Analyses of the Characteristics and Prognosis of Elderly Patients Visiting a High-Capacity Turkish Emergency Department Due to an Occupational Accident: Cross-Sectional Study

Analyses of the Characteristics and Prognosis of Elderly Patients Visiting a High-Capacity Turkish Emergency Department Due to an Occupational Accident: Cross-Sectional Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analyses of the Characteristics and Prognosis of Elderly Patients Visiting a High-Capacity Turkish Emergency Department Due to an Occupational Accident: Cross-Sectional Study Habibe Selmin OZENSOY, Selahattin GURU, Nihal ERTURK, Serhat ORUN, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571365/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Most elderly people will live in low-middle-income countries and need to work. With the increase in the number of elderly people in the workforce, it can be predicted that occupational accidents (OAs) in elderly people will continue to constitute an important patient group for emergency departments (EDs). In this study, the descriptive characteristics of elderly individuals who were admitted to a high-capacity ED due to OAs and some features that could predict their prognosis were examined. Materials & Methods Patients aged 65 years and older who visited the ED due to OA between June 1, 2019, and June 30, 2023, were retrospectively investigated. The results such as demographic characteristics, trauma-related characteristics, injury severity scores (ISSs), outcome measures such as ED and hospital stay lengths, and mortality ​​were revealed and compared. Results Within the scope of the study, 92 elderly people with OA were examined. The most common trauma mechanism involved incisions (n=34, 37%), and the upper extremities were most frequently injured (n=39, 42.4%). Those with thorax trauma, those injured by falls from a height, and those with a high ISS had longer ED and hospital stays (p=0.045, p=0.003, and p <0.001, respectively). Conclusions In elderlyindividuals, OAs most commonly injure the upper extremities. Injuries often occur through incisions. Among elderly people injured with OA, those with thoracic trauma fall heights, and those with a high ISS have a poor prognosis. Elderly Emergency Departments Occupational Accidents Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction According to the United Nations' 2022 data, 10% of the world's population is 65 years old over older. The world population is aging, and by 2050, this 10% share is expected to increase to 16%. 1 Moreover, it is estimated that 80% of these elderly people will live in low- and middle-income countries. 2 According to Turkey's data, 9.9 percent % of the population will be 65 years old and over older in 2022, and this share will increase to 12.9% by 2030. 3 In correlation with the aging of the world population, workers approaching and exceeding the traditional retirement age (60–65 years old) are now the age group whose numbers are increasing most rapidly in the population. 4 Older workers constitute a group with characteristics that require special attention in terms of occupational health and safety. 5 A significant portion of Turkey's elderly population remains in the workforce for various reasons, such as financial difficulties. The workforce participation of people over the age of 65 in Turkey is 12%. The most common areas of employment for these people are agriculture, forestry and fishing, trade, and manufacturing. 6 Occupational accidents (OAs) and work-related diseases cause great suffering and loss for individuals, organizations, and society. Events that cause physical or mental disability to the worker and meet the definition of OA according to the laws of the Republic of Turkey occur during the employee's stay at the workplace or in a place other than the workplace where he is assigned by the employer, occur during travel while being sent to another place by the employer, occur during the time reserved for breastfeeding worker women to give milk to their child, occur during the time they go to and from work with a vehicle provided by the employer, and are an ongoing process. 7 Work-related hazards are a major problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. 8 According to data from social security institutions, the OA rate in Turkey is 12.4%. In 2020, 0.32% of OAs resulted in death. The rate of OAs causing disability for workers over the age of sixty-five is 0.2%. 9 Identifying high-risk workers is one of the measures used to reduce OAs. 10 In the elderly group, actions such as falling, lifting, collision, and carrying are the main mechanisms of OAs. Decreasing muscle strength, balance, and visual abilities as age increases may increase the frequency of OAs in elderly individuals. Research suggests that older adults' brains may function differently than younger adults’ brains but not necessarily reduced functioning. 11 The literature includes studies that address this issue and recommend ways to increase the presence and productivity of elderly people in the workforce. 12 However, some concerns remain that work-related illnesses and accidents may increase in workers older than 60 years. Issues raised regarding workplace accidents include mobility, strength, dexterity, balance, sensory losses, hearing and vision, and cognitive changes with slower information processing and delayed reaction times. 13 This study examined the descriptive characteristics of elderly patients admitted to a high-capacity emergency department (ED) due to OAs. Its goal was to reveal the defining features that increase mortality and morbidity. The study's goals were to contribute to developing preventive and emergency health services in the field and in hospitals. Materials & Methods Study Design and Ethics This study was approved by the XXX (decision number E2-23-5200) on October 11, 2023. All researchers unconditionally and completely complied with the Declaration of Helsinki throughout the study. The dataset was obtained from the hospital electronic archive after the approval of the hospital management and the local ethics committee. There was no identifying information about the patients in the dataset. The researchers did not have access to the patients' names or photographs. As explained above, since a patient list without identifying information was created and data extraction was designed retrospectively, the need for informed consent was waived by the [XXX (decision number E2-23-5200)]. Patient records were collected for patients aged 65 years old and older who visited the ED due to OA between June 1, 2019, and June 30, 2023. This hospital has a high ED and hospitalization capacity. There is a consultation opportunity in all clinics in the hospital. It is also a center where all surgical procedures can be performed. Data about the patients, such as their age, sex, known diseases, trauma mechanisms, body zone injuries, whether surgical intervention was performed due to OA, injury severity score (ISS), 1-month mortality, duration of stay in the ED, and duration of hospital stay, were recorded. Patients with missing data were excluded. Outcome Measures The descriptive characteristics of the patients were compared, including 1-month mortality and length of stay in the ED and hospital. On the other hand, trauma mechanisms and body zones injured were also compared with the length of stay in the ED and hospital. Data about body zones injured were collected with 7 separate codes. Data about trauma mechanisms were also collected with 5 separate codes. These subgroups were examined with post hoc analysis. Statistical analysis SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) ver 25 was used for analysis. The demographic descriptive data of the patients are expressed as n and %. The normality of the distribution of the data was checked with the Shapiro‒Wilk test, and since the data did not fit the data, nonparametric tests were used. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze categorical variables. The Mann‒Whitney U test was used for two independent group analyses. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for multiple independent group analyses, and post hoc analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The Spearman correlation test was used to analyze numerical variables. The alpha error of the study was accepted as 0.05. Results Patient demographic characteristics During the 4-year period during which the data were collected, 19,306 patients underwent surgery due to OAs. Ninety-two of these patients were aged 65 years and older. The median age of the patients was 66 years (range 65-76 years). A total of 95.7% (n=88) of the patients were male. As comorbidity, 16.3% of the patients had diabetes mellitus (DM), 17.4% had hypertension (HT), 10% had coronary artery disease (CAD), and 14.1% had other diseases. The most common trauma mechanism was incisions in 34 patients (37%), and the most frequently injured body zone was the upper extremity in 39 patients (42.4%). No surgical intervention was performed in the majority of patients (n=68, 73.9%). Fifty-one patients (55.4%) visited the ED between 08:00 and 16:00 during the day. The median length of stay in the ED and hospital were 4 and 6 hours, respectively. Only 4 (4.3%) of the patients died within 1 month. (Table 1). Table 1. Demographic characteristics, trauma mechanisms, injury characteristics, length of hospital stay, and mortality in elderly patients who visited emergency department with an occupational accident (n=92) Parameters n (%) Age Median (Range) 66 (65-76) Gender Female 4 (4.3) Male 88 (95.7) DM Yes 15 (16.3) No 77 (83.7) HT Yes 16 (17.4) No 76 (82.6) CAD Yes 10 (10.9) No 82 (89.1) Other * Yes 13 (14.1) No 79 (85.9) Trauma Mechanism Incision 34 (37) Falling from Height 20 (21.7) Heavy Object Falling On 18 (19.6) Falling from Own Height 10 (10.9) Other 10 (10.9) Body Zone Injured Upper Extremity 39 (42.4) Head Trauma 16 (17.4) Lower Extremity 14 (15.2) Thorax Trauma 7 (7.6) Multitrauma 7 (7.6) Vertebra Trauma 2 (2.2) None 7 (7.6) Surgical Intervention due to OA Yes 24 (26.1) No 68 (73.9) ISS Median (Range) 1 (0-25) The Time Period During the Day Visited ED 08.00-16.00 51 (55.4) 16.00-00.00 38 (41.3) 00.00-08.00 3 (3.3) Length of Stay in ED (hours) Median (Range) 4 (1-44) Length of Stay in Hospital (hours) Median (Range) 6 (1-720) Recurrent OA Yes 2 (2.2) No 90 (97.8) Mortality (in 1 month after OA) Alive 88 (95.7) Death 4 (4.3) ED: Emergency Department, DM: Diabetes Mellitus, HT: Hypertension, CAD: Coronary artery disease, *Other includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism patients, OA: Occupational Accident, ISS: Injury Severity Score. Clinical Outcomes There was no significant correlation between patient demographic characteristics, trauma mechanisms, injury characteristics, length of stay in the ED or length of hospital and 1-month mortality. (Table 2). Table 2. Comparisons of d emographic characteristics, trauma mechanisms, injury characteristics, length of hospital stay with mortality in the elderly patients who visited emergency department with an occupational accident ( n=92) Characteristics Mortality p Death Alive Gender Male 2 86 0,835 Female 0 4 Age group 65-70 3 78 0,405 71-76 1 10 DM Yes 0 15 0,484 No 4 73 HT Yes 1 15 0,541 No 3 73 CAD Yes 0 10 0,626 No 4 78 Other * Yes 0 13 0,538 No 4 75 Trauma Mechanism Heavy Object Falling On 1 17 0,736 Falling from Height 1 19 Falling from Own Height 1 9 Incision 0 34 Other 1 9 Body Zone Injured Upper extremity 0 39 0,071 Head 0 16 Lower extremity 2 12 Thorax 1 6 Multitrauma 1 6 Vertebra 0 2 None 0 7 Surgery Yes 1 23 0,722 No 3 65 ISS Median (range) 4.5 (0-9) 1 (0-25) 0,901** Time Period 08.00-16.00 3 48 0,410** 16.00-00.00 1 37 00.00-08.00 0 3 Length of Stay in ED (hours) Median (range) 6 (1-9) 4 (1-44) 0,765 Length of Stay in Hospital (hours) Median (range) 6 (1-96) 6 (1-720) 0,855 Recurrent ED visit with another OA Yes 0 2 0,914 No 4 86 ED: Emergency department, OA: Occupational Accident, DM: Diabetes Mellitus, HT: Hypertension, CAD: Coronary artery disease, *Other: Includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, ISS: Injury severity score, **Mann ‒ - Whitney U test The results showed that patients who were considered to have multitrauma and who experienced thorax trauma as a body zone injury stayed in both the ED and hospital significantly longer (p=0.045, Z-2.009 and p=0.021, Z=-2.305, respectively) (Figure 1, Table 3). Similarly, those injured by falling from a height or falling from their own height stayed both in the ED and in the hospital longer (p=0.003, Z=-3.008 and p=0.014, Z=-2459, respectively) (Figure 2, Table 3). A positive, moderately significant correlation was also detected between the median ISS of the patients and the duration of stay in the ED and hospital (p <0.001, correlation coefficient (CC)=0.545 and p <0.001, CC=0.652 , respectively) (Table 3). Table 3. Comparisons of d emographic characteristics, trauma mechanisms, injury characteristics, and mortality according to length of hospital stay and length of hospital stay in the emergency department in elderly patients who visited the emergency department with an occupational accident ( n=92) Length of Stay in ED (hours) Length of Stay in Hospital (hours) Median (Range) p (Z) Median (Range) p (Z) Age 4 (1-44) 0.173** 6 (1-720) 0.294** DM 8 (1-16) 0.017*** (-2.388) 24 (1-264) 0.018*** (-2.359) HT 4 (1-13) 0.963***(-0,047) 16 (1-288) 0,280*** (-1.080) CAD 4,5 (1-13) 0.875***(-0.158) 3,5 (1-288) 0,417*** (-0.811) Other* 2 (1-11) 0.252***(-1,145) 3 (1-48) 0,013*** (-2.496) Body Zone Injured 4 (1-44) 0.013 6 (1-720) 0.014 Trauma Mechanism 4 (1-44) 0.013 6 (1-720) 0.005 ISS 4 (1-44) <0.001** (CC=0.545***) 6 (1-720) <0.001** (CC=0.652****) Mortality 6 (1-9) 0.765***(-2.290) 6 (1-96) 0.878*** (-0.154) ED: Emergency department, *Other: includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, **Spearman Correlation test, *** Mann ‒ - Whitney U test, ****CC: correlation coefficient, DM: diabetes mellitus, HT: hypertension, CAD: coronary artery disease. Discussion In this study, 92 OA patients in the elderly age group were examined. It was determined that the upper extremities were injured most frequently, and incisions were the most common trauma mechanism. It was also found that patients who fell from heights and multiple traumas stayed longer in both the ED and the hospital, and therefore, their prognosis worsened. Similarly, as the ISS increased, the duration of stay in the ED and hospital increased, and the prognosis worsened. We found that a very high percentage of the patients in our research group were male. When the literature is examined, we can see that the excess of men is reported to be similar, with different but similar rates. In Osuka et al.'s group of 1164 patients who were geriatric due to OAs, the prevalence of males was also found to be high. 14 In Abe et al.'s study of 7265 patients, males were more prevalent. 10 Our study's percentage of men was greater than that in these studies. However, the number of patients in these two geriatric OA studies was considerably greater than that in this study. Although the male sex predominance was similar, the percentage difference may be due to our study’s lower number of patients. It is known that the percentage of women participating in the workforce is increasing. 15 However, in this study and similar studies in the literature, the preponderance of men among elderly people who had OAs draws attention. According to statistics from the WHO (World Health Organization) 2023, men are injured more than women. 16 The predominance of men in geriatric OAs, both in the literature and in this study, may be related to this situation. More comprehensive studies are needed to determine whether this inference is due to men being at greater risk due to gender or whether it is because men are more numerous. In their study of 3710 OAs, Nuwayhid et al. reported that the upper extremity was the most frequently affected body zone. 17 Additionally, in that study, which considered not only geriatric patients but also adult patients of all ages, most injuries were reported as wounds and lacerations. According to our data, the percentages of upper extremities in body zones injured and incisions in trauma mechanisms were high. When all OAs in elderly individuals such those of all ages, are considered, it is understood that the upper extremities are at greater risk for injury in elderly individuals. This finding seems consistent with the prediction that work performed with the upper extremities requires finer motor skills and that incisions are the most common injury mechanism. Our study revealed that more people with geriatric OAs came to the ED between 08:00 and 16:00 during the day. It does not seem logical that this proportional excess is related to elderly people being more careless in this time period. This is likely related to the fact that more intense work was performed in workplaces during this period. Therefore, more attention should be given to protective measures in workplaces during this time of day. Of course, we should also add that these data have a warning side for EDs regarding surgical needs, equipment, and the number of employees. Park et al. reported a significant relationship between fatality and a high ISS in their report of 2586 geriatric trauma patients. 18 According to our data, ISS was not significantly related to fatal geriatric occupational injuries. We attribute this situation to the low number of cases and, on the other hand, to the low number of deaths in our study. We used ED and hospital stay as other prognostic markers in our analyses. The ISS was significantly associated with these two outcome markers. The ISS was significantly greater in patients who required longer follow-up and treatment in the ED and the hospital. In this regard, the ISS initially emerged as an important and useful prognostic marker in geriatric OAs. We must emphasize this relationship for ED clinicians who treat geriatric OAs. Of course, it is possible to find a significant relationship between mortality and ISS in future studies with larger numbers of patients. Nevertheless, we did not find this relationship in a limited number of patients in this study. The greater tendency for falls in the elderly population and the increased number of comorbidities that cause falls revealed the need to examine trauma mechanisms in this study. This analysis revealed that those who fell from heights stayed in the ED and hospital for longer periods of time. Many studies have been conducted to prevent falls in all elderly people, regardless of OA. Guirguis-Blake et al. suggested numerous preventive practices in this context. Some of these practices are related to nutrition, and some are related to exercise. 19 Significantly longer ED and hospital stays in cases of falls from height were observed in a limited number of elderly people in our study, which underlines the prevention of this trauma mechanism in elderly people. As a result of the data we obtained, we can emphasize that clinicians dealing with preventive medicine practices and ED clinicians evaluating cases of ED after falling from height should be careful that these cases will have a worse prognosis. Similarly, patients who experienced multiple types of trauma according to the affected body zone and those with thoracic trauma had a worse prognosis in terms of length of stay in the ED and hospital. In the literature, attention has been given to the serious consequences of thoracic injuries, which is consistent with the results of our study. 20, 21 In this regard, Ertekin et al. examined thoracic trauma in the ED and reported 40 cases in which emergency thoracotomy was performed by ED clinicians or surgeons. Fatal diagnoses such as massive hemothorax and diaphragm rupture were remarkably common in the patients in that study 20 . We emphasize that thoracic injuries are more common and have a poor prognosis in geriatric OAs, depending on the treatment duration. ED clinicians should be careful about the poor prognosis in similar patients with thoracic injuries in the early period. In fact, special care should be taken against thoracic trauma in terms of protective equipment. This study has several limitations. First, the data were scanned retrospectively, and therefore, the data obtained were limited to the notes of the clinicians who cared for the patients in the past. On the other hand, the evaluation was made in a single center. More valid results may be obtained by collecting multicenter comparative prospective data in the future. In conclusion, the upper extremity is the most frequently injured body zone in OAs in elderly individuals, but thoracic traumas and multiple traumas are associated with a poor prognosis. The prognosis is also poor for OAs involving elderly individuals due to falls from height. A high ISS at admission is another poor prognosis indicator. All these poor prognostic signs are of great concern to ED clinicians when dealing with OAs in elderly individuals. On the other hand, the most frequently affected area is the upper extremity, and the poor prognosis of thoracic trauma patients is also important for the use of protective equipment in these two areas. Abbreviations CAD: Coronary artery disease DM: Diabetes mellitus ED: Emergency department HT: Hypertension ISS: Injury severity score OA: Occupational accident WHO: World Health Organization Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: Approval for this study was obtained from the local clinical research ethics committee in Ankara (decision number E2-23-5200) on October 11, 2023. All researchers unconditionally and completely complied with the Declaration of Helsinki throughout the study. The dataset was obtained from the hospital electronic archive after the approval of the hospital management and the local ethics committee. There was no identifying information about the patients in the dataset. The researchers did not have access to the patients' names or photographs. As explained above, a patient list without identifying information was created, and the data were extracted retrospectively. Consent for publication: Not applicable Availability of data and materials : The study's data are not available to individuals or institutions and have not been published anywhere. The corresponding author will provide the study's data if requested. Competing interests: None declared . Funding: This research received no specific grant from public, commercial, or not-for-profit funding agencies. Authors' contributions: Conceptualization: HSÖ, SG; Data curation: HSÖ, NE; Investigation: SG, SÖ, NE; Methodology: SG, HSÖ;Project administration: MAC, SÖ; Supervision: MAC, SÖ;Writing–original draft: HSÖ, SG, NE; Writing–review & editing: HSÖ,MAC, SÖ Acknowledgments: None References Gerland P, Hertog S, Wheldon M, Kantorova V, Gu D, Gonnella G, et al. World Population Prospects. 2022 World population aging 2020 highlights: living arrangements of older persons. Vol. no. 451. New York: UN; 2020. 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Analysis of patients requiring urgent thoracotomy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25:4345-50. Bertoglio P, Guerrera F, Viti A, Terzi AC, Ruffini E, Lyberis P, et al. Chest drain and thoracotomy for chest trauma. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11:186-91. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 20 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 12 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4571365","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":318279480,"identity":"acf31c51-0efa-4efe-807e-3ecc7cb8483d","order_by":0,"name":"Habibe Selmin OZENSOY","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA80lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwYehsMIbgUQMzM3kKLlDEgLI2EtzHAeYxuYxK/FnP3swcMFFTb2/NLtDx/zzquN5m8HavlRsQ2nFsuevITDM86kMUvOOWNszLvteO6Mw4wNjD1nbuN22IEcg8O8bYfZDG7ksEnzbjuW2wDUwszYhkfL+TdALf8O89jfSH8mzTvnWO58glpugGxpOCxhIJFgJs3bUJO7gbCWd0C/HEszkLiRY2w459iB3I1ALQfx+uV87uHPBTXAEJuR/vDBm5q63HnnDx988KMCtxYUwASL1gPEqQcCxh8MdUQrHgWjYBSMgpEDAOK2XjE1+re2AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara City Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Habibe","middleName":"Selmin","lastName":"OZENSOY","suffix":""},{"id":318279481,"identity":"a10e5f71-b002-4fff-8fee-840275bc5b64","order_by":1,"name":"Selahattin GURU","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara City Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Selahattin","middleName":"","lastName":"GURU","suffix":""},{"id":318279482,"identity":"91b22847-fbce-4cf0-9741-84bb2d57c6c6","order_by":2,"name":"Nihal ERTURK","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara City Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nihal","middleName":"","lastName":"ERTURK","suffix":""},{"id":318279483,"identity":"2b95a227-9b24-4a26-9f12-564029a2b13e","order_by":3,"name":"Serhat ORUN","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Namık Kemal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Serhat","middleName":"","lastName":"ORUN","suffix":""},{"id":318279493,"identity":"c740f42b-72ef-4d26-b88d-f4569ffdde2b","order_by":4,"name":"Mehmet Ali CEYHAN","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara City Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mehmet","middleName":"Ali","lastName":"CEYHAN","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-12 15:38:33","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571365/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571365/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60610801,"identity":"91b6c914-6a63-4712-ab9f-61c1ea1c842c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-18 18:29:56","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":61607,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComparison of Trauma Mechanisms and Body Zones Injuredwith Length of Stay in the Emergency Department among Elderly Patients Who Visited the Emergency Department with Occupational Accidents (n=92).\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4571365/v1/da38871035885560fa053c73.jpg"},{"id":60609602,"identity":"049fa333-b4ee-4bc8-a2b4-ea903e8a9eae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-18 18:21:56","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":48547,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComparison of Trauma Mechanisms and Body Zones Injured with Length of Stay in Hospital among Elderly Patients Who Visited the Emergency Department with Occupational Accidents (n=92)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4571365/v1/db36733d5abd00526dd06a19.jpg"},{"id":60610802,"identity":"f3dcf8e0-b184-4ae2-a4be-bc65020a5d51","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-18 18:30:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":910777,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4571365/v1/cc787966-10b9-426a-91d6-b1b5d3806fae.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analyses of the Characteristics and Prognosis of Elderly Patients Visiting a High-Capacity Turkish Emergency Department Due to an Occupational Accident: Cross-Sectional Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to the United Nations' 2022 data, 10% of the world's population is 65 years old over older. The world population is aging, and by 2050, this 10% share is expected to increase to 16%. \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Moreover, it is estimated that 80% of these elderly people will live in low- and middle-income countries. \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e According to Turkey's data, 9.9 percent % of the population will be 65 years old and over older in 2022, and this share will increase to 12.9% by 2030. \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e In correlation with the aging of the world population, workers approaching and exceeding the traditional retirement age (60\u0026ndash;65 years old) are now the age group whose numbers are increasing most rapidly in the population. \u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e Older workers constitute a group with characteristics that require special attention in terms of occupational health and safety. \u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA significant portion of Turkey's elderly population remains in the workforce for various reasons, such as financial difficulties. The workforce participation of people over the age of 65 in Turkey is 12%. The most common areas of employment for these people are agriculture, forestry and fishing, trade, and manufacturing. \u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccupational accidents (OAs) and work-related diseases cause great suffering and loss for individuals, organizations, and society. Events that cause physical or mental disability to the worker and meet the definition of OA according to the laws of the Republic of Turkey occur during the employee's stay at the workplace or in a place other than the workplace where he is assigned by the employer, occur during travel while being sent to another place by the employer, occur during the time reserved for breastfeeding worker women to give milk to their child, occur during the time they go to and from work with a vehicle provided by the employer, and are an ongoing process. \u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e Work-related hazards are a major problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. \u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e According to data from social security institutions, the OA rate in Turkey is 12.4%. In 2020, 0.32% of OAs resulted in death. The rate of OAs causing disability for workers over the age of sixty-five is 0.2%. \u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentifying high-risk workers is one of the measures used to reduce OAs. \u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e In the elderly group, actions such as falling, lifting, collision, and carrying are the main mechanisms of OAs. Decreasing muscle strength, balance, and visual abilities as age increases may increase the frequency of OAs in elderly individuals. Research suggests that older adults' brains may function differently than younger adults\u0026rsquo; brains but not necessarily reduced functioning. \u003csup\u003e11\u003c/sup\u003e The literature includes studies that address this issue and recommend ways to increase the presence and productivity of elderly people in the workforce.\u003csup\u003e12\u003c/sup\u003e However, some concerns remain that work-related illnesses and accidents may increase in workers older than 60 years. Issues raised regarding workplace accidents include mobility, strength, dexterity, balance, sensory losses, hearing and vision, and cognitive changes with slower information processing and delayed reaction times. \u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study examined the descriptive characteristics of elderly patients admitted to a high-capacity emergency department (ED) due to OAs. Its goal was to reveal the defining features that increase mortality and morbidity. The study's goals were to contribute to developing preventive and emergency health services in the field and in hospitals.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials \u0026 Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Design and Ethics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study was approved by the XXX (decision number E2-23-5200) on October 11, 2023. All researchers unconditionally and completely complied with the Declaration of Helsinki throughout the study. The dataset was obtained from the hospital electronic archive after the approval of the hospital management and the local ethics committee. There was no identifying information about the patients in the dataset. The researchers did not have access to the patients' names or photographs. As explained above, since a patient list without identifying information was created and data extraction was designed retrospectively, the need for informed consent was waived by the [XXX (decision number E2-23-5200)].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient records were collected for patients aged 65 years old and older who visited the ED due to OA between June 1, 2019, and June 30, 2023. This hospital has a high ED and hospitalization capacity. There is a consultation opportunity in all clinics in the hospital. It is also a center where all surgical procedures can be performed. Data about the patients, such as their age, sex, known diseases, trauma mechanisms, body zone injuries, whether surgical intervention was performed due to OA, injury severity score (ISS), 1-month mortality, duration of stay in the ED, and duration of hospital stay, were recorded. Patients with missing data were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eOutcome Measures\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe descriptive characteristics of the patients were compared, including 1-month mortality and length of stay in the ED and hospital. On the other hand, trauma mechanisms and body zones injured were also compared with the length of stay in the ED and hospital. Data about body zones injured were collected with 7 separate codes. Data about trauma mechanisms were also collected with 5 separate codes. These subgroups were examined with post hoc analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) ver 25 was used for analysis. The demographic descriptive data of the patients are expressed as n and %. The normality of the distribution of the data was checked with the Shapiro‒Wilk test, and since the data did not fit the data, nonparametric tests were used. The chi-square test and Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact test were used to analyze categorical variables. The Mann‒Whitney U test was used for two independent group analyses. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for multiple independent group analyses, and post hoc analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The Spearman correlation test was used to analyze numerical variables. The alpha error of the study was accepted as 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePatient demographic characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the 4-year period\u0026nbsp;during\u0026nbsp;which the data\u0026nbsp;were\u0026nbsp;collected, 19,306 patients\u0026nbsp;underwent surgery\u0026nbsp;due to OAs.\u0026nbsp;Ninety-two\u0026nbsp;of these patients\u0026nbsp;were\u0026nbsp;aged 65\u0026nbsp;years\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;older. The median age of the patients was 66\u0026nbsp;years (range\u0026nbsp;65-76\u0026nbsp;years).\u0026nbsp;A total of\u0026nbsp;95.7% (n=88) of the patients were male. As comorbidity, 16.3% of the patients had diabetes mellitus (DM), 17.4% had hypertension (HT), 10% had coronary artery disease (CAD),\u0026nbsp;and 14.1% had other diseases. The most common trauma mechanism was incisions in 34\u0026nbsp;patients\u0026nbsp;(37%), and the most frequently injured body zone was the upper extremity in 39\u0026nbsp;patients\u0026nbsp;(42.4%). No surgical intervention was performed in the majority of\u0026nbsp;patients\u0026nbsp;(n=68, 73.9%).\u0026nbsp;Fifty-one patients\u0026nbsp;(55.4%) visited the ED between 08:00 and 16:00 during the day. The median length of stay in the ED and hospital\u0026nbsp;were\u0026nbsp;4 and 6 hours, respectively. Only 4 (4.3%) of the\u0026nbsp;patients\u0026nbsp;died within 1 month. (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. Demographic characteristics, trauma mechanisms, injury characteristics, length of hospital stay, and mortality in elderly patients who visited emergency department with an occupational accident (n=92)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"576\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"75.34722222222223%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameters\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (Range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66 (65-76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88 (95.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77 (83.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (17.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76 (82.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCAD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82 (89.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (14.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79 (85.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrauma Mechanism\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncision\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (37)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFalling from Height\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeavy Object Falling On\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (19.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFalling from Own Height\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBody Zone Injured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper Extremity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (42.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHead Trauma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (17.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower Extremity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (15.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThorax Trauma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (7.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultitrauma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (7.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVertebra Trauma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (7.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical Intervention due to OA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (26.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68 (73.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eISS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (Range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0-25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Time Period During the Day Visited ED\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e08.00-16.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51 (55.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.00-00.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (41.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00.00-08.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of Stay in ED (hours)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (Range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of Stay in Hospital (hours)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (Range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-720)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecurrent OA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90 (97.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.97222222222222%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMortality (in 1 month after OA)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.375%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlive\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.65277777777778%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88 (95.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"58.23529411764706%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeath\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"41.76470588235294%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eED: Emergency Department, DM: Diabetes Mellitus, HT: Hypertension, CAD: Coronary artery disease, *Other includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism patients, OA: Occupational Accident, ISS: Injury Severity Score.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eClinical Outcomes\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere was no significant correlation between\u0026nbsp;patient\u0026nbsp;demographic characteristics, trauma mechanisms, injury characteristics, length of stay in\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;ED or\u0026nbsp;length of\u0026nbsp;hospital\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;1-month mortality. (Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"642\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\" colspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2. Comparisons of d\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eemographic characteristics, trauma mechanisms, injury characteristics, length of hospital stay with mortality in the elderly patients who visited emergency department with an occupational accident (\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=92)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"44.23676012461059%\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.22741433021807%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMortality\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.53582554517134%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"54.81171548117155%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"45.18828451882845%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlive\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,835\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge group\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65-70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,405\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71-76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,484\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,541\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCAD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,626\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,538\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrauma Mechanism\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeavy Object Falling On\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,736\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFalling from Height\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFalling from Own Height\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIncision\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBody Zone Injured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper extremity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,071\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHead\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower extremity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThorax\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultitrauma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVertebra\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,722\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eISS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5 (0-9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0-25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,901**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime Period\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e08.00-16.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,410**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.00-00.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00.00-08.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of Stay in ED\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(hours)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,765\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of Stay in Hospital\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(hours)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-720)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,855\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.68486739469579%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecurrent ED visit with another OA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.464898595943836%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.43681747269891%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.848673946957877%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.564742589703588%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,914\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"37.59791122715405%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.20365535248042%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.198433420365536%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eED: Emergency department, OA: Occupational Accident, DM: Diabetes Mellitus, HT: Hypertension, CAD: Coronary artery disease, *Other: Includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, ISS: Injury severity score, **Mann\u003cdel cite=\"mailto:Editor%202\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/del\u003e\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Editor\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003e‒\u003c/ins\u003e\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Editor%202\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003e\u003cdel cite=\"mailto:Editor\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003e-\u003c/del\u003e\u003c/ins\u003eWhitney U test\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results showed that patients who were considered to have multitrauma and who experienced thorax trauma as a body zone injury stayed in both the\u0026nbsp;ED and hospital significantly longer (p=0.045, Z-2.009 and p=0.021, Z=-2.305,\u0026nbsp;respectively) (Figure 1, Table 3). Similarly, those injured by falling from\u0026nbsp;a\u0026nbsp;height or falling from\u0026nbsp;their\u0026nbsp;own height stayed both in\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;ED and in\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;hospital longer (p=0.003, Z=-3.008 and p=0.014, Z=-2459,\u0026nbsp;respectively) (Figure 2, Table 3). A positive, moderately significant correlation was also\u0026nbsp;detected\u0026nbsp;between the median ISS of the\u0026nbsp;patients\u0026nbsp;and the duration of stay in\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;ED and hospital (p \u0026lt;0.001,\u0026nbsp;correlation coefficient\u0026nbsp;(CC)=0.545 and p \u0026lt;0.001, CC=0.652\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Editor%202\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003e,\u003c/ins\u003e respectively) (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3. Comparisons of d\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eemographic characteristics, trauma mechanisms, injury characteristics, and mortality according to length of hospital stay and length of hospital stay in the emergency department in elderly patients who visited the emergency department with an occupational accident (\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=92)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.707165109034268%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.925233644859816%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of Stay in ED (hours)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.36760124610592%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLength of Stay in Hospital (hours)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (Range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep (Z)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian (Range)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep (Z)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.173**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-720)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.294**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (1-16)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.017*** (-2.388)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (1-264)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.018*** (-2.359)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.963***(-0,047)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (1-288)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,280*** (-1.080)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCAD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,5 (1-13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.875***(-0.158)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,5 (1-288)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,417*** (-0.811)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1-11)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.252***(-1,145)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1-48)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0,013*** (-2.496)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBody Zone Injured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.013\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-720)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.014\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrauma Mechanism\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.013\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-720)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.005\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eISS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1-44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001**\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(CC=0.545***)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-720)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026lt;0.001**\u003c/strong\u003e (CC=0.652****)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.685847589424572%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMortality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.506998444790046%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.349922239502334%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.765***(-2.290)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.928460342146188%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1-96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.52877138413686%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.878*** (-0.154)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eED: Emergency department, *Other: includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism,\u0026nbsp;**Spearman Correlation test, *** Mann\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Editor\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003e‒\u003c/ins\u003e\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Editor%202\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003e\u003cdel cite=\"mailto:Editor\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003e-\u003c/del\u003e\u003c/ins\u003eWhitney U test, ****CC: correlation coefficient, DM: diabetes mellitus, HT: hypertension, CAD: coronary artery disease.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, 92 OA patients in the elderly age group were examined. It was determined that the upper extremities were injured most frequently, and incisions were the most common trauma mechanism. It was also found that patients who fell from heights and multiple traumas stayed longer in both the ED and the hospital, and therefore, their prognosis worsened. Similarly, as the ISS increased, the duration of stay in the ED and hospital increased, and the prognosis worsened.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe found that a very high percentage of the patients in our research group were male. When the literature is examined, we can see that the excess of men is reported to be similar, with different but similar rates. In Osuka et al.'s group of 1164 patients who were geriatric due to OAs, the prevalence of males was also found to be high. \u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e In Abe et al.'s study of 7265 patients, males were more prevalent.\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e Our study's percentage of men was greater than that in these studies. However, the number of patients in these two geriatric OA studies was considerably greater than that in this study. Although the male sex predominance was similar, the percentage difference may be due to our study\u0026rsquo;s lower number of patients. It is known that the percentage of women participating in the workforce is increasing. \u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e However, in this study and similar studies in the literature, the preponderance of men among elderly people who had OAs draws attention. According to statistics from the WHO (World Health Organization) 2023, men are injured more than women. \u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e The predominance of men in geriatric OAs, both in the literature and in this study, may be related to this situation. More comprehensive studies are needed to determine whether this inference is due to men being at greater risk due to gender or whether it is because men are more numerous.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn their study of 3710 OAs, Nuwayhid et al. reported that the upper extremity was the most frequently affected body zone. \u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e Additionally, in that study, which considered not only geriatric patients but also adult patients of all ages, most injuries were reported as wounds and lacerations. According to our data, the percentages of upper extremities in body zones injured and incisions in trauma mechanisms were high. When all OAs in elderly individuals such those of all ages, are considered, it is understood that the upper extremities are at greater risk for injury in elderly individuals. This finding seems consistent with the prediction that work performed with the upper extremities requires finer motor skills and that incisions are the most common injury mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study revealed that more people with geriatric OAs came to the ED between 08:00 and 16:00 during the day. It does not seem logical that this proportional excess is related to elderly people being more careless in this time period. This is likely related to the fact that more intense work was performed in workplaces during this period. Therefore, more attention should be given to protective measures in workplaces during this time of day. Of course, we should also add that these data have a warning side for EDs regarding surgical needs, equipment, and the number of employees.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePark et al. reported a significant relationship between fatality and a high ISS in their report of 2586 geriatric trauma patients. \u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e According to our data, ISS was not significantly related to fatal geriatric occupational injuries. We attribute this situation to the low number of cases and, on the other hand, to the low number of deaths in our study. We used ED and hospital stay as other prognostic markers in our analyses. The ISS was significantly associated with these two outcome markers. The ISS was significantly greater in patients who required longer follow-up and treatment in the ED and the hospital. In this regard, the ISS initially emerged as an important and useful prognostic marker in geriatric OAs. We must emphasize this relationship for ED clinicians who treat geriatric OAs. Of course, it is possible to find a significant relationship between mortality and ISS in future studies with larger numbers of patients. Nevertheless, we did not find this relationship in a limited number of patients in this study. The greater tendency for falls in the elderly population and the increased number of comorbidities that cause falls revealed the need to examine trauma mechanisms in this study. This analysis revealed that those who fell from heights stayed in the ED and hospital for longer periods of time. Many studies have been conducted to prevent falls in all elderly people, regardless of OA. Guirguis-Blake et al. suggested numerous preventive practices in this context. Some of these practices are related to nutrition, and some are related to exercise. \u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e Significantly longer ED and hospital stays in cases of falls from height were observed in a limited number of elderly people in our study, which underlines the prevention of this trauma mechanism in elderly people. As a result of the data we obtained, we can emphasize that clinicians dealing with preventive medicine practices and ED clinicians evaluating cases of ED after falling from height should be careful that these cases will have a worse prognosis. Similarly, patients who experienced multiple types of trauma according to the affected body zone and those with thoracic trauma had a worse prognosis in terms of length of stay in the ED and hospital. In the literature, attention has been given to the serious consequences of thoracic injuries, which is consistent with the results of our study. \u003csup\u003e20, 21\u003c/sup\u003e In this regard, Ertekin et al. examined thoracic trauma in the ED and reported 40 cases in which emergency thoracotomy was performed by ED clinicians or surgeons. Fatal diagnoses such as massive hemothorax and diaphragm rupture were remarkably common in the patients in that study \u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e. We emphasize that thoracic injuries are more common and have a poor prognosis in geriatric OAs, depending on the treatment duration. ED clinicians should be careful about the poor prognosis in similar patients with thoracic injuries in the early period. In fact, special care should be taken against thoracic trauma in terms of protective equipment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations. First, the data were scanned retrospectively, and therefore, the data obtained were limited to the notes of the clinicians who cared for the patients in the past. On the other hand, the evaluation was made in a single center. More valid results may be obtained by collecting multicenter comparative prospective data in the future.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the upper extremity is the most frequently injured body zone in OAs in elderly individuals, but thoracic traumas and multiple traumas are associated with a poor prognosis. The prognosis is also poor for OAs involving elderly individuals due to falls from height. A high ISS at admission is another poor prognosis indicator. All these poor prognostic signs are of great concern to ED clinicians when dealing with OAs in elderly individuals. On the other hand, the most frequently affected area is the upper extremity, and the poor prognosis of thoracic trauma patients is also important for the use of protective equipment in these two areas.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eCAD: Coronary artery disease\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDM: Diabetes mellitus\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eED:\u0026nbsp;Emergency department\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHT: Hypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eISS:\u0026nbsp;Injury severity score\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOA:\u0026nbsp;Occupational accident\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWHO:\u0026nbsp;World Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate:\u003c/strong\u003e Approval for this study was obtained from the local clinical research ethics committee in Ankara (decision number E2-23-5200) on October 11, 2023. All researchers unconditionally and completely complied with the Declaration of Helsinki throughout the study. The dataset was obtained from the hospital electronic archive after the approval of the hospital management and the local ethics committee. There was no identifying information about the patients in the dataset. The researchers did not have access to the patients' names or photographs. As explained above, a patient list without identifying information was created, and the data were extracted retrospectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e: The study's data are not available to individuals or institutions and have not been published anywhere. The corresponding author will provide the study's data if requested.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNone\u0026nbsp;declared\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Editor%202\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003e.\u003c/ins\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e This research received no specific grant from public, commercial, or not-for-profit funding agencies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors' contributions:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eConceptualization: HSÖ, SG; Data curation: HSÖ, NE; Investigation: SG, SÖ, NE; Methodology: SG, HSÖ;Project administration: MAC, SÖ; Supervision: MAC, SÖ;Writing–original draft: HSÖ, SG, NE; Writing–review \u0026amp; editing: HSÖ,MAC, SÖ\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGerland P, Hertog S, Wheldon M, Kantorova V, Gu D, Gonnella G, et al. \u003cem\u003eWorld Population Prospects. 2022\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld population aging 2020 highlights: living arrangements of older persons. Vol. no. 451. New York: UN; 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTürkiye İstatistik Kurumu, İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2022, Yaşlı nüfus 8 milyon 451 bin 669 kişi oldu. Available from on March,11,2024 :. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2022-49667#:~:text=Ya%C5%9Fl%C4%B1%20n%C3%BCfusun%202022%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1nda%20%44,%\u003cbr\u003e25%2C6%20olaca%C4%9F%C4%B1%20%C3%B6ng%C3%B6r%C3%BCld%C3%BC.%20June%202023.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFarrow A, Reynolds F. Health and safety of the older worker. Occup Med (Lond). 2012;62:4-11.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVarianou-Mikellidou C, Boustras G, Dimopoulos C, Wybo J-L, Guldenmund FW, Nicolaidou O, et al. Occupational health and safety management in the context of an ag\u003cins cite=\"mailto:Editor\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003ei\u003c/ins\u003e\u003cdel cite=\"mailto:Editor\" datetime=\"2024-06-12T14:16\"\u003eei\u003c/del\u003eng workforce. 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Analysis of patients requiring urgent thoracotomy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25:4345-50.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBertoglio P, Guerrera F, Viti A, Terzi AC, Ruffini E, Lyberis P, et al. Chest drain and thoracotomy for chest trauma. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11:186-91.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-geriatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bgtc","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Geriatrics](http://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bgtc/default.aspx","title":"BMC Geriatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Elderly, Emergency Departments, Occupational Accidents","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571365/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571365/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost elderly people will live in low-middle-income countries and need to work. With the increase in the number of elderly people in the workforce, it can be predicted that occupational accidents (OAs) in elderly people will continue to constitute an important patient group for emergency departments (EDs). In this study, the descriptive characteristics of elderly individuals who were admitted to a high-capacity ED due to OAs and some features that could predict their prognosis were examined.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterials \u0026amp; Methods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePatients aged 65 years and older who visited the ED due to OA between June 1, 2019, and June 30, 2023, were retrospectively investigated. The results such as demographic characteristics, trauma-related characteristics, injury severity scores (ISSs), outcome measures such as ED and hospital stay lengths, and mortality ​​were revealed and compared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the scope of the study, 92 elderly people with OA were examined. The most common trauma mechanism involved incisions (n=34, 37%), and the upper extremities were most frequently injured (n=39, 42.4%). Those with thorax trauma, those injured by falls from a height, and those with a high ISS had longer ED and hospital stays (p=0.045, p=0.003, and p \u0026lt;0.001, respectively).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn elderlyindividuals, OAs most commonly injure the upper extremities. Injuries often occur through incisions. Among elderly people injured with OA, those with thoracic trauma fall heights, and those with a high ISS have a poor prognosis.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analyses of the Characteristics and Prognosis of Elderly Patients Visiting a High-Capacity Turkish Emergency Department Due to an Occupational Accident: Cross-Sectional Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-18 18:21:51","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571365/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-06-24T11:42:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-06-20T10:46:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-06-20T10:45:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Geriatrics","date":"2024-06-12T15:37:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-geriatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bgtc","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Geriatrics](http://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bgtc/default.aspx","title":"BMC Geriatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"46fd5e7b-aa23-4eaa-baac-0128c19bac08","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 18th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-18T14:53:50+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-18 18:21:51","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4571365","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4571365","identity":"rs-4571365","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}