district and 0.58\u0026ndash;0.78 in the Salyan district. From the studies, we saw that the diameter of the shoots was quite small in areas where the pest was developed, as a result, the shoots were poorly developed and their thickness was relatively low. Thus, while the diameter of the shoots in the Absheron district varied on average between 6.0\u0026ndash;9.6 mm, this indicator was significantly higher in areas where the pest was not found, being 7.2\u0026ndash;13.5 mm. For example, in the Mahmudu variety, the diameter was 9.2 mm in the area where the pest developed, and 12.6 mm in the area where the pest did not develop. The difference is between 0.6 and 3.9. While the diameter of the shoots in the Khojavend district varied on average between 5.8 and 8.5 mm, in the area where the pest was not found, this indicator was 5.5 and 8.3 mm, and the difference was between minus 0.4 and minus 0.2. In the Gakh district, the diameter of the shoots in the area where the pest was found was 6.8\u0026ndash;7.5 mm, while in the area where the pest was not found, this indicator was significantly higher and equaled 9.0\u0026ndash;11.0 mm. The difference between these indicators is 1.7\u0026ndash;3.5. In Shamakhi and Samukh districts, the diameter of the shoots was 8.1\u0026ndash;14.2 mm, 5.0\u0026ndash;14.1 mm, respectively, and in the area where the pest was not observed, this indicator was 7.3\u0026ndash;13.5 mm and 5.8\u0026ndash;13.3 mm, with a difference of -3.7\u0026ndash;0.3 and \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u0026ndash;1.2. In the varieties we studied, the diameter of the shoots was 5.7\u0026ndash;6.8 mm in the Salyan district, and in the area where the pest was not observed, this indicator was significantly higher, equal to 7.5\u0026ndash;13.1 mm, with a difference of 1.8\u0026ndash;6.3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn general, in Khojavend, Shamakhi and Salyan districts, due to the low population density of the scutellariae, there was no significant difference in the infected and non-infected areas, and therefore the diameter of the scutes was close to each other. However, in Salyan district, the diameter of the scutes differed significantly, because both the population density and the frequency of occurrence of the pest were high.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to literature data and our observations, pest infestation during the ripening period of the crop produces honeydew, as a result of which saprophytic fungi develop, making the crop unusable and ultimately its marketable appearance completely reduced. This idea is found in the studies of world scientists. Cocco, A. And colleagues (2017) note that pest colonies in bunches directly damage the crop by reducing the market value of table grapes and the quality of wine grapes [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pest sucks its juice into the grapevine trunk, branches, shoots, leaves, and fruits, causing stunted plant development and growth, small leaves, and a decrease in yield as a result of feeding, contaminating and rendering the crop unusable, and causing mechanical damage. [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Absheron conditions, a significant amount of the crop was spoiled in other varieties, except for Moldova, Arna-grna, Kyal uzum, and Medrese. The percentage of spoiled crop was higher in Tabrizi (84.4%), Ag oval kishmish (62.4%), Ag tayfı (54.8%), and Gara kishmish (54.4%). Since the frequency and population density of the pest were significantly low in Khojavend and Shamakhi districts, no spoiled crop was encountered. In Gakh district, the frequency and population density of the pest were high, and it even penetrated this crop. Thus, the studied varieties produced highly unusable products, and as a result, the percentage varied between 76.6\u0026ndash;86.6. Since the infection was weak in Samukh district, a small amount was found in the pods and the indicators were between 1.2\u0026ndash;3.6%. Unlike other districts, Salyan district was exposed to the highest impact of the pest, and a strong infection was found in the trunk, shoots, as well as leaves. Thus, the amount of unusable products varied between 94.2\u0026ndash;78.4% in Agadayi, Mahmudu, Ag Shany, Ag Derbendi, Khalaj uzum, Ag kishmish varieties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe larvae and females of the grape mealybug (Planococcus ficus Sign.) damage grape branches, leaves, buds and root system. During heavy infestation, grapevines turn yellow prematurely and the leaves fall off, the berries rot and the buds dry out. The resistance of the berries to low temperatures is low, and the resistance of the berries decreases by up to 4 times. In the \u0026ldquo;Taifi White\u0026rdquo; grape variety in the Faizabad region of Tajikistan, the average yield of 1550 grams was produced in the mealybug-infected buds, while the yield of the uninfected buds was 4 times higher, that is, 6265 grams. Here, the harmfulness of the mealybug is especially evident in August, when the population density increases sharply. In farms with vineyards, in yards or in backyards, during this period, a strong infestation of mealybugs is often observed on the Surkhak, Gissarsky Ranniy, Khusaine and Taifi White grape varieties. At this time (August, September), it is no longer possible to treat vineyards against pests with chemical methods, since insecticides contaminate the berries. Large grape clusters are damaged to such an extent that the berries almost completely shrink and rot. Heavily infected clusters lose their quality, become unsuitable for transportation and consumption [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince the grape mealybug \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus ficus\u003c/em\u003e (Signoret) causes great economic damage to vineyards worldwide, various methods are being implemented to reduce, limit and protect the vineyards. Chemical control, physical, biological control (catching pheromone traps), etc. Are used to directly control and destroy this pest. The use of selective insecticides (spirotetramat) with new modes of action and long-term effectiveness, together with environmentally friendly semiochemical-based agents, is a promising strategy for the development of pest control programs [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBiological control methods for mealybugs, although slow-acting, are safe and recommended. Representatives of the Anagyrus genus are the most effective among the natural parasites of mealybugs. Also, agrotechnical methods such as field sanitation and pruning help reduce the mealybug population [ 37].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMathematical statistical analysis was conducted on the studied grape varieties, and mutual dependencies were revealed between the population density of the mealybug and the average length of the shoots, the diameter of the shoots, the germination coefficient of the shoots, and quantity of unusable product (Figs. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Based on the Pearson correlation analysis, it was determined that there is a negative correlation between the population density and the average length of the shoots (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.408), that is, as the population density increases, the average length of the shoots decreases. Similar results are also seen between the population density and the germination coefficient of the shoots. This negative correlation (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.376) is relatively weak and not very significant from a mathematical point of view. Also, as a result of applying correlation analysis, attention was paid to the dependence between population density and the diameter of the shoots (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.912) and quantity of unusable product (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.948) and a negative correlation was observed, but although this dependence is negative, it is mathematically high and significant, that is, as the population density increases, there is a sharp decrease in the diameter of the shoots and quantity of unusable product.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe mealybug pest is more common in old vines and in vineyards with unpeeled bark, in humid, irrigated areas, and in vineyards with very dense green shoots;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the areas where the spread and impact of mealybugs were studied, insecticides containing Cypermethrin, Abamectin, and Deltamethrin, which were applied 6-7 times against the \u003cem\u003eLobesia botrana\u003c/em\u003e pest, did not have a negative effect on the spread and development of mealybugs. Therefore, selective insecticides should be used for mealybugs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith a high population density of mealybugs, the stems develop poorly, the average length, thickness, and maturity of the shoots decrease, and the yield of the commercial product decreases significantly. Thus, as the population density increases, its damage rate increases. There is a weak negative correlation between the population density and the average length of the stems (r= -0.140), a medium negative correlation with the maturity coefficient of the shoots (r= -0.370), a very high negative correlation with the yield loss (unusable) (r= -0.940), and a very high negative correlation with the diameter of the shoots (r= -0.910).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is clear from the observations that in areas with a higher incidence of mealybugs, the population density is also high and it is spread in the infected area regardless of the variety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the Absheron area, in 4 out of 21 varieties (Arna-grna, Medrese, Moldova, Kyal uzum) in the most examined varieties, no mealybugs were found. However, the varieties of these varieties border the infected area and are close to it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the observed regions, the most frequent infestations are in vineyards in Salyan and Gakh districts. Thus, the incidence of mealybugs was 63-84% in Salyan district, 86-97% in Gakh district, and the population density was 68.8-92.0% in Salyan district, and 78.6-97.4% in Gakh district.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObservations show that the spread of mealybugs occurs in waves, moving from the center (the pest’s hotbed) to the edges.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eI.G. prepared the main manuscript text and contributed to the study design. M.V. prepared the figures and assisted in data collection. S.V. contributed to the statistical analysis, interpretation of results, and preparation of graphical outputs. G.A. was responsible for manuscript formatting, translation, and analysis of the tables. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank the staff and vineyard owners in the studied regions of Azerbaijan for their assistance during field observations and sample assessments. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan for providing the necessary conditions for conducting this research.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll data supporting the findings of this study are included in the article. Additional data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAkbasova A.D., Serik, U.A., Sainova, G.A., Aubakirov N.P. Sulfur-containing preparations for the control of grape oidium. // Izdenister Natigeler, - 2024, No. 4 (104), - P.107\u0026ndash;113. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2024/11\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOrlov, O.V., Yurchenko, E.G. Comparative analysis of the dynamics of grape berry moth populations in the conditions of the ampelocenoses of the Taman Peninsula // Horticulture and Viticulture of Southern Russia, 2021. \u0026ndash; No. 72(6), pp. 263\u0026ndash;276. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-6-72-263-276 (in Russian\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFontaine M.C., Europe as a bridgehead in the worldwide invasion history of grapevine downy mildew / M.C.Fontaine., F.Labbe., Y.Dussert [et al.] // \u003cem\u003ePlasmopara viticola\u003c/em\u003e BioRxiv, - 2020. P.1-34. DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.22.307678\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eArestova, N. O., \u0026amp; Ryabchun, I. O. (2022). Possibility of biological vineyard protection from mildew with the help of a biological preparation. Bulletin of KrasSAU, (11), 10\u0026ndash;18. https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2022-11-10-18 (in Russian)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMaghradze, D., Chipashvili, R., Salimov, V., Melyan, G., Musayev, M., Ocete, C. A., \u0026amp; Failla, O. (2015). Sanitary status of the Eurasian wild grapevine in the South Caucasian region. Vitis-Journal of Grapevine Research, 54(1), 203-205.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMaghradze, D., Melyan, G., Salimov, V., Chipashvili, R., \u0026Iacute;\u0026ntilde;iguez, M., Puras, P., ... \u0026amp; Ocete, R. (2020). Wild grapevine (Vitis sylvestris CC Gmel.) wines from the Southern Caucasus region. OENO one, 54(4), 849-862.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOcete, R., Rivera, D., Maghradze, D., Salimov, V., Melyan, G., Musayev, M., ... \u0026amp; Ob\u0026oacute;n, C. (2018). Support trees and shrubs for the Eurasian wild grapevine in Southern Caucasus. Annals of Agrarian Science, 16(4), 427-431.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJafarov I.H. 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Farming, 10(3), 202-213. https://doi.org/10.56578/of100304.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSalimov V.S and Huseynov M.A (2025). Polymorphism features in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) variety Bayanshira populations. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 57(2): 516-528. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2025.57.2.11.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSalimov V.S, Huseynov M.A, Huseynova A.S (2025). Phenotypic variability in the vegetative generation of grape (V. vinifera L.) protoclones and selection with stable signs. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 57(3): 999-1008. http://doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2025.57.3.12.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMammadova Ruhangiz, Salimov Vugar, Shader Alizade and Nurlan Amrahov. Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Azerbaijani Grape Varieties (Vitis ssp.) by Using ISSR Markers. Plant Breed. Biotech. 2025 (September) 13.167~175. https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2025.13.167\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSalimov Vugar, Huseynova Afat, Guliyeva Aynura, Alizade Shader, Mammadova Ruhangiz. Assessment of biomorphological and economically important traits of some local grape varieties and clones of Azerbaijan. Advances in Biology \u0026amp; Earth Sciences Vol.10, No.2, 2025, pp.303-313\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMammadova R., Salimov V., Alizade Sh., Amrahov N. Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Azerbaijani Grape Varieties (Vitis ssp.) by Using ISSR Markers article Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (Plant Breed. Biotech.).https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2025.13.167. 2025.167-175\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026Ouml;zg\u0026ouml;k\u0026ccedil;e M.S., Kara H., Kına E., Başı F.H. Turun\u0026ccedil;gil Unlubiti, \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u003c/em\u003e (Risso) (Hemiptera: \u003cem\u003ePseudococcidae\u003c/em\u003e)\u0026rsquo;nin Laboratuvar Koşullarında \u003cem\u003eCucurbita moschata\u003c/em\u003e Duch. \u0026Uuml;st\u0026uuml;nde Pop\u0026uuml;lasyon B\u0026uuml;y\u0026uuml;kl\u0026uuml;ğ\u0026uuml;n\u0026uuml;n ve Bazı Demografik Parametrelerinin Tahmin Edilmesi // Y\u0026uuml;z\u0026uuml;nc\u0026uuml; Yıl \u0026Uuml;niversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi Cilt 31, Sayı 3, 30.09.2021. DOİ: 10.29133/yyutbd.872271\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKaracaoğlu M., Satar S. Bioecological characteristics of \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u003c/em\u003e Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: \u003cem\u003ePseudococcidae\u003c/em\u003e) under constant and alternating temperatures // T\u0026uuml;rk. entomol. derg., 2017, 41 (2): 147-157. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/ted.88994\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNaegele R.P., Cousins Peter and Daane Kent M. Identification of Vitis Cultivars, Rootstocks, and Species Expressing Resistance to a Planococcus Mealybug. Insects 2020, 11, 86; p.1-11. doi:10.3390/insects11020086\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFahmy A.M., Salem E.H., Allam R.O.H. Control of citrus mealybug \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u003c/em\u003e (Risso) on three grapevines varieties and its effect on fruits quality // SVU-International Journal of Agricultural Science Volume 3 Issue (3) pp.: 85-95, 2021. Doi: 10.21608/svuijas.2021.69717.1096\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNurmamatov A.M.. Nocuıty of mealy-bugs (homoptera, coccoıdea, Pseudococcıdae) ın tajıkıstan // Reports of the academy of scıences of the republıc of Tajıkıstan. 2006, Vol. 49, No. 9, 860-865\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAmangeldı Z., \u0026Ccedil;alışkan Ke\u0026ccedil;e A.F., Ulusoy M.R. Life Table Parameters of Grape Mealybug \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus Ficus\u003c/em\u003e (Signoret, 1875) (Hemiptera: \u003cem\u003ePseudococcidae\u003c/em\u003e) on Different Vine Types // Researceh Squate 2023. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2519820/v1\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCocco A., Mura A., Muscas E., Lentini, A. Comparative development and reproduction of \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus ficus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u003c/em\u003e (Hemiptera: \u003cem\u003ePseudococcidae)\u003c/em\u003e on grapevine under field conditions // Agricultural and Forest Entomology (2017). Doi: 10.1111/afe.12234\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFilho W.J.M., Silva V.C.P., Willink M.C.G., Prado E., Botton M. A survey of \u003cem\u003eMealybugs\u003c/em\u003e infesting South-Brazilian wine vineyards // Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbe.2015.05.002\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShikhlinsky, H. M. (2016). Genetics and breeding of grapevine. Baku: Muellim Publishing. 456 p. http://web2.anl.az:81/read/page.php?bibid=484353\u0026amp;pno=4 (in Azerbaijani)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSalimov V.S. (2019). \u003cem\u003eAmpelographic screening of grapevine\u003c/em\u003e. Baku: Muellim Publishing. 319 p. https://www.preslib.az/az/book/LvSsU7PzJcTwejM (in Azerbaijani)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGlanz S. Medical and biological statistics. Moscow: Practice. 1998:1-459. https://www.medstatistic.ru/articles/glantz.pdf (in Russian).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSchulze-Sylvester M., Corronca, J A., \u0026amp; Paris, C.I. (2021). Vine mealybugs disrupt biomass allocation in grapevine. \u003cem\u003eOENO One\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e55\u003c/em\u003e(1), 93\u0026ndash;103. https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.1.4458\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSilva R.R., Oliveira, J.E.M., Silva, L.B., Silva, C.S.B., Silva, J.G., Oliveira, A.C., Souza, I.D. Development and longevity of Citrus mealybug \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u003c/em\u003e (Risso, 1813) (Insecta: Homoptera: \u003cem\u003ePseudococcidae\u003c/em\u003e) associated with grapevine // African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 10(35), pp. 3543-3547, 27 August, 2015. Doi: 10.5897/AJAR2015.9559\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026Ouml;zg\u0026ouml;k\u0026ccedil;e M.S., Kına E., Kara H. Life table and some biological features of \u003cem\u003ePlanococcus citri\u003c/em\u003e, Risso (Hemiptera: \u003cem\u003ePseudococcidae\u003c/em\u003e) on 41-B grapevine variety (Vitis vinifera L.) // YY\u0026Uuml; TAR BİL DERG (YYU J AGR SCI) 2018, 28(\u0026ouml;zel sayı): 247-256.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAhmed A.R., Apori S.O., Karim A.A.. Mealybug vectors: A review of their transmission of plant viruses and their management strategies // AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2023, 8(3):736-761. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2023040\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRamzi Mansour, Luc P. Belzunces, Pompeo Suma, Lucia Zappal\u0026agrave;, Gaetana Mazzeo, Kaouthar Grissa-Lebdi, Agatino Russo, Antonio Biondi. Vine and citrus mealybug pest control based on synthetic chemicals. A review // Agronomy for Sustainable Development (2018) 38: 37 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0513-7;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCocco A, Lentini A, Serra G (2014) Mating disruption of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in vineyards using reservoir pheromone dispensers. J Insect Sci 14:144. https://doi.org/10. 1093/jisesa/ieu006\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGanjisaffar F, Andreason SA, Perring TM (2019) Lethal and sub-lethal effects of insecticides on the pink hibiscus mealybug, \u003cem\u003eMaconellicoccus hirsutus\u003c/em\u003e (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). \u003cem\u003eInsects\u003c/em\u003e 10: 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10010031 doi: 10.3390/insects10010031\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"mealybug, grape, pests, population density, average length of the shoots, diameter of the shoots, germination coefficient ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8703890/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8703890/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eConsidering the recent widespread occurrence of the mealybug, the distribution and harmfulness of the pest were investigated in the vineyards of Absheron, Gakh, Shamakhi, Samukh and Khojavend districts. In the Gakh district, the frequency of occurrence of the pest in the Sultani, Crimson seedless, Red Globe varieties was 86-97.0%, and the population density was 78.6-97.4%, which was higher than in other districts. In Absheron conditions, this pest is found in the perennial parts of the vines of other varieties, except for 4 out of 21 varieties (Moldova, Kyal uzum, Arna-grna, Medrese). The number of vines inhabited by the pest ranged from 3.03 (Kardinal) to 46.6% (Bandi). Although the settlement rate of the grape varieties studied in Absheron was relatively low, it was found that 3 varieties – Kardinal, Sabrani, Gara lkeni – were at a damaging level with a score of 2, and the other 14 varieties (Gyrmyzy merendi, Agadayi, Mahmudu, Ag tayfı, etc.) were at a high damaging level (26-90%) and within 3 points, depending on their population density or infection rate. The infection rate of the grape varieties studied in Khojavend and Shamakhi districts was low and was assessed at 1 point. The infection rate of the varieties in Samukh district varied, with no pests found in the Tabrizi variety, 2% in Rkasiteli, 8% in Khyndogny, and 12% in Bayanshira. According to our observations, one of the districts where the mealybug has developed more strongly in recent years is Salyan. The population density in the grapes inhabited by the pest is at a dangerous level, corresponding to 3 points and is 68.8% in Ag kishmish, 76.4% in Khalaj grapes, 78.4% in Ag Derbendi, 86.4% in Mahmudu, 90.3% in Ag shany, and 92.0% in Agadayi.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies have shown that stems with strong development of the mealybug develop poorly, the color of the shoots weakens, the degree of shoots maturation and maturation coefficient are low, and this negatively affects the yield of the marketable product.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Study of the distribution and damage characteristics of mealybugs in vineyards under different ecological conditions of Azerbaijan","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-04 07:10:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8703890/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"155c36bf-51f0-4a0a-923d-508f33067695","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 4th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-06T10:08:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-04 07:10:02","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8703890","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8703890","identity":"rs-8703890","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}