Prevalence, determinants, and antimicrobial resistance of enteric bacterial infections among under-five children in Nairobi County.

Prevalence, determinants, and antimicrobial resistance of enteric bacterial infections among under-five children in Nairobi County. | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 14 August 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Prevalence, determinants, and antimicrobial resistance of enteric bacterial infections among under-five children in Nairobi County. Authors : Davis Kimile [email protected] , Perpetual Ndung’u , Peter Karanja , and Gervason Moriasi 0000-0001-5604-9987 Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175518202.23738012/v1 176 views 130 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Diarrhoeal disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five, especially in low- and middle-income countries where poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure exacerbates its impact. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, and risk factors for enteric bacterial infections in 216 children aged 0–60 months in Nairobi County, Kenya. Stool analysis yielded 204 bacterial isolates, predominantly Escherichia coli (36.3%), Shigella sonnei (11.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (9.8%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (8.8%). The highest prevalence occurred in children aged 48–60 months (23.5%), with females accounting for 59.3% of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high E. coli susceptibility to meropenem (100.0%), gentamicin (96.6%), and ciprofloxacin (96.6%), but substantial resistance to ampicillin (78.0%) and nitrofurantoin (30.5%). S. sonnei showed complete resistance to ampicillin and high resistance to nitrofurantoin (66.7%). Resistance to nitrofurantoin was also frequent in A. hydrophila (94.4%) and Enterobacter spp. Socio-demographic assessment indicated that most caregivers had tertiary education (50.9%) and low to moderate incomes; half had piped water access, and 44.4% used shared sanitation, yet poor household hygiene was observed in 51.9%. Clinically, diarrhoea was often accompanied by abdominal pain (93.5%), fever (55.6%), and dehydration (46.3%). Oral rehydration salts and zinc were commonly used, while 44% of children had taken antibiotics in the month prior to sampling. The findings reveal a high burden of bacterial diarrhoea and AMR in this setting, underscoring the urgent need for improved WASH infrastructure, antibiotic stewardship, and targeted public health interventions. Supplementary Material File (kimile et al. 2025-manuscript file-14-08-2025-(01).docx) Download 189.34 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 14 August 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords antimicrobial resistance (amr) children under five enteric bacterial infections multidrug resistance (mdr) water and hygiene (wash) sanitation Authors Affiliations Davis Kimile [email protected] Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology View all articles by this author Perpetual Ndung’u Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology View all articles by this author Peter Karanja Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology View all articles by this author Gervason Moriasi 0000-0001-5604-9987 Kenyatta University School of Pure and Applied Sciences View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 176 views 130 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Davis Kimile, Perpetual Ndung’u, Peter Karanja, et al. Prevalence, determinants, and antimicrobial resistance of enteric bacterial infections among under-five children in Nairobi County.. Authorea . 14 August 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175518202.23738012/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); Cited by Davis Kimile, Perpetual Ndung’u, Peter Karanja, Gervason Moriasi, Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Risk Factors of Enteric Bacterial Infections Among Children Under Five in Nairobi County, Kenya, International Journal of Microbiology, 2025 , 1, (2025). https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/6093453 Crossref Loading... View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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